Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1269 Offensive and Defensive Psychology ([-])

However, will Britain send its navy to support Gibraltar?
In fact, a few months before the conflagration, there had been chaos and panic in London after Dashun's navy had appeared at Gibraltar and defeated Edward Boscone's fleet.

There are endless rumors that the Chinese will land in England with the French, and the exiled Jacobites, Catholics, Scots, and Irish, and will force every Anglican in England to convert to Catholicism or Buddhism or their Confucianism .

It was a troubled time, but misfortunes never come singly.

The old King George II's body had a big problem again.

After all, I am nearly 80 years old, and because of dietary problems, constipation is inevitable.The old king still hasn’t shown up for a long time. According to rumors, it was said that he used too much force when he pooped. It’s normal for someone in his [-]s to poop too hard. show up.

If Britain is not in a period of transition at this time, then by virtue of its political tradition, the old king is gone, and the new king will take over.

However, the reality is that the internal conflicts in Britain at this time are very intense.

The issue of the succession and handover of the king is not just a simple succession, but is likely to face a huge political purge.

Because, now in power, is the Whig Party.

The heir to the throne and the leader of the royal party next to the king's eldest grandson is John Stewart.

The labels on the body are really labeled: Socrates, Tories, royal power suppression partisans.

John Stewart's political thoughts were obtained from Viscount Bolingbroke, and he instilled Viscount Bolingbroke's political thoughts around the young grandson all the year round: a wise king, a patriotic king, abolishing parties, eliminating party disputes, and restoring traditions.

[Human beings are divided into two types: the ignorant common people, and a few noble elites.At this time when all classes are ungrateful for profit, self-interest is rampant, traditions are dying, and politics is dirty.Those who are of noble birth and outstanding ability should stand up and save the country from the dirty and corrupt, and replace them, and the country will be governed by people of high morality].

[Britain is dead, the pursuit of interests is everywhere, and those in power wantonly plunder wealth, too many books to write.All this is because the traditional spirit of freedom in England has died and withered]

[The return to the traditional British constitutional system and the principle of freedom must depend on the emergence of a great man, that is, a king who truly loves Britain, which is the only remaining hope for Britain]

[Only by relying on a real, great king who transcends partisanship, stands above all sects and parties, and can appoint wise and moral elites instead of choosing to govern because of the interests of parties, can change This corrupted nation, the ruined tradition can restore its lost virtues]

Basically, Viscount Bolingbroke hopes to restore the "traditional constitutional and liberal tradition" of Britain, which is similar to Voltaire's description of China, and he fabricated a fantasy tradition for Britain.

Because this is a Restoration Party, a Jacobite, a squire who is mixed with the usurper of the king's throne, and a person who has been defeated in several confrontations after being monopolized by the Whig Party. The tradition of the Whig Party was really only against the Whig oligarchy.

He does not support absolute monarchy.

But he believes that now that the Whig Party is in power, a real monarch who is above the party is needed to smash the Whig Party.

And the "traditional, noble and noble gentry" he advocated basically only existed in bullshit - all those who were politically unhappy, excluded, and unable to enter the court seemed to be all "virtuous, underappreciated, and petty." It is difficult for a person to be a gentleman, and a real gentleman dies in depression in the countryside.

All countries with factional struggles are pretty much the same.In terms of public opinion, those who gain power must be "villains", and those who lose party struggles must be "gentlemen".

As for the tradition he advocates, what exactly is it? It’s really abstract: good, moral, unselfish, dedicated... In short, all commendatory words are traditions.

In contrast to these commendatory words, they are all unconventional crimes, and the reason for the current chaos is that the traditions are completely lost...

This is not even new wine in old bottles. All countries talk like this. It is the same way when Zhongzheng Yingchao opposes the traitor party, this is the way when the old and new parties are fighting, and the restoration after the legal reform is still the same.

Of course, Bolingbroke's self-conscious view on the issue of party struggle can be regarded as a non-marginal view of many traditional elites in European countries at this time.

For example, Washington said: [The struggle is intensified due to the natural revenge psychology generated by the dispute between the two parties.In different ages and countries, this alternation of factions has committed repulsive crimes, and is itself a terrible despotism.]

