Xinshun 1730

Chapter 1380 Versailles Peace Treaty ([-])
The young prospecting team members are in charge of surveying and mapping.

Generally speaking, in Dashun New School, those who study surveying and mapping are all children from poor families.

Because this job... Anyway, it is a good place like the capital, and there are few places that can be surveyed and mapped.

But even if they are children from poor families, since they are admitted to the "technical secondary school", they can be regarded as having completed the class leap, and at least they don't have to face the loess and starve to the sky.

However, there is still a lack of life after all, and the imagination of digging for gold is mostly romantic.

The heartfelt words of those who have experienced it, to young people, are just stories.

With a faint smile, he checked the various tools in the luggage on the horseback, the star chart for meter reading, etc., and said: "I heard that the imperial court wants the government to supervise the merchants this time? It seems to start from the Daqing River. Immigrants, come here to dig for gold. At that time, you will be paid wages, and it will not be whoever digs it. It should be better, right?"

The middle-aged man with bad teeth smiled and said: "What a fart. Who can look at the gold and not be tempted? If you are tempted for a little bit, you will die. You can look at the big golden nugget and you will not be tempted, just hand it in?"

"The Tao is one foot tall, and the devil is one foot high. As long as you are tempted, you will be injured if you don't die. Anyone who can secretly bring out the gold must be a person with great ability. Let's put it this way, such a person, whether he is courageous, Eyesight, martial arts, and mind are all first-class. How many of them can do it?"

"Xing Guogong wants to toss the Yellow River, people who want to move here...you have to know that Liangshanbo is a place where thieves have gathered since ancient times. Just watch, when the time comes to dig for gold, hey, someday if If three or five of them don’t die, that’s all weird.”

"Even if Shandong people are honest, no matter how honest they are, if they really hold the golden nugget with their own hands, they will be dishonest."

"Nowadays, there are many people in Shandong who want to dig up the ancestral grave of Duke Xingguo. The Yellow River is a catastrophe. Whichever province it passes through, which province will suffer. It's hard not to go to Shandong for hundreds of years, and Duke Xingguo has to dig it back... oh , there must be trouble."

However, the young man said in a standard and most popular language in Xinxue: "This is also the price of last resort for the country, the country, the people and the people. The Yellow River has been flowing south for hundreds of years, and it is getting higher and higher. It will come back sooner or later. If you don’t make troubles in advance, when the water really hits, hundreds of states and counties will be washed away.”

"This kind of thing can only be done in a prosperous age, and the court must have the means to do it when it can be done. Now that it is in a prosperous age, you have to pay some price and do things."

Young people talk freely, and when they talk about the "price", middle-aged people can't help laughing, thinking that if you pay this price, will you do it?The reason is the reason, and the work is the work, that is not the same.

But he didn't dispute the words, he just said: "It's a good thing if you say so, and what you said is also right, if you really break your mouth indiscriminately, it will be a mess."

The young man said: "To be honest, I only hope that there will be a gold mine here, and I will move people here little by little. My family is also farming. Look at this place. If it is farming, the family has [-] acres, what will it cost?" What kind of day?"

"But then again, if the imperial court pays for emigration, the imperial court pays for the boat trip, and when they get here, they will give land, seeds, cattle and horses... You say, such a good thing, the poor will get their turn?"

"How many good families of the imperial court have children, and if the imperial court really uses the treasury to pay the money, everything will be prepared, so why not move their bastards?"

"There are also soldiers, not to mention."

"In the final analysis, I think Duke Xingguo's approach is right. This is the only way to do this. By digging for gold, people from both sides of the Yellow River can be transported here."

"Even if the river section of a county is one year, it is impossible to have a county in three years. It will take ten years, 20 years, 30 years to finish this matter..."

"So I am looking forward to a big gold mine."

