Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1310 Death and Vengeance (Trinity)

As for the commercial bourgeoisie in the city, this also needs to be looked at separately.

[Manufacture, so far as it was able to export its products, was entirely dependent on the expansion or contraction of trade, while its reaction to trade was comparatively insignificant... These merchants, especially shipowners, most strongly demanded the protection of the state and Monopoly]

That is to say, in this age of manufactures, the budding industries were entirely dependent on trade for expansion or contraction.

And trade is determined by colonies, wars, and navies.

State protection and monopoly, of course merchants and ship owners insist.

But we must pay attention to the premise-manufacturing, when it can export its own products, is completely dependent on the expansion or contraction of trade, but its reaction to trade is relatively small.

In this era when commercial hegemony brings industrial hegemony, instead of an era where commercial capital is subordinate to industry, the way of thinking is different from the logic of the wars of the first and second world wars, and even the wars after the second crow.

The subsequent logic is that the industry is developing rapidly, the industry occupies the dominant power, and lacks a market. As the ruling power, they must launch wars to find a market.

This logic is the logic of Dashun's participation in the First World War at this time.

That is to say, only Dashun, which has already had the initial germination of the industrial revolution at this time, can use this logic under the distortion of administrative power.

Conversely, Britain is not qualified to use this logic at this time.

The logic of Britain at this time was that the expansion or contraction of trade would affect the development of the manufacturing industry, but the reaction of industry to trade was minimal.

Merchants and ship owners, of course, insisted on the protection and monopoly of the state, but what they protected was not the development of local industries.

But to protect "trade" itself.

As for where the traded goods are produced, this is not important.

What is important is protection, navigation regulations, and the fact that only British merchants can sell goods.Rather than, where and who produced these goods.

This is different from the logic that commercial capital is subordinate to industry. It is subordinate to the logic behind industry. It is industry that whips others: go to war, find a market for me, and sell my goods!
At this time in the UK, it is:

This tea is from China.

unimportant.

The important thing is that North America, the Caribbean, England, Scotland, and Ireland are only allowed to buy tea shipped from us.No tea from the Dutch, no tea from the Swedes, no tea from the Danes.

instead of:
This tea is produced in the United Kingdom. North America, the Caribbean, England, Scotland, and Ireland are not allowed to buy "made in China" tea.

This is what Lao Ma said, in this era of commercial hegemony, the protection and monopoly of [businessmen and ship owners insist on state protection and monopoly].

Protecting the domestic industry, or allowing [for more Effective Employing the Poor], is just an additional option, optional item, and checkable clause at this time.It’s okay to add it, don’t cause trouble; it’s okay not to add it, just suppress it.

Because, at this time, the political power of the British bourgeoisie was a combination of commercial capital and land aristocracy in coastal cities.

So, in this case, is the trade agreement between the UK and Dashun really "free trade"?
Is there no protection and monopoly in the true sense?

This depends on the conditions of the negotiations between Spain and Dashun before. After the negotiation, the idea of ​​"imperial free trade zone mainly based on Chinese goods" is still not free trade, but protection and monopoly, because foreign businessmen still have no way to use it. Their ships sent the goods directly to Spain, a non-imperial imperial free trade zone, and the Spanish navy would still protect the interests of its merchants.

It's just that, in the past, merchants in this country bought their own woolen fabrics and sold them there—of course, just to mention this, there is no Spanish hanging wool, and they don't have their own goods at all—but now, they buy cotton cloth from other people's homes. , go there to sell.

As long as this kind of monopoly and protection is still there, will the interests of businessmen be lost?
The businessman only earns the difference in the price of cotton cloth, and the businessman does not run a factory to rub cotton cloth, so how can there be losses?
And this is the basis for Dashun to avoid a decisive battle with the British navy in the ocean, or even fight a few battles similar to the siege of Gibraltar to force the UK to sign a treaty.