For example, Jefferson said: [If I want to go to heaven with the party, I would rather not go to heaven].

For example, Condorcet said: [One of the basic needs of the French Republic is not to have political parties].

Of course, many of Viscount Bolingbroke's ideas at this time were instilled in George III, the grandson of the old king George II, who was about to succeed, because the old king was living in the hope that his son would die and his son would end. He really died before him, so the grandson succeeded him.

And it is rumored that George III may be used to replace the Duke of Newcastle and William Pitt's John Stuart... This, in the British market, can basically be understood as those rumors about Lu Buwei and Ying Zheng.

It is said that after the death of the crown prince, this person had a close relationship with the crown prince, that is, the mother of George III. It is not known whether it is true or not. Anyway, it was when the Treaty of Paris was signed during the Seven Years War in history. The paper man and stockings of him and the Queen Mother were publicly burned on the street-because it is true that when the Queen Mother was still the Crown Princess, people asked him what is the greatest advantage of John Stuart?The concubine Shizi said that he has a pair of slender legs, so why the stockings are burned is actually a metaphor for burning them.

This kind of relationship between men and women is not a big deal in the UK.

But John Stuart's political intentions have never been concealed.

[Cut off the political ties between Britain and Germany, destroy the oligarchy of the Whig family, maintain the king's dominance over the parliament, and create a political ecology in which a wise and wise king dominates the parliament instead of being dominated by party struggles].

Moreover, he has always believed that his cause is just.

Moreover, this idea is theoretically achievable.

Because, after so much trouble in the UK, a king who can speak English is finally ushered in!

And an English-speaking king is a prerequisite for cutting off the political ties between Britain and Germany.

Now George II is probably hanging because he pooped too hard, after all, he is in his eighties.

And the situation gradually became clear. Those British country parties, Tory parties, and aristocrats who were excluded from the circle of Whig oligarchs suddenly became active, and began to support George III who had not yet succeeded to the throne, and began to attack William Pitt. policy.

Said that Peter's many attacks on the French coast cost a lot of money, and he got nothing but his own face and honor, and he also formulated a special mocking phrase [breaking windows with gold guineas] for him.

The idiot who smashed other people's glass with a golden lock.

It is said that Dashun's attack on India was all because of William Pitt's aggressive maritime empire policy, which made "because of the radical policy in India, which aroused the vigilance and panic of the Chinese Empire, so they chose to attack India. If it were not for such a radical policy, The Chinese Empire will not send troops to India."

Even making some human, disgraceful, bodily handicap irony about him: he's just a ventilated, depressive cripple...

Etc., etc.

Although, in fact, from the perspective of the Dashun General Staff, it is of great significance that William Pitt spent a lot of money to attack the French mainland and attempted a failed landing, which forced the French to divide their main fleet capable of fighting into several In order to protect their coastline and avoid being attacked by public opinion - Dashun is very aware of this, because at the end of Ming Dynasty, when the peasant army wanted to mobilize the Ming army, they would attack cities with vassal kings.

Essentially, not much difference.Although France does not have a vassal city, the French court struggles made the Minister of State have to resist the backlash of public opinion, and had to make a wrong strategy to disperse troops and prevent the British landing.

However, once this kind of strategic correctness is used by the opposition as a reason to attack, it is the real thing [breaking windows with gold guineas].

As for the real reasons for their opposition, or the deep-seated class factors, later generations of Lao Ma have already pointed it out in an article analyzing the Tories and Whigs.

They are laudatores temporis acti [admirers of the past], tradition, conscience...but in fact, they are fanatical supporters of land rent.

The reason why they are reluctant to part with the old British political system and religious system is that they have been relying on these traditions to rule the UK.

"Tory" is a holy name.It sounds like a political battle cry, a defender of tradition, a glorifier of the past.

But "protectionists" or "beneficiaries of land rent" are just mundane titles.

The difference between a Tory and the rest of the bourgeoisie is the difference between land rent and commercial profit.

Land rent is conservative, profit is progressive; land rent is national, profit is universal; land rent believes in the state religion, profit is born non-conformist...

