Cyber ​​Heroes

Chapter 275 Language and Mathematics

"... Saussure regards language as an existence with two sides. On the one hand, it is an unchangeable rules for the use of signs fixed by society and culture; on the other hand, it is a system that can be used creatively. The structure of meaning representations..."

"His interpretation of linguistics has led linguistics to develop in two different directions. On the concrete level, linguistics is running along the path of psychology and anthropology. At the same time, the axiomatic, Formalist mathematical concepts are also naturally introduced into this field..."

"...the mathematician Axel Touré was the first to articulate abstract formal rules describing the structure of languages. He initially expressed these rules as a 'grammar production' of the form 'x → y', that is, 'a Every x in a word can be replaced by y'. Touré describes 'grammar' as 'a set of grammars with the above-mentioned forms', and according to this set, gives the 'word problem' based on natural language ’, that is, ‘determine whether any two words can become each other according to the grammatical generation using the above set’…”

"...and before the birth of the computer, mathematicians came to a conclusion. This conclusion is stated in the way after the birth of the computer, that is: languages ​​that adopt Touré's grammar are those that can be used by any ordinary computer program Languages ​​generated by designing languages. In other words, simple grammars are generated that are sufficient to characterize all 'types'—enough to characterize all types of formal or mechanical languages ​​that the most complex computer programs can characterize..."

"... Noam Chomsky made another attempt. He attempted a complete characterization of the English language using Touré's grammar..."

"That..." Yuki weakly raised his hand, interrupting Xiang Shan's narration: "Excuse me, what is 'English'?"

Xiang Shan was taken aback.

At this moment, he felt something strange.In his rationality, Yuki's words are still meaningful words.But in his sensibility, the skill of "language" is stripped away.He thought he heard a cadenced sonic vibration—a sound that was nothing else.

Everyone has probably felt this way.You suddenly feel weird about the syllables of a common word, or look at the structure of a known common word, but feel strangely strange.

This feeling magnified infinitely in Xiang Shan's heart at this moment.

As if some kind of mysterious veil was lifted, a certain fact was suddenly laid bare in front of Xiangshan—Yuki didn't know what "English" was.

The language spoken by the people of this age is any language belonging to the old age, and it does not belong to any language of the old age.He is the result of a mixture of residues of countless languages.Its syntax is eerie and casual.

If a person from the Republic of the 21st century comes to listen, this language style seems to be... "Bodhisattva, according to Prajna Paramita, there is no hindrance to the heart, no hindrance, no terror, far away from reversed dreams, and ultimate nirvana The Buddhas of the third generation, according to Prajna Paramita, have attained Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi.” Such a mixture of foreign language and strange grammar.

In fact, Xiang Shan had never paid attention to this problem.He didn't understand anything when he just woke up.And the highly developed Saussure God's Domain endowed him with an unparalleled ability to learn languages—every inner master's ability in this area is stronger than that of Ingrid Granat in the era of natural man.What's more, this language is the casting product of the language of the old age.Without knowing it, he mastered it like a mother tongue.

He never realized the problem.

It's just that the memory that Tao Enhai gave him passively stimulated his memory of Ingrid.The knowledge of linguistics recovers suddenly like a waking insect.The neglected "truth" was suddenly slapped on his face.

—According to names like "Haitian Creole", is this... World Creole?

Xiang Shan once again caught a sound wave.

it mean……

[Master (interrogative tone). 】

"Master?" Yuki called again.

"Ah." Xiang Shan responded.

He covered his head.The severe pain hit again.

Xiang Shan realized that he had unconsciously "offline" his language function just now.

Things in human cognition may be far from "natural".In fact, there is no "meaningful discourse" in the world, only "cadenced mechanical waves with air as the medium", but human culture has given "meaning" to mechanical waves of specific frequencies.

Just as there is no administrative dividing line on the earth, there is no "meaning" in pure mechanical waves.

And the ability of human beings to recognize language allows him to obtain encoded information from a series of mechanical waves.This information will be transformed through a certain function of the human brain.

Those who have achieved internal strength can more actively control their own functions.

But this is more of a technique used when meditating to calm the mind.

Just now, Xiangshan's function was activated uncontrollably.What followed was a headache.

