cite Han

Chapter 452 Confessions
The "chaju system" was implemented in the selection of scholars in the Han Dynasty. Liu Bang, the great ancestor, issued an edict to seek talents, asking the prefectures to recommend sages and doctors with the ability to govern the country, which was the beginning of the "chaju system".

Later, Emperor Hui and Empress Lu took it a step further, edicting "Filial piety and Litian".

The real "examination system" was born in the hands of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, the edicts were "virtuous and upright", and the prefectures and counties were "filial and honest, scholar (maocai)". Talents have greatly expanded the scope of the country's selection of materials.

Although Xianliang, Fangzheng and other central special subjects selected scholars intermittently and did not form a regular system, they continued for hundreds of years. Zeng Ju Xianliang Founder.

The "inspection system" created by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty selected scholars, in addition to the imperial edict "virtuous and upright", the prefecture and state inspectors "filial piety and integrity", and the Taixue "establishment of disciplines".

At that time, Dong Zhongshu, a great Confucian, pointed out in "A Good Policy for the Virtuous": "The greatest supporter of scholars is the Taixue. Taixue, the focus of the wise men, is also the origin of education."

Dong Zhongshu not only regarded Taixue as a place for cultivating talents, but also as a means of promoting enlightenment and a base for bureaucratic selection.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, and then "established a doctor of the Five Classics, opened up disciples, set up department shooting strategies, and persuaded them to use official salary."

The so-called subject-based shooting strategy is to write the content of the exam in a brief plan, and divide it into A and B according to the difficulty of the questions.

When Wang Mang was in power, he changed A and B into A, B and C. 40 people in A were awarded to doctors; 20 in B were awarded to Prince Sheren; .

After Guangwu rejuvenated the Han Dynasty, the system of A and B two subjects was restored, and then there were repeated changes, such as the adoption of the "two-year-old one test" custom, the abolition of the name of A and B, and no limit on the number of people, etc.

It's a pity that this method of selecting scholars is at best the same as the virtuous founder, and it is only a supplement to the selection of scholars by the state.

Filial piety and honesty and talent are the most important in the country, and at the same time the most important way to become an official. This is also the root cause of the prevalence of folk villages in this dynasty.

After all, to be promoted as Xiaolian and Maocai, one must first have the virtues known in the village, which requires the comments of celebrities to make them famous.

So cunning and mediocre people, either use means, or rely on their families, to influence township reviews, gain fame, and then become officials. Just now there is a nursery rhyme well-known to women and children: "To be a scholar, I don't know the book. To be a filial piety, my father lives away. Han Su is clear, white and turbid like mud, Gao Diliang will be as timid as a chicken."

People of insight such as Chen Fan and Huang Wan once wanted to rectify the ethos of the procuratorate, but they were dismissed from office and even imprisoned because of infringing on the interests of the powerful.

To put it bluntly, the nine-rank Zhongzheng system is nothing more than the state taking the power of character evaluation from the hands of the people to the state.

It's a pity that this is not a cure for the symptoms at all. The power of character evaluation is finally monopolized by the gentry, so that at the beginning of the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Wei Guan, Liu Yi, Sima Liang and others wrote a letter requesting that they hinder the promotion of talents. Abolishing the Jiupin Zhongzheng System, Sima Yan finally did not agree because of the need for governance.

Liu Jing became an official because of his "cultivation to support customers" and "quality letters to save neighbors", and he became an official in Changsha. He is a beneficiary of rural criticism.

However, as a person of later generations who is familiar with the historical process, he knows very well that it is a wrong way to select scholars by rank, and the nine-rank Zhongzheng system is on this wrong way, going further and further.

History has proved that the imperial examination system is the right way. Liu Jing can learn from the imperial examination system and improve the official examination courses so as to pave the way for the real imperial examination system in the future.

Song Zhong heard that Liu Jing intended to refer to Taixue and shoot policies to select scholars. He nodded and said, "Scholars are the way to control chaos, and the great teachings of saints. It has been more than ten years since Liu Jingzhou established a school in Chuping. , there are not a few people who have achieved something in their studies, and they are enough to share the country's worries."

Liu Jing smiled and said to Song Zhong, Qi Wukai, Sima Hui and others: "Then I would like to ask you, sir, to select the "Five Classics". The final ranking will be determined by interview strategies, of which 20 people from Section A will serve as the shogunate, and 80 people from Section B will make up for the prefectures and counties."

Speaking of this, Liu Jing paused, and then said: "Although the study of Confucian classics is the foundation of the country, the laws of the Han family are originally mixed with kings and domineers. In addition to mastering the classics, it is better to add a subject of Mingfa."

Mingfa is a kind of national special science. National special science is not only virtuous and upright, but also Mingfa, Mingjing, literature, and even Mingbing, Mingyin and Yang disasters and so on.

Therefore, although Song Zhong, Qi Wukai, Sima Hui and others were a little surprised by Liu Jing's addition of the Ming Law, they did not speak out against it.

Liu Jing then discussed the specific details with Song Zhong, Qi Wukai, Sima Hui and others, then got up and walked out of the lobby, boarded the grand podium, faced thousands of students sitting around the ground, and said slowly: "You are all excellent scholars in the country. They are in official schools, so they don't have to worry about taxes and duties. They drink wine and compose poems, and travel all day long."

Students of government schools have no worries about taxation and service. They neither pay taxes (poll tax) nor serve in military service (labor labor). This is a privilege bestowed on them by the state.Therefore, the number of Tai students has increased from a few thousand to more than [-], so within the four seas, schools are like forests, full of schools.

When Liu Jing said this, it was quite ironic. From Song Zhong down, the teachers and students of the official school all looked at each other, and the scene was dead silent.

Liu Jing solemnly glanced at the audience, and continued: "The ancients said: 'If you are poor, you will be good for yourself, and if you are rich, you will benefit the world. , the people are devastated, and they are left outside the world?"

"I was born in the south of the Yangtze River, and I have never been in war. I was stubborn when I was young, and I didn't ask for deep understanding in reading. When I got older and saw the misery in the world, I began to have the heart to revive the Han Dynasty and clarify the ambition of the universe. Even though I was in the market, I didn't understand Change your mind, Zhang Changsha valued it, and became the magistrate of Ling County."

"After the civil strife in Jingzhou, for a few years, Changsha Luluoqiu ruins, fields were filthy, and the people were in dire straits. In order to save the people of Changsha from the fire and water, they raised troops angrily, quelled the turmoil, and restored Jingnan. Today, Nanping Jiaoyu, North Jingzhou, A place of thousands of miles, with a hundred thousand armors, is enough to show one's will."

"I am here today to open the first class and second class to select scholars, select handsome men, and help the country with me. "Yi" says: "The way of a gentleman, either comes from or comes from, or speaks silently." Confucius said: "A gentleman Well, Yun Boyu, if the state has the way, you can be an official, and if the state has no way, you can roll up and cherish it. "If you think that I can still assist, you might as well shoot and measure my talents, and I will be in the department of A and B. At that time, I will be in the state department. In the middle, sweep the couch to welcome you."

(End of this chapter)