In other words, Dashun used the triangular trade line of Senegal, Havana, and North America to intercept British merchant ships and transport Dashun's products, making Dashun hold a bargaining chip in its hand that "does not choose, but can scare British merchants to death".

This bargaining chip is that Dashun actually has the ability to break the British navigation regulations and directly transport goods to North America, severely hitting the interests of British merchants and ship owners.

The interest of British merchants and shipowners is that "Britain can ensure that only British ships and British merchants can go to North America for trade."

Instead of "the United Kingdom ensures that North American products are all British products".

What kind of goods does the British shipping director use in North America? As soon as the sugar law was opened in 33, "Nordic" industrial products flocked to them. They were the happiest group of people. How could they care whether the products used in North America were British products?
The fear of the British shipowners is that Dashun is forcing Britain to open free trade. Dashun’s merchant ships and Dutch merchant ships can go to North America for trade as long as they pay customs duties.

Therefore, although there are conflicts within Dashun's decision-making circle, the bargaining chip held in Dashun's hand may not be really used by someone in the decision-making circle.

But this bargaining chip can be exchanged for the rest of the conditions in the British peace talks.

And if this was not a bargaining chip, but a condition that Dashun wanted, then there would be a lot to pay for this condition.At least a few more wars have to be fought, and even the separation of North America is really going to be instigated.

The problem is that the separation of North America is not the desired result of the Dashun decision-making circle.

First, they do not want Protestantism to have a land suitable for industrial development, and second, they want to carve up North America to create conflicts.

The third is the east coast of North America. From the perspective of gold and silver mines, the poverty is clanging. What Dashun urgently needs now is the rapid accumulation of gold and silver to start industrialization. North America and the United Kingdom are now separated.Receive a bunch of North American banknotes that have depreciated to 4%?
Of course, Dashun wanted to use this as a bargaining chip, not a condition, and the British didn't know it.

So this created Dashun's bargaining chip out of thin air, and it didn't need to actually land in London.

Dashun will definitely break some of the British navigation regulations, but not necessarily all of them. It will really be a free trade model—that is, Dashun’s merchant ships can freely stay and sell goods at any port in the UK.After all, Dashun's current delivery ability really doesn't have this ability.

And more importantly, if you really want to do this... then the British merchants and ship owners will really share the same hatred, defend their home and country, destroy their home and relieve their difficulties.

That's digging at their roots, they must fight to the end.

As the saying goes, it is impossible to learn from Pete's "anti-revenge theory" and destroy the French Navy's 50-year future, which is obviously unrealistic.

Therefore, from the perspective of class interests and the comparison of political power, the choice of the royal party can be regarded as the optimal solution.

The land tax stabilizes the Tory landlords and squires. As long as they continue to "protect trade" instead of "protect industry" on trade issues, they can get the support of the commercial bourgeoisie.

Protection of trade and protection of industry are sometimes the same thing and sometimes not the same thing.

It is one thing after industry has acquired the vassalage of commercial capital.

In this era of handicraft workshops, not the same thing.

There must be a group of people whose interests have been seriously damaged.

Like the East India Company.

but.

As Lao Ma said: [At this stage, competition among countries is eliminated as far as possible through tariff rates, bans and various treaties, but in the final analysis, the struggle between competitors is still carried out and resolved by war (especially naval battles) 】

At this time, the destruction of the British East India Company followed the same logic as the destruction of the Dutch East India Company that had been destroyed before.

Historically, the destruction of the British East India Company was essentially due to the development of the British Industrial Revolution and the improvement of industrial power. For the East India Company that hindered industrial development and affected the market, let him die.

But now, the industrial revolution in the UK has not yet broken out, and the industrial power has not yet improved, so it is necessary to follow the principle of the current stage that Lao Ma said.

That is, countries solve problems through tariff rates, bans, treaties, naval battles, and wars.

Dashun followed this rule and sent a fleet to solve this problem.

If the treaty is reached in a way envisaged by the Royalists, then this war, in fact, is not a Sino-British war.

