Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1176: Year of Enlightenment Leap Forward
This kind of debate is of course also a kind of Enlightenment.

It's just that Russia's ruling method and aristocratic power made it impossible for the tsar to kill all kinds of opinions, and they were all his own people.And the serfs who squatted in the village commune and had hardly seen the outside world except for fighting, naturally had no chance to participate in this debate.

Therefore, it was predictable that the tsar could not solve the problem, and because the people who were all relatives and related households could not solve the problem, there would inevitably be a debate like raising a gu.

The moderate faction will eventually be annihilated under the various extremist factions of the Gu-raising style, and it is not a big problem to blow up to death in the end.

And Lomonosov's second memorial, we can see the signs of this extreme.

At this time, it is impossible for most universities in Europe not to have a theology department.

The Academy of Dijon, including Rousseau's essay writing, was established only after the "imperial" approval of Pope Innocent XIII.

On the British side, the predecessor of Columbia University was also approved this year, and this university was a pure seminary; the Princeton University established by the colony itself was also a standard training course for the elders of the Aurora Presbyterian Church.

This request to approve the establishment of Moscow University and at the same time request that Moscow University not set up a seminary at all is extremely radical in itself, even to the point of shocking the world in Europe.

Lomonosov attached a small poem to the memorial.

[All kinds of magical science, across mountains, seas and rivers.Science reached out to Russia and said to the great monarch: Science is willing to do its best to hand over the new results of pure wisdom to the people of Russia]

In the request for running the school below this little poem, Lomonosov suggests:
Universities do not have departments of theology.At the beginning of its establishment, the Department of Law, the Department of Philosophy, the Department of Medicine, and the Department of Mathematical Physics were set up.

The University admits students from all tax brackets.

Universities set up preparatory classes for under-educated non-aristocratic students, including serfs, who received education in preparatory classes before transferring to universities, so as to prevent noble disciples from monopolizing university places.

These bold proposals were approved, and quickly created a flourishing, and perhaps ephemeral, scene.

It's hard to say whether it was a success or a failure.

For Lomonosov, he never denied that he was a peasant's child without noble status, and regarded this as a symbol of Russia's escape from ignorance.

However, under his school-running philosophy and the enlightenment trend of thought he tried to create, he was the first batch of beneficiaries.

For example, the famous painter of serf origin, Fyodor Rokotov.

When he entered the Petersburg Academy of Arts, he was still a serf.

When he graduated from the academy and integrated into the upper class circle, there was soon a rumor that "he is the illegitimate son of a certain nobleman" circulated in the upper class, especially after he finished painting the portrait of the queen, it was upgraded to "he is about like Perhaps the illegitimate son of Prince Golitsyn."

Well, in fact, Dashun's side is similar in form.

Since the Ming Dynasty, the compilation of genealogy has emerged in an endless stream.

But the form is similar, but the meaning is quite different.

China's history is too long, with the separation of surnames, and after Han Gaozu killed the snake, there has been a wave of class flow every 200 years.

Hundreds of surnames, from Zhao, Qian, Sun, Li, to Fifth Yanfu... Compiling the family tree upwards, which surname is not as prominent as three or five high-ranking officials?Even if it is the rare fifth surname, there are the fifth Lun of Da Sikong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the fifth Qi of Pingzhangshi under the door of Tang Tongzhong.

As far as Daming and Dashun are concerned, whatever your surname is, climb up and find an ancestor who was a high-ranking official or aristocrat, it just depends on how much you are willing to pay for the research of those students.

This thing, when everyone is a descendant of "noble" and "prominent", it means that everyone is not.

So, even though the form is similar, the substance is quite different.

But in any case, standard Russian grammar, and Moscow University without a seminary, are the opening signs of the Enlightenment with Russian characteristics.

Similarly, similar Enlightenment movements with national characteristics, relying on the traditions and histories of various countries, different economic foundations, and different situations are erupting in different forms in various countries.

in Prussia.

Frederick II was launching the "Conquest of Nature Movement" at this time, and wanted to use man's conquest of nature to obtain a new province without firing a single shot.

Developed canals, drained the Oder swamp, migrated a large number of small farmers to the Oder swamp area, brutally suppressed the fisherman class damaged in the Oder swamp drainage and reclamation movement, and added about [-] small farmers to Prussia class, and provided a stable source of soldiers and taxes.

Originally, Euler was responsible for the "measurement data, cost accounting and profit calculation" of the Oder Swamp Conquest Movement that relied on science to conquer nature.And now, the person in charge is the engineer von Himmler.

Science and mathematics are no longer embellishments on the king's crown, and they have left pure warfare, but have begun to be applied to the conquest of nature.

in Sweden.

Chambers, an employee of the Swedish East India Company who participated in the construction of the Dashun Academy of Sciences in Dashun, returned to Sweden, and at the request of the King of Sweden, served Queen Luvisa Eureka of Sweden in Denotinholm, a suburb of Stockholm. , built the "Chinese Palace" as a gift.

