Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1114 Shangguo Mentality ([-])
With the development of industry and commerce in Dashun, the division of labor in the commodity economy, the reform of Jiangsu, foreign trade, the impact of the West, Confucianism can not guide the current reality and a series of problems.

And the special situation that Liu Yu carried out the salt reform in Huainan, the headquarters of the Taizhou School.

The successors of these two schools finally came together and made an attempt.

In this attempt, the chemical reaction between the two schools presents a very delicate and interesting state.

A little "small" disagreement in education, Confucian orthodoxy, government affairs, and small social attempts in ideology.

Yan Li school is against the imperial examination.

It is believed that the imperial examination system cannot select talents.

What should we do?

The institutional conception of their school can be summed up in two sentences.

school education.

Officials and officials as a whole.

The son of a villager, if he reaches the age of eight, will be selected to enter the village school.If you are smart, you can start school at the age of five; if you are sick, you can postpone it, but no more than ten years old at the latest.

Rural schools conduct enlightenment education, and learn basic knowledge such as etiquette, character recognition, and arithmetic.

Rural school is a day-study system, living at home.

Five years later, at the age of 13, outstanding graduates from the township school were selected to enter the county school.

Study in the county for another five years.

Every [-]st or [-]th day there are lessons, [-]rd and [-]th day rituals, [-]th and [-]th day singing and music, and [-]th and [-]th day archery.Of course, with the development of the times, astronomy, geography, water conservancy, physics, and agronomy are all advocates of learning.

The scriptures are divided into eight categories in total, and one science can be selected from the scriptures.

The county school must be a boarding system, even if you live next to the school, you must live on campus.

In the county school, I learned eighteen.An examination and selection is being conducted.

Select the outstanding ones and enter the county school.County students are allowed to repeat their studies, but they are only allowed to repeat their studies for one year.

After the county school enters the county school, the county school is regarded as a preparatory course for the provincial school, and it only takes three months.

It is mainly to examine whether there was cheating before, whether each item is qualified, and whether the morality is up to standard.

The county school was admitted to the provincial school, and after the assessment, they were selected and sent to the central imperial school. Their school was named Sungkyunkwan.

Those who achieve uniformity are taken from "Zhou Rituals" [the lack of adult talent, the unevenness of uniform customs] also.

There are a total of twelve majors, or twelve subjects.

After completing their studies at Sungkyunkwan, they were assigned to various counties.

In the county government of each county, I practiced for three years.According to their respective professions, they serve as "officials" of the county government.

After the three-year internship period, according to the performance during the internship period, they will be selected as official officials.

Those who have not gone through three years of grass-roots internships cannot become officials.

And those who are still unable to enter the school after the re-study period, can learn some other professional skills, such as medicine, manufacturing, crafts, utensils, etc.

It should be said that the idea is good.

This is also the reason why the proposal of the Yan Li School to fully resume school education and cancel the imperial examination was not recognized by the imperial court after the reform of the imperial examination in Dashun had problems.

The idea is good.

However, the court had no money.

How much does it cost to do this?
The eight-year-old enrollment system for rural schools, the 13-year-old county school selection system, and the [-]-subject specialization system have been rolled out across the country. Does the imperial court have a golden mountain?

The fiscal and taxation system is here, and the control at the grassroots level is such a reality. The land is in the hands of the gentry, and the tax revenue is not much at all. After a few battles, water control, and disaster relief, the treasury will bottom out. How can there be money? Engage in such school education?
The Yan-Li School is not a fantasy. They said it when the Dashun imperial examination was reformed.No money, land reform.

But the situation is such a situation, and in the end it just doesn't matter.

Of course, this is also the reason why their school and Liu Yu do not deal with each other, and the two sides ridicule each other, but they have a good relationship and sometimes praise each other.

Because Liu Yu's new learning is basically such a similar system.

It's just that the major is different from their twelve majors.

However, the overall thinking of entering school at the age of eight, selecting students from primary schools to junior high schools, and selecting professional schools or science academies from junior high schools is basically the same.

Moreover, the most important thing is that Liu Yu's new learning system also attaches great importance to practice.