"If part of it can go through Kanto and part of it can come here, I think it can be done. Dead people... are going to die, but if it is done, they will die 500 to [-], or even [-]. When the Yellow River breaks its mouth and goes northward for flood irrigation, I am afraid that there will be hunger, disease, epidemic, and water, and then there will be a green forest uprising, and more than [-] million people will die."

Speaking of this, young people can't help but think of some radical ideas circulating in the new school.

In particular, the infiltration of some ideas of the Yan Li School, or the infiltration of the traditional idea of ​​land equalization: it is not as good as the land equalization in the world, and the tax collection is eleven, and the imperial court concentrates its efforts on large-scale immigration, occupying all the wasteland in the world that can be cultivated. Although it cannot reach the one hundred mu of land for a family of five mentioned by the great sages of the pre-Qin Dynasty, it is always possible for a family of five to have thirty to fifty mu.

At that time, if the imperial court can equalize all the fields in the world and take eleven of them, they will make great efforts to build ships, and move them to places where there are many people and few lands. The country is not solid?
Now, instead of tossing around outside and begging from east to west, it would be better for the imperial court to be ruthless and implement the law of equalization of land.If you can equalize the land and get a tax of [-], why bother to levy it here and there, it's just for some gold and silver.

That gold and silver, you can either want it or not.At that time, relying on the imperial court to collect taxes and concentrate on building ships, do you have to distribute gold and silver?Distributing food and banknotes, but it's not the same?
The number of acres of land in the world, counting the places in the Guandong and Southeast Asia, is in the billions.Each mu can collect [-] million stones, grains and rice into the treasury for one money of tax. Except for raising the army and water control, the rest will be used to build ships. It is not difficult to get [-] large ships.

When the time comes to emigrate to Fusang, how can it not be 500 million a year?

This kind of radical thinking has been widely circulated among those who came from the bottom of the new school in recent years.It can be said to be very attractive.

The economic factor behind this kind of spread is that people from the lower classes of the new school of thought are basically not landlords.

And behind this set of things, what is hidden is that if the emperor reuses them and makes all the scholar-bureaucrats with imperial examination backgrounds and local gentry, what is the use?
People from the new school filled the army, officialdom, and officials, equalized the land, and concentrated their efforts on emigrating, in order to achieve the real prosperity of "a family of five and a field of one hundred acres".

Some ideas have even spread among the army, and some young officers are even more convinced.

Although these radical ideas have been circulated, the inside of the new school is not very radical on the whole, and most of them still support the status quo.

They also support policies that go against the sky, such as Fusang's west coast prospecting and immigration, and Shandong's dredging of river channels.

It should be said that the contradiction has not yet intensified to that extent.

It's just that people of the new school are literate.

Therefore, some pamphlets can be easily circulated among these literate people who are marginalized by mainstream literati, but in fact they have advanced productivity and technology.

However, the main literate population of Dashun's external expansion is also from the New School, or the Real School.

They traveled far and wide, and they really saw the vast land of North America, the thousands of miles of grasslands in Oceania, and experienced the bitter cold and mosquitoes in the Northeast, and they also knew arithmetic.

Therefore, they believe that the dream of a family of five and a field of one hundred acres can be realized.

However, the difference between them and the Confucian reformists is that they still believe in the bright future described by Liu Yu, which is not inconsistent with the future development of industry.

The difference is that, for example, when Liu Yu did land enclosure and salt reclamation in northern Jiangsu, they felt that this matter could be done more beautifully and gently.

For example, if the imperial court really had an income of [-] million taels as they imagined, they could build ships without considering the profit, but send these people to Fusang Southern Ocean to reclaim wasteland.

In fact... there is no need to reproduce the brutal suppression of the canal water workers, Wuling merchant road porters, Yangzhou salt workers, and northern Jiangsu salt households.

Moreover, many people are quite critical of these things.For example, the Wuling porter uprising, in their view, since the Wuling porter uprising was caused by the transfer of the trade center from Guangdong to Songsu, it should be paid by the profitable merchants in Songsu to arrange these people to reclaim wasteland. Yes.

