Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1123 Township Covenant Village Society ([-])

In addition to these more general things, Zhao Liben's second brother is also quite dissatisfied with the matter of "children going to school".

The Yan-Li school seized the administrative power of the township society and resolutely implemented the idea of ​​entering primary school at the age of eight.

But enrolling in school means that you need to spend on education.

Education expenditure, this money does not fall from the sky, but still has to rely on the people of the township commune to pay for the operation of the township school.

Originally, studying, taking imperial examinations, being an official, and glorifying one's ancestors are all common perceptions in Chinese families.

But the problem lies in the group of people from the Yan-Li school who are in charge of administrative power and implement the educational philosophy in the village community.

According to their ideas, the result is that the people in the township communes generally feel that reading is useless.

What is reading for?

What is study for?

This is closely related to the educational philosophy of "True Confucianism" of the Yan-Li School.

This group of people from the Yan Li School, a few at the bottom, really have the level of the imperial examination.

People like Li Wei, who were poor at the age of 20, couldn't continue to study full-time, so they went to study medicine and sell medicine.While working as a doctor, he read and studied at the same time, and some articles raved about Song Confucianism. By the way, when he was 30 years old, he took part in a provincial examination and was able to pass the exam.

When Yan Yuan was carrying out the reform of the school-based education at Zhangnan Academy, he also thought that if the whole school was really divided into school-based education, the number of students enrolled would definitely drop sharply.It's useless to take the imperial examination, go to Mao's academy?Therefore, even if the education of dividing the fast is carried out, there is still a special division of Tie Kuo Zhai, which can be regarded as a compromise of reality.

Tie Kuo Zhai is to teach such things as "skills for writing essays with full marks in stereotyped essays", "a scholar in three years, and a middle school in five years".

In fact, there are quite a few people in their school who have test-taking skills.In rural schools, let’s engage in this kind of professional examination education. In fact, it’s not that no one can teach it.

Among other things, while studying medicine and selling medicines, you can win a person who got a high score by the way. It is definitely not good to have a set of similar "three-year scholar, five-year high school" and other public examination skills. questionable.

However, Li Wei's thinking, in the words of later generations, is that in his 30s, he may still be a little "secondary school".

He took the exam to prove that "I can, but I don't care."

After the exam, because he opposed the imperial examination, he refused to continue to take the exam after he won the exam.

Moreover, the ideas of his school are really a bit...too idealistic.

Or, the imperial court carried out a comprehensive education reform, popularized primary education, used the Sanshe method similar to Wang Anshi's to carry out school education, and trained qualified soldiers who could fight wars when mounted and farmed when dismounted.

Or, refuse to participate in the imperial examination selection.

To some extent, although their school has some weird ethos of "too hard, ink-like, and taking pleasure in suffering" that led to the annihilation of the school; and although their own philosophical construction cannot be closed; Attitudes, as well as the irreconcilable contradictions between fasting education and imperial examinations are closely related.

What is reading for?
It's not for being an official, who the hell is suffering for ten years?

As a result, you spend a lot of time on education.

It is necessary to talk about preserving Confucianism, encourage practice, and get rid of the traps of hometown vows, Zen, exegesis, and quotes; respect the mind of heaven, learn economics, and mediate opportunities for talents, political affairs, orthodoxy, and aura.

Even subjects such as horseback riding, archery, martial arts, and knife skills still take up a day within ten days.There is no imperial examination, people are busy reading scriptures these days, you go to exercise, barbaric physique, isn't that bullshit?
How to compete with other people's professional study of scriptures?
Well, if it wasn't for Liu Yu's sudden appearance, in fact, with Dashun's environment and the teaching philosophy of the Yan-Li School, it would still be able to attract some people.

When Li Wei was 30 years old, he saw the "dragon tail car", that is, the "Archimedes screw pump", and spent three or four years studying this thing and the method of measuring the sky. .

Including Liu Xiangkui, who caused great disasters in history because of his private collection of banned books, he also began to try to add the practical learning from the West to the "Fenzhai culture".