Of course, Chambers understands architecture but not etiquette, so the memories of Luvisa Eureka are quite strange-I was surprised to see a real mythical world... The guards wore Chinese costumes, the royal family The attendants were dressed as Chinese civil servants... The king arranged for a Chinese ballet performance, accompanied by Turkish music...

Although a normal Chinese cannot understand how this ballet performance and Turkish music are matched with the Chinese style.

But no matter what, under the situation of increasing exchanges between Dashun and Sweden, [China has become a drop of water that reflects the happiness of this era, the beautiful atmosphere, the prosperity of the country, and the pursuit of superior systems, because it is far away and between legends and reality. space, and a paradise that is easy to imagine].

Along with Luvisa Eureka's China Palace Luocheng, the cooperation between Dashun Western Trading Company and the Swedish company deepened.

The Enlightenment fabrication movement, which Liu Yu complained about as "the Enlightenment Fabrication of the Utopia Movement", which uses China to satirize current affairs, has already been bombarded by Rousseau in France and is still in the ascendant in Sweden, is also going on vigorously.

Including, but not limited to, selective excerpts of Tang laws and regulations, beautifying illusions about the imperial examination system, nonsense about the Chinese emperor's private visits and inspections of the people's suffering all day long, etc.

However, this kind of story similar to the blind man touching the elephant is very ironic in history.

Historically, there have been quite a few Chinese stories made up by the Swedes, even those who have been to China in Sweden caught a lot of them.

Similarly, during the Qianlong period of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in history, the Chinese who recorded the country of Sweden most clearly, clearly described the color of the national flag, the shape of the national flag, the land and products, the size of the area, how long it took to go to the Netherlands, and how long it took to go to the UK. The national flag is a Chinese with a blue flag and a yellow cross. , is a blind man, a blind man who is blind in the true sense, Xie Qinggao.

But in any case, the enlightenment movement in Sweden caused by the China Palace at this time was still carried out in a Swedish-style way.

For the remaining countries with strong Catholic traditions, such as Portugal and Spain, the enlightenment movement in their countries has also shown a turning point this year.

And this turning point also originated from the far east.

…………

Dashun, Songsu.

The grand preparations for the emperor's southern tour have already been prepared.

Tomorrow is the day of the parade, the weather is fine, and in Liu Yu's opinion, the largest battleship of Dashun with 99 guns is a waste of money and useless, and it is moored at the port as the flagship of the emperor's parade fleet tomorrow.

This broken ship can also be used in the Bohai Sea, but if it is really beaten to the Bohai Bay, it will be defeated in itself.

However, it is scary enough for such a large ship to be parked there.

Under the huge shadow of the warship, the heads of European diplomatic missions and companies stationed in China were quietly listening to Liu Yu conveying some decisions of the imperial court.

Of course, the court's decision was very simple.

There are two things.

The first thing is to restore the direct management of Macau, expel all the missionaries of the various missions of the Holy See, and require the Portuguese staying in Macau to either register as a householder or leave Macau within today.

The second thing is that Dashun will adopt a method similar to governing monks and Taoists to govern the Christians in China, including the Nanyang region.The Dashunli government will set up a special management agency to conduct official management of Christianity, and strictly control the issuance of ultimatums, and the internal promotion system will no longer have any relationship with the Holy See.

This is not a declaration of war against Portugal, Dashun just does not want to lease Macau to Portugal.

Of course, if Portugal thinks this is a declaration of war, they can choose to go to war after tomorrow's big review to defend what they think of as a "colony".

Naturally, the emperor does not need to announce this kind of thing, but the Li government may not understand the key point, so Liu Yu is responsible for solving this matter.

Since Dashun chose to dominate Nanyang and conquer India, the Macau issue is best resolved before the war.

Solving the problem does not mean conquering Macau, or anything like that.

That is simply not too simple.

Rather, how to solve the Christianity issue in Dashun.

Prohibition of religion is of course fruitful, but with openness and trade, as well as exchanges in the Southeast Asia and India regions, some things cannot be stopped.

Just like in Japan before, religious groups were banned so early, and various religious groups in Manila sneaked ashore every three days.

On Dashun's side, this association and that sect are also carrying out secret preaching in various places.

Besides, it's easy to talk about internally, but Nanyang and other places where Dashun can't achieve strict management, as well as many believers left before, must be resolved.

Simple prohibition, along with the continuous increase of Dashun's trade volume, the increasingly close exchanges between the East and the West, and the continuous development of preaching in the dark, can only be suppressed by simple prohibition.

Instead of letting them spread it quietly, it is better to find a special pit, put them all in, and domesticate them, otherwise it will be difficult to deal with the problem of Christians in Macau and Southeast Asia.

This is not as simple as deportation. After deportation, they will definitely go to Nanyang.Confucianism can't be spread in Nanyang, and the result of expulsion is that several military towns in Dashun will be dyed after a few years.

Moreover, there are still a lot of problems in Southeast Asia, India, and Luzon.Naturally, the core area of ​​the basic board should be strictly guarded against, but the peripheral area needs to be changed, an offensive rather than defensive approach.

(End of this chapter)