Their school is against the kind of Confucian scholars who "sit quietly and understand", and the essence of the school is "movement".

Yan Yuan gave a few simple examples, saying that it’s like a dish, if you describe its taste in a book, it’s better to try it yourself; it’s like learning music, if you read it every day with a theoretical book, it’s better to talk about it and sing it yourself .

Learning and learning is the most important thing.To comprehend the truth in practice, instead of sitting there meditating and pondering the mind.

In addition, such as the salt tax, the reformed currency system, the status of merchants, etc., the two sides basically agree with each other's ideas.

And the things other than these are partly the deep-rooted hierarchical system and feudal dross, and there are differences between the two sides on this point.

On the other hand, these people have more radical ideas than Liu Yu.

An example would be a capital gains tax on businessmen.

For example, they are extremely anti-religious, but believe that the root of the religious problem is "not controlling the people's permanent property, which leads to the people's homelessness; and the people's homelessness, which leads to the proliferation of Buddhism", but the control of the people's permanent property cannot solve it for the time being, so-" Monks and nuns over the age of 60 are allowed to exist. Those under the age of 60 who do not return to lay life will be killed."

For example, we have a similar attitude towards the issue of religious people in the Northwest—those who respect the laws of the country, follow the holy religion, and change their customs will be granted citizenship.Those who do not want to be deported.Those who neither leave my land nor respect my law will be killed.

Prostitutes, prostitutes, etc., should be banned immediately, let them learn from female celebrities, and earn their own living, and make sure they change their past.

This is a normal radical, but what is more interesting is their school's original attitude towards other types of people.

One is Western missionaries, who believe that those who can teach calendar, arithmetic, and make astronomical instruments can stay.Preacher, kill.

This is a more practical idea.It can be seen that his school is radical, but not so brainless.

And this problem was also accompanied by the appearance of Liu Yu, and the division between Western learning and practical learning was resolved, so their attitude towards Liu Yu was also very subtle.

The other kind... It embodies a very progressive idea.

Such as beggars.

The Yan-Li School is very progressive and believes that there is no need for special legislation for beggars.Rather, as long as the country develops normally and the people own everything and have their own business, then beggars will naturally disappear; and if special legislation is made to deal with beggars, it will be putting the cart before the horse and cannot solve it at all.

Looking at this point alone, coupled with their judgment that the expansion of religion is due to poor people's livelihood, the relationship between Liu Yu and them is enough to ridicule each other but not too rigid.

Of course, this is only their good side, and there must be a lot of bad things.But I can think of these few steps, which is already quite good.

Now in reality, they definitely want their own set of ideas to be used in their village experiments.

Religious issues, heresy issues, and prostitute issues, of course, do not exist in the village community.

Businessmen's capital business income tax issues, they have no chance to practice.

However, the rural school system can be practiced.

However, the educational philosophy of the Yan Li School to cultivate qualified "scholars", that is, qualified reserve bureaucrats, and the civilianization of Confucianism of the Taizhou School have led to some strange problems.

People from the Yan-Li School are considered...technical "bureaucrats" in the village community.

The group of people from the Taizhou School started with the popularization of Confucianism and controlled ideology.

The group of people who governed the village, taught agriculture, and organized water conservancy projects belonged to the Yan-Li School.

It is the successor of the Taizhou school that propagates and teaches the mystical Confucianism of the civilian religion of the magic reform in the countryside, and grasps the ideology of the village community from the bottom up.

Many things, such as the previous large-scale infrastructure construction, the construction of canals, and the group of people from the Yan-Li School did not work very well.

It still has to rely on the group of people from the Taizhou School to come forward and organize the people.

People of the Yan Li School, in the village community, are either studying in the village or in charge of affairs, or they are like Meng Songlu, traveling to the north and south of the Yangtze River to borrow money and learn practically.

People of the Taizhou School, in the village community, are either singing poems in the countryside or telling stories, teaching the way of sanctification in the countryside on the ridges of the fields, and they are the kind that can be understood by illiterate commoners.