With the rise of Liu Yu's New Reality School, their school has become particularly embarrassing.

Many ideas of their school, Liu Yu actually helped them "realize their dreams".

For example, when it comes to water transportation, their schools, led by Li Cheng and others, are all resolutely "abandoning water transportation and promoting sea transportation, so that the Yellow River can be governed".

It also includes the ideas conceived by Li Wei, Wang Yuan and others of "dig the Huai River's access to the sea, stop water transportation, cancel Shushui sand washing, excavate Hongze, seven parts into the sea, and three parts into the river" and so on.

Even, including the idea of ​​Wang Yuan, Li Wei and others, to develop the Northeast and build the Northeast into a commodity grain base-their idea of ​​this issue stems from their belief that the capital really needs a large amount of commodity grain.And as long as the capital needs commodity grain, water transportation is a big deal.If the Northeast can provide the commodity grain needed by the capital, then it is a very simple process to strike the waste canal—and around the development of the Northeast, the idea of ​​setting up special tax-registered soldiers of Liangjiazi blood of the village community.

Basically, almost all achieved.Dashun realized some of it himself, such as the blood taxation of soldiers from good families and the promotion of the status of good families.

Wang Yuan, who is quite radical, thinks that those under the age of 60 will be killed if they don't return to the vulgar, and the religious people in the Northwest will be killed if they don't change their customs. Citizenship, second only to agriculture, is one level higher than business and industry, that is, it is almost the same as that of a good family, and it is necessary to set up professional blood tax bureaus, military villages and villages in sparsely populated areas such as the Northeast, Northwest, and Western Regions.

After Liu Yu appeared, a series of reforms also realized many of the remaining ones.

Even the thinking is similar, although some policies are utopian, but in some policies, they really see the problem, and they have a real understanding of the relationship between water transportation, governance, and commodity grain, and use this as a problem analysis to solve.

Although their schools are small in number, they have unique ideas, so they still have great influence in the academic world.

In the original history, when compiling "History of Ming Dynasty" and Sikushu, Fang Bao, in order to prevent his school from participating in compiling Ming history and compiling books, relied on news monopoly, saying that Li Wei was seriously ill and could not participate, so as to prevent his school from further expanding its influence.

Therefore, this school, which has a small number of people, is not mainstream in thought, has loopholes in philosophy, but has many meaningful ideas in fact, is itself an embarrassing existence.

Their advantages have been taken away by others, leaving only disadvantages.

Along with Dashun and Liu Yu's series of reforms, it led to a major split in the Yan-Li School.

Basically, it is divided into three factions: left, center and right.

On the left side, Chen Liang continued the radical thought of "When you achieve success, you are virtuous", and all of them voted for Liu Yu's practical school.

Either join the army, or study astronomy and arithmetic, or study agronomy and physics.

They basically abandoned the idea of ​​inner sage and outer king.

The one on the right is basically following Ye Shi's idea of ​​"returning to the rituals after meritorious deeds", linking doing things with returning to the rituals, and taking the road of inside and outside.

The school in the middle is the orthodox school of the Yan-Li School.

They opposed the imperial examination system, but they also opposed Liu Yu's divided education, because Liu Yu's divided education made the status of the Book of Rites and Music too low.

They opposed the idea that work must be restored, but they sharply criticized a series of problems in Liu Yu's reform process-including the abolition of the canal and the use of sea transportation. It is difficult to accept the many problems in the process. I think the result of Liu Yu's work is right, but the pain in the process should not appear.

They opposed land annexation, believing that land equalization was the most benevolent government in the world; but they also opposed uprisings, believing that their vision of "only farmers have land" could be realized through improvement.

They supported the development of industry and commerce, but expressed great dissatisfaction with Liu Yu's reforms in Jiangsu, which caused a severe impact on the countryside. They believed that Liu Yu was not solving the problem, but eliminating tenants.