In fact, this is the Enlightenment Movement of Dashun.

However, because of Dashun's demands for anti-church, anti-religion, anti-feudal inheritance law, and anti-nobility, etc., the demand is not so strong.

Therefore, the form shown is based on a budding idea of ​​"unity of rights and obligations".

The typical example of this kind of thinking is the debate around whether the beneficiaries should pay for the resettlement of unemployed people on the old commercial road after the transfer of the trade center that cannot be circumvented by the Dashun reform.

It seems that Dashun participated in the First World War, and the internal singing and dancing were peaceful and full of vitality.

Europe was beaten badly, and even the east coast of North America was not spared, but Dashun was quiet.

In fact, the impact of the First World War on Dashun was no less than the impact of hundreds of thousands of troops on Hong.

Within the Practical School, a very radical trend of thought began to emerge—what should we do after World War I is over?What are we going to do?
Because, from the very beginning, Dashun's various reforms until now, people with a discerning eye feel that all these are preparations for this world war.Well, now that the world war is about to end, Xing Guogong and other people of that generation are old, and even now they don’t care about too many things and just squat in Shandong to dig the Yellow River and build roads.

Many people in the Practical School fell into a kind of indescribable confusion-everything before was understood, it was for the first battle, so what about after?
If we say that the legal revolution in history was due to the failure of the "First World War", that is, the failure of the Seven Years War, it finally broke out.

At this time, Dashun fell into a kind of confusion about what to do after winning because the "First World War" was about to be won.

On Dashun's side, since ancient times, they don't like to talk about such things, especially drastic changes.

Whether it is Wang Mang or An Shi, radical reforms must come up with specific things: land, tax, law, money, and government. These are practical things, not empty talk.

Including Yan Li School and others in history, the focus of their writing has never been on "classics", but on "art"-official system, taxation, farmland, schools, talent selection, military system, etc. These things.

According to the scriptures, it is right for us to do so, and the focus is on demonstrating "right".

Art is what we should do, and the focus is on "doing".

Because from the beginning to the end, the "right" thing, in fact, from the beginning of various schools of thought, everyone's attitudes are basically the same.what is rightThe country is healthy, the people are stable, and they have food and clothing.

The three prominent schools of Confucianism, Mohism, and Yang at that time were all discussing this, and it was nothing more than the issue of "how to do it", and there were great differences.

The greatest significance of the existence of the new school is that it has subtly instilled some methodologies to solve the problem of "this" and "how" of "we should do this".

Therefore, the Enlightenment Movement in Dashun is completely different from that in Europe... Because Dashun generally does not believe in religion, it is impossible to create a relationship between man and God derived from scholastic philosophy. A bunch of "self-evident" and "self-evident" things.

On the contrary, because Dashun generally does not believe in religion, the Enlightenment Movement in Dashun revolved around "the unity of rights and obligations", "whether land ownership is state-owned or private", "whether to restrict merchants from buying land?" "These things come.

This is also related to Dashun's official ideology, because in fact Dashun's theoretical official ideology, Chen Liang Ye Shi and others' set, is also the set of "self-cultivation through art, art greater than classics" from the inside out s things.

Of course, it's the kernel.

It is precisely because of this, the core from the outside to the inside, that the idea of ​​Ye Shi and others is to fully restore the rituals, and to achieve true Confucianism and Taoism from the outside to the inside with various systems.

The core of this set is like this, including Yan Li and others. In fact, the core is also the same: if you want to be a true Confucian, you must learn the art of a gentleman, experience the true meaning of Confucianism in practice, and integrate it from the outside to the inside, and finally realize it.Therefore, one of the reasons why the opponents slammed them as heresy is, "Where a person is going, he must first know where he is going, and then he can know whether he should go south or north. It is better for you not to learn first. Where to go, first squat there to build cars and raise horses, and then say that as long as the cars are built and the horses are raised, it will be fine. Then your purpose, is that place to go? Or is your purpose just to build cars and raise horses? ?”