Rather, the battle between Dashun and the British East India Company.In other words, it was the battle between the Dashun Western Trading Company and the British East India Company.

The British East India Company, which originally required the development of the British Industrial Revolution to be overthrown and destroyed, was destroyed by Dashun's war in line with the principles of this era.

The East India Company is dead.

It also means that the group of people who are most opposed to the Dashun trade in the UK has lost their political power.

The economic base determines the superstructure, and the bankrupt East India Company naturally has no power.

Their objection is a fart.Moreover, their opposition will only cause panic in the whole of Britain: Is the whole of Britain allowed to help the East India Company fight back to India and Malacca, and regain the East India Company's exclusive trade franchise east of the Cape of Good Hope?
As long as Dashun's request is not excessive, then in fact, an "alliance of British merchants and Chinese merchants was formed to divide up the property of the East India Company".

Dashun merchants get a share of the profits from transporting goods from Songjiang to London.

The rest of the British merchants have long been jealous of the profits of the trade goods monopolized by the East India Company. What they get is the profits of transporting goods from London to the colonies.

As the saying goes, eating alone and pulling black shit.Can not eat food alone.

If the Dashun merchant said, I want not only the profits from shipping Songjiang to London, but also the profits from shipping commodities from London to the colonies.

Then this is eating alone.

Not even a comprador can be supported, which is forcing British businessmen to unite and fight to the end if they want to be compradors but cannot.

Of course, what Dashun's negotiation conditions, negotiation bottom line, real purpose, and treaty concept are, in fact, the group of Dashun's people don't know.

Even Dashun's internal decision-making circle is still thinking about "the Netherlands being the comprador and trading center of the whole of Europe"; , Nantes, Cadiz, Odessa, Petersburg, and engage in port-to-port trade".

But for the British royal party at this time, this is not important.

It is not important for the time being whether the talks will be successful or in which direction the talks will go.

The important thing now is to analyze the interests of each class, give a reassurance, pretend to have a discussion with Dashun, and wait for the prisoners to be delivered and quickly announce it, or "officially leak" it out.

A reassurance that majority support, financial stability, and the Tories don't think about the return of the king.

Seize the opportunity of "I called the sun out", otherwise if it is really taken by the patriotic Whig party, it will be troublesome at that time.

The power of the new king is likely to shrink again, and he will be overwhelmed by the few families in the parliament.

That's what the Earl of Halifax meant.Negotiation is a matter for both parties, but announcement is a unilateral matter. The bottom line of the negotiation can be blurred, but those who are restless and anxious must feel at ease.

If you should support, if you should oppose, if you should oppose, if you should not rebel, don't rebel first.

Landlords rely on land tax, and militias rely on militia law. Commercial capitalists in coastal cities have to rely on fake news of "negotiations with China" to complete the division.

As long as the differentiation is completed, then you will have an absolute advantage on your side.

Since Pete and others like to engage in opposition, let them engage in it. Anyway, if they don't engage in it, others will.

It's better to let Pete, who has become a "gambler, war lunatic, maniac, and dragging the country into the abyss for personal honor" at this time, do it.

At that time, the group of people who lost their privileges in the East India Company will definitely oppose the treaty, and Peter, as an opponent, must also oppose the treaty.

They are all opposed to one thing, and they may not be allies, but turning around can give Pete a big hat as the spokesperson of privilege and monopoly profiteers, and the patron saint of smugglers.Because the beneficiaries of privilege and monopoly are not only the company of privilege and monopoly, but also smugglers. Although they seem to be sworn enemies, they are actually just a symbiosis of light and shadow.

Although if Pete's Patriot Party continues to exist, the basic market will become those textile industry, real industrial workers, factory owners, etc. who have lost their jobs due to the dumping of Chinese goods.But compared to financial capital and commercial capital, ship owners, big businessmen, etc., these people's movements are basically invisible, and they are pitifully small.

(End of this chapter)