They support Confucianism and believe that Confucianism is the right way and the holy way; but they firmly oppose reading only the classics, saying that only reading the classics makes people stupid.

They think that reading scriptures is "unhelpful" and they don't spend so much time reading scriptures. If you have this time, it is better to read practical books such as "Taixi Water Law"; but they firmly oppose Liu Yu's practical education , completely squeezed out the time for rites and classics, and music learning is not serious enough, and the knowledge of classics and books should only be learned from Chinese texts.

They supported Liu Yu's many reforms, and praised the abolition of corvée after Jiangsu's reform; but they firmly opposed Liu Yu's comprehensive currency reform, especially his refusal to collect taxes in kind, believing that this led to the exploitation of farmers by the merchant class, because The pricing power is not in the hands of farmers, merchants can lower the price of grain, but farmers have to sell grain at a lower price in order to pay taxes.

They support the great development of Nanyang and Kanto, laying a solid material foundation for Dashun's comprehensive abolition of the canal; but they also oppose Liu Yu's tariff policy for grain tax exemption, thinking that such a pitfall will be accompanied by the abolition of tax in kind and the full implementation of silver The bottom people under the tax reality.

The radical faction on the left has all gone to Liu Yu’s practical school; the Fuli faction on the right has basically returned to the exegesis that Yan Yuan opposed most, trying to follow the Bible and destroy the false Confucianism of the Song Dynasty. Merit and return to ritual, from the outside to the inside.

The remaining faction in the middle is quite embarrassing.

The faction on the right devoted itself to exegesis, textual research, and Han classics. The level of Confucianism continued to be maintained, and the problems in the imperial examinations were never big.

The left faction completely abandoned the inner sage and the outer king, and concentrated on practical studies. Before the lunar distance method and longitude table, a group of people on the left of the Yan Li School are also the main force of Confucianism.They themselves firmly oppose the current imperial examination system, and insist that as long as the imperial examination system is not reformed, they will never take the imperial examination.

The middle group feels uncomfortable.

In the imperial examination, for the sake of educational philosophy, if you don’t study full-score essays around the clock, the imperial examination is not dominant.

Practical learning and practical learning, for the sake of Confucianism, can't compete with the group of people who have accepted the new type of practical learning and systematic education since childhood.

I can't be an official.

As a clerk and an apprentice in a new profession, you won't win the paper.

Just like many people ridiculed some practical exams for selecting talents, saying that they use the questions of the imperial examination to select talents. As an artillery company commander, he can look up the meter.You don’t check the meter when you start shooting, but calculate it on the spot?
Like Zhao Liben's second brother, he doesn't have such high ideals. It is right to improve the overall quality of the people for the sake of the country and the world, and to popularize education.

I grow the land myself, and part of the income from the land is used as the funds for the rural school; the child starts to live in school at the age of ten, to cultivate the relationship between classmates, and there is no way to help the family with work.

Every year when the grain is harvested, the people at the meeting will first take away the grain from the Xiangxue, just like a landlord collecting rent.

Coupled with the heavy infrastructure construction in the past few years.

If there is no resentment in my heart, that is a strange thing.

Again, farming requires labor.Those enclosures don’t need so much labor because those enclosures completed their primitive accumulation earlier, and can invest capital to buy things like cattle and horses, plowshares, ear cutters, etc.; they can hire idlers seasonally when picking cotton .

Here, let's take the simplest matter of "laying grass to prevent anti-salt" as an example. If children in school can work in the fields, can they spread more grass and raise more land?

If the children are not allowed to go to school, and the money for "rural education" is not used from the land income, will it be possible to buy cattle and horses after a few years of accumulation?
The idea of ​​Zhao Liben's second brother essentially represents the idea of ​​most of the villagers in the village: abolish the rural school, cancel the education fee of the rural school, and let the children work as laborers to farm the land.

Since reading can't change your destiny, you can't take the imperial examination, and you can't test the practical staff, so what's the use of studying?Go home and help with farming.

In their view, religious churches are much more important than rural studies.

(End of this chapter)