Because of this, under the influence of Dashun's official ideology, this kind of smell from the outside is still very heavy.

Because... the group of people in the practical school don't study the scriptures, so their goal is never to restore the rituals, or to restore the rituals as their ultimate ideal.

That's why this kind of weird Enlightenment movement appeared. The focus of the discussion was not on things like people, heaven, God, gods, talents, and freedom, but on things like ownership, taxation, official system, military system, and industry and commerce.

It's not the same thing, but it's actually the same thing.

For Europe, it is very important to "dare to resist" and "resist with reason".This gives legitimacy to resistance, because for believers, "legal" and "according to the scriptures" are enough.You know, the burning and killing of heretics in North America has only been over for a few years.

As far as Dashun is concerned, Li Zicheng obviously doesn't know the "right of nature". He should have the right to life. Did you resist?
One is "self-evident", which is justified.

The other is the "natural" of "debating the very bird scriptures, isn't it a matter of course", and there is no need to prove it.

Does the Enlightenment necessarily have a standard form?In other words, the emphasis is different.

In North America, the manifestation of the Enlightenment Movement was the so-called "First Great Awakening", which was carried out in the form of a revival of religious morality. A large number of missionaries rushed to North America to preach, trying to bring people back to their faith.The focus is on freedom of religion, and stop engaging in church-state unity and heresy trials.

In France, the manifestation of the Enlightenment, on the contrary, was carried out in an extremely anti-religious and anti-ecclesiastical manner.The focus is on property rights. The French bourgeoisie no longer want to pay taxes to the king at will.

But beyond appearances, there is one thing that is the same, that is "land reform".

North America is done by scalping and confiscating royalist family property.

France need not be mentioned.

Well, since Dashun has also produced a distinctive Enlightenment Movement, can Dashun "escape" this problem?

In fact, whether it is Yan Li and others' idea of ​​Juntian first benevolent government, or the idea of ​​large-scale centralized shipbuilding and immigration popular among the new school, the internal economic factor is the land conflict.

This contradiction, accompanied by the confusion of "what to do in the future" when the First World War was about to end, became more and more obvious.

Liu Yu's plan of measuring the river in Shandong and trying to rely on the gold mine to immigrate did not solve the biggest contradiction in Dashun, but made this contradiction completely intensified.

Because, with the settlement of immigrants on the west coast of North America, and with the increasing number of people involved in this matter, many people will inevitably have questions: Why not concentrate on building ships and immigrants like crazy?On the one hand, there are floods, droughts and floods, uprisings again and again, thousands of miles of red land, and human cannibalism; on the other hand, there is a temperate climate full of maple trees, plains and rivers, and fertile soil for thousands of years. Our navigation and shipbuilding skills have reached the standard. Why not go to do it?
In Dashun, how to concentrate power has always had a clear answer since ancient times: the equalization of land is the first benevolent government, and the middlemen are removed to make the difference.

The intensification of this kind of contradiction has just turned the past "purpose" into a "means"-for the radicals of the new school, it seems that equalizing the land is not an end, but a means to concentrate resources. The purpose is immigration, industry, or in other words, to alleviate the pain of industrialization.

What’s more, Dashun’s characteristic version is lightened. Dashun has no shortage of labor force, but what is lacking is the resources and land that reduce the suffering of small farmers in the process.

Industrialization has a natural impact on small farmers, but an impact is an impact, and an uprising is an uprising.

Is the shock necessarily an uprising?

The reason why industrialization will cause small-scale peasant uprisings is because small-scale peasants cannot support themselves with too little land.If there is 300 mu of land, the daughter-in-law's spinning wheel is blown up by the textile factory, so there is no need to revolt.And if it is only 3 acres of land, the daughter-in-law's spinning wheel is blown away by the textile factory, and she can't buy salt or wash cotton pants in winter, then she can only revolt.

(End of this chapter)