People of the Yan Li School spend their energy on education for young children who enter school after the age of eight. They have learned the basic knowledge, but after returning home, the people who come into contact with the group at home are all those of the Taizhou School. The Yan-Li School is a heretical theory.

In Cheng Tingzuo's words, when these children grow up, do you think they are from the Yan Li school or the Taizhou school?
An eight-year-old child can only be enlightened, and it is impossible to study Confucianism systematically; but when he enters the "county school" at the age of 13 to formally study Confucian classics, his mind has long been filled with the thoughts of the mind after the transformation of the civilians.

In other dynasties, or at other times, this matter is actually not a big deal.

There is an opinion in their school, such as Wang Yuan, who thinks that the dispute between clans can actually be like this:

"Cheng Zhu can do it, and Lu Wang can do it. But the key is that you don't need Cheng Zhu or Lu Wang, and you can even say what you do. We can just focus on economic articles."

The meaning is also very simple.

Although we criticize Cheng Zhu and Lu Wang, we basically hope that the world will not "must be Cheng Zhu and must be Lu Wang".

As long as you can understand the true meaning of Confucianism, be a gentleman, be a person with high morals and words and deeds, then this person is considered a true Confucianism.

Now that there are so many problems in the world, we should focus on practical learning, the most practical, basic and useful knowledge in the world.

Although this is not the mainstream thought of the school, it does have a certain influence. After all, the specialty of the Yan-Li School is really not the construction of superstructures, such as qi, infinity, and Tao.

This is similar to Qian Daxin's evaluation of Dai Zhen: Your specialty is not fixing these things at all. If you insist on fixing these things, it is not easy to criticize you.

But the problem is that this is this time, not normal time.

First of all, focusing on economics, academics, and practical studies, some people in Dashun have already carried the banner, and their school really can't carry this banner now-if it is a "normal" situation, their school will definitely It's the one against the banner of real learning, but it's not normal now.

Secondly, it is Dashun's "prosperity" crisis.

The Yan-Li School feels that they still need to complete the upper-level construction and try their best to solve the crisis of this prosperous age, so that Confucianism can guide reality and be universal in the world.

Now that someone else has taken up the banner of practical learning, his own school still needs to do more ideological things, so that it can be matched with the reforms they envisioned, so that it is justified.

If the level is really not enough, that's all. Maybe they all switch to new learning and practical learning.

However, although their Confucianism theory is not as good as those who entered the Confucian temple to accompany them, they are really not inferior, and they are also outstanding people for a while.

There is no need to have a sense of mission to save the nation and survive, so project this sense of mission onto the ideological crisis of Confucianism in the prosperous age.

It is necessary to figure out a system, including the political construction of a series of issues such as the official system, education, schools, governance, land system, and industrial and commercial system.

It is also necessary to use the opportunity of recalling the sages, questioning Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, and researching the classics to introduce new theories that can guide reality, self-consistent with their reform ideas, and able to solve the upper-level theories within the cultural circle of the world.

In this case, the relationship between them and the successors of Taizhou School is quite delicate.

This kind of subtlety seems to be able to solve many practical problems-the scholar class, learn professional, orthodox, and systematic Confucianism; the common people, engage in this kind of mystical and religious civilian Confucianism, making it similar to the local Buddhism after the magic reform Things like Guanyin.

But in fact, it doesn’t work, because the idea of ​​Yan Li School is to pass a comprehensive school education from Basui Township to Sungkyunkwan, and the official orthodox learning is designated by the government. This is the real way to maintain the world.

But the reality is that their vision of comprehensive school education, maintaining great unity and a unified national and world consciousness cannot be realized because they have no money.

Of course, the Dashun court still recognized the educational philosophy of their school.

Because the Liangjia sub-system of Dashun's basic system is a variant of this school system.Although it is called the Sanshe method in name, it is actually more similar to their school's set of things.They all learn from childhood and are selected to enter school.

But because of this, the Dashun court also knew very well how much it would cost to roll out this set of things in an all-round way.

Moreover, the official culture established by the imperial court has always been short of things and cannot be integrated into a complete system.

So this is back to the first step. They feel that they still need to build the system first and get rid of the root cause.

(End of this chapter)