As soon as these class issues are brought out, whether it is Viscount Bolingbroke or the Tories of John Stuart, the Tories, countrymen, countrymen, and traditionalists who support them have already I don't want to fight anymore.

Because they don't get benefits, and they don't get too many benefits.

Does sugar have anything to do with their land rent?

Does trade have anything to do with their land rent?

After Dashun joined the war, there might even be troubles in the wool trade in the future, and the land rent will definitely drop. What's the matter?
In the reform of the Whig Party, there are both land tax and consumption tax on tobacco, wine, sugar and tea. Most of these taxes actually fall on their heads.

Povor created a precedent for labeling political opponents. Whoever opposes the cabinet is a "Jabican".

Even Walpole himself knew—[Peace is the only way to win those squires moaning under the land tax from the Tory Party]—but war costs money and land tax is paid. The government's money does not come from strong winds, but also depends on taxes.

The main benefits of external expansion are obtained by the emerging bourgeoisie. How much benefit can these squires who live on land rent get?
The national debt has soared to 1 million pounds, which is equivalent to 5325 million taels of silver. Is it possible to reduce the land tax in the future when the national debt is repaid?

Previously, the Tories had limited support for the Duke of Newcastle and William Pitt, because they promised that after the war, the land tax would be cut, and the May [-] tax on land would be reduced to one fifteen.

However, now it seems possible?

The focus of the competition is those sugar-producing islands. How much benefit can these old-fashioned squires and conservative land-rent aristocrats rooted in the vast countryside of England get?

As described by Lao Ma's pungent brushstrokes: Tories are sacred words and guardians of tradition, so abstraction is sacred.But it would be vulgar to say that they opposed it for the sake of land rent, the reduction of land tax, and the interests of the class.

Therefore, the reason why they oppose the war now is of course not because it harms their interests.

In fact, the reason why they have authoritarian tendencies and support a truly patriotic and traditionally virtuous monarch above the party is essentially a manifestation of the economic base determining the superstructure.

With the growth of the bourgeoisie, the interests of land ownership are subordinated to the interests of financial groups, real estate is subordinated to commerce, agriculture is subordinated to industry, and the countryside is subordinated to cities... The material basis of the Tory Party's strength is land rent, but the Whig Party is The bourgeoisie found a group of nobles as pawns to realize their demands.

Changes in the economic base have made the Tories play partisan politics. Of course, they cannot play the Whig Party, because the economic base determines the superstructure. Starting from the equal land tax of industrial and commercial income and the national debt system, they must not be able to play.

Since you can't play it, you naturally have to look forward to a traditional and true monarch who is above the party.

The reason is simple: they are trying to maintain political power that has lost its social base.

So how do they do this?

Two words: reactionary, what else can we do.

They have no choice but to react.

They tried to use force to maintain the system and political power that were doomed to disappear since the gradual development of industry and commerce beyond agriculture, so naturally they could only pursue a powerful monarch above the parliament in a reactionary way.

This is normal.

Of course, there is a more intuitive trigger: It was agreed at the beginning that the national debt will be repaid with tea tax, sugar tax, and cotton luxury tax, but now it is fucking like this. ?Tea tax... his mother's tea tax is gone!The only country that produces tea has sent its fleet to Gibraltar, and the London Tea Exchange has collapsed, so why the hell is there still tea tax to collect?

William Pitt objected to taxing the North American colonies, but fighting in America cost money, so why should I ask Lao Tzu to pay for fighting the French in America?In order to get the support of the American colonies, during the war, they always had a soft policy towards North America. On the contrary, the old and traditional squires in their own family had settled down the land tax. The real traditional Brits continue to pay?
External expansion, when you sell woolen cloth and I rent land to raise sheep, and you make money and I make money, hello, hello, hello everyone.

But now, hello and I'm not good, the conflict is about to erupt.

Old gentlemen and Tories, you must ask: Is this Britain bourgeois Britain?Or is it Britain of us traditional aristocrats?Is it the Britain of the Puritan-Protestant finance capital?Or is it the United Kingdom where we, the traditional gentry of the state religion?

(End of this chapter)