The long sleep (if he is really "Wu Zu Xiangshan" himself, then this "long time" may be as high as 200 years) is not without damage.Perhaps the concussion during the breakout was also responsible.Xiang Shan's brain was indeed slightly traumatized.It's just that after prostheticization liberated most of the nerve tissues that control the body, the practice of internal strength "misappropriated" these nerve tissues.The trained brain far exceeds what is needed to manipulate prosthetics.

Even if there is damage, it will only appear when Xiang Shan is fully exerting his internal strength.

But now, the memories of the founders of internal energy such as Zhu Xinyu and Ingrid have been recalled, and Xiang Shan's internal energy has also increased.

For example, Xiang Shan was in the state of "muscle strain behind the fat house" before.This nerd didn't know anything about sports and didn't move his back, so he didn't realize the injury at all.

But this Mr Fatty is actually an athlete with amnesia.The moment he regained his memory, he began to move his muscles and bones, and then instantly realized the state of his back.

However, Xiang Shan's situation was a little more complicated.After all, it was his brain that he hurt.

Sometimes, Xiang Shan would involuntarily resort to some internal meditation techniques.

——It’s impossible to fight like this now...

This thought flashed through Xiang Shan's mind.

【Master...】

Another series of atmospheric shocks.

Only then did Xiang Shan really switch back to his normal thinking mode.

Yuki asked, "Did you just say 'Creole' to yourself? What's 'English'? What's 'Creole'?"

"'English' is...an ancient language that no one uses anymore?" Xiang Shan pressed his head: "Creole..."

— Creole is not so strictly defined.However, as a subordinate concept of "mixed language", it also meets several conditions.First, Creole must have undergone a special evolutionary process whereby "speakers of different languages ​​suddenly mixed together to give birth to a form of communication without grammar" and "their children adopted this form of communication as mother tongue, And then complete the grammar".Creole languages ​​have a distinctive feature, their grammar is very direct and simple.Seychellois Creole, Haitian Creole, Mauritian Creole are typical Creole languages.Both Haitian Creole and Mauritian Creole have "French" in the upper layer, so they can understand each other without training...

The memory bursts in an instant.That was something about Ingrid that he remembered through Taunhai's memory.

Of course, Xiang Shan couldn't explain it according to Ingrid's introduction, otherwise he would have to face the question of "what is French".

But Yuki still didn't quite understand.

In fact, for him, topics including "Tuey Grammar", "Word Problems" and "Creole Formation" are too advanced.

If you want Yuki to understand these problems at the current level, it is like "you have learned the four arithmetic operations, now let's solve a few calculus".

Xiang Shan didn't explain it clearly in the end.He just patted Yuki on the head: "Okay... You probably still don't understand it now. Just remember it. You will use it someday."

The profound internal strength involves neuroscience, linguistics, mathematics, and information science. It is a masterpiece in these fields, and it is the supreme magic method for human beings to use their own cognitive ability to control the mighty power of computers.If one's inner strength is practiced to the top, one must know the wisdom that has shone in history.

But that's what the "top" needs.

The reason Xiang Shan came up with a sudden idea to force-feed Yuki this was because of the sudden increase in memory.

He is straightening out the scattered knowledge in his memory through teaching.

Just like at the beginning, his partners taught each other to make progress.

Now it seems that the effect may not be very good...

At this time, Yuan Wenren came over: "Senior, can you talk about this question in depth?"

At this time, several people were crowded inside the "mule".The soundproofing of this place is okay.The source of the news is also listening.

For those who are older and have a higher level of knowledge, what Xiang Shan said can be said to tickle the itch.Although she didn't know the specific meaning of these contents, she could vaguely realize that this piece of lost history from before the sublimation war pointed directly to the inner strength road.

These specific contents are now difficult to see.Most knights can only see its scaly claws through "word of mouth".

No one told Yuan Wenren what happened between Xiangshan and Tao Enhai in the encirclement.The original reporter did not know the specific identity of Xiang Shan.But at this moment, she wished she could throw herself at Xiang Shan.

The traditional culture of chivalrous men comes from the group of Tuo Shi.Therefore, chivalrous men are very advocating to teach each other.But human energy is limited after all.Knights mostly conduct guerrilla warfare in the form of lone wolves, so there are not many opportunities for one-on-one systematic explanations.

Xiang Shan was silent again for a moment, then sighed.

(End of this chapter)