Xinshun 1730

Chapter 640 Teaching Russia to fish
This kind of forced "civilization" also made a lot of jokes.

For example, during the negotiations, the old Count Tolstoy, who was forced to death by Liu Yu, was ordered by Peter to manage the government-run "silk factory" and "advanced textile workshop" in Peter's time. The initial talents were mainly from Turkey, Persia and other places. craftsmen.

That's why Qingwen's birdie fur in "Dream of Red Mansions" came from the ghostly place of Russia.Russia has silk factories and high-grade fabric factories, and there are certain craftsmen who can produce Persian-style bird gold fur.

But the establishment of silk factories and high-end fabric factories in Russia... the results can be imagined.

Peter discovered that whether he was surrounded by the Peter gang or the old nobles, if they were asked to manage government-run factories, the result would be basically the same: loss.

Secondly, for example, in the metallurgical industry, Russia really has no shortage of mines, and relying solely on government-run enterprises, it is really impossible to develop on a large scale, and the scale is not enough.

So Peter, after the government ran a series of handicraft factories, fully decentralized and handed them over to private individuals, and even forced them to be handed over to private individuals and forced private individuals to accept them.

Russia is completely different from Dashun.

In Dashun, more than 1000 years ago, private ownership of land, free trade, and even the land equalization system in Tang Dynasty had already disintegrated.

Dashun opened a handicraft factory, there is no shortage of people, and there will be absolutely no shortage of people.

There is no need to engage in any land enclosure campaign to create a large number of landless peasants, just the normal landless population of land annexation, Dashun's current handicraft industry can't use up.

Russia is different.

Russia has no shortage of land, and there are almost no free peasants, and free peasants are generally less likely to go bankrupt.

There are three types of peasants in Russia.

The royal court farmers are similar to the farmers on the Huangzhuang and Huangtian on the side of the Celestial Dynasty.

Landlords and peasants, that is, village serfs, needless to say.

The rest are state-owned farmers—similar to the land equalization system in the Tang Dynasty. Each farmer is allocated 15 dessia mus of land, which is about 130 mu of land. These lands are allotments and cannot be bought or sold or transferred.All peasants make up their households to be the same as the people, and even sit and protect each other.

Huangzhuang farmers, don't move.

Landlords and peasants, that is, village serfs, the tsar actually didn't care too much.

If you want to start a handicraft industry, you can only rely on state-owned farmers.

However, the problem in Russia is, you have 130 acres of land, do you go to work in handicraft factories?Did you go mining in the Ural Mountains?

However, like the land equalization system in the Tang Dynasty, since the land equalization has given you a portion of land, you have to take responsibility.

So Russia's wonderful handicraft system appeared: the state-owned peasants under the equal-field system worked for half a month to a month every year in the handicraft factory.It is a kind of feudal corvee to use this to compensate for poll tax and labor, or it is a kind of feudal corvee just like the peasants in Dashun have to do labor.

This is like the military households in Ming Dynasty, who spend one month every year in factories to serve labor instead of their training and military service.Not much difference.

As a result, Russian handicrafts could not develop at all.

There is no shortage of people, but to open a handicraft factory, a group of people came today, just learned it, and returned home after half a month, and a new group of people came... If this can develop, it will be hell up.

Let’s talk about feudalism, it’s true feudalism, a standard feudal obligation.There is no difference in essence if the military service and guard missions of Tang Shifu soldiers are replaced by working in factories.

Let’s talk about the capital, and the capital. The government-run factories are distributed to private and handicraft factories with a division of labor and cooperation system. Especially the metallurgical industry has some backbone skilled workers, and a large number of state-owned farmers who come to serve are responsible for digging and transporting mines. money.

The old feudal features cannot be abolished all at once.

New means of capital cannot appear all at once.

So this budding transition of capitalism mixed with feudal labor was promoted in Russia by Peter's "forced" means.

In Peter's words, this is called "this is the only way for Russia to catch up with Western Europe."

Chickens don't pee, each has its own way.

After arriving in Petersburg, Liu Yu was greatly touched by knowing many characteristics of Russia.The path taken by Russia, the path taken by Britain, and the path taken by France are all different.

As for Dashun, what kind of path should he take?

The Russian road certainly has many, many shortcomings.From the perspective of future generations to evaluate, there are many, many problems.

But the strange thing is that it is possible to name 1 shortcomings of this road, but it is impossible to formulate an effective other road that is in line with Russia's national conditions at this time.

In fact, in the Russian handicraft industry, the ratio of free labor to forced labor did not reach the level of half and half until after the war, and the peasants were still very unhappy, and riots continued one after another.

This also infers that the state-owned peasants in Russia, "fubing", do have a lot of land at home, and "free" hired workers must be "free" to work as hired workers because they cannot live without land.

There are 130 mu of land, only fools go to work.

This special status quo in Russia is also exactly suitable for some technology transfers planned by Liu Yu.

The textile industry needs skilled workers. In this poor place of Russia, cotton is not even considered until it is brought to Central Asia and the railway is built there.

The Russians wear linen and grow cold crops such as nettles and flax, which are definitely far behind cotton cloth, and they are also very competitive when shipped by sea.

Textiles are precisely the important commodities that Dashun can export to Russia.Therefore, the Russian textile industry will not be supported at all.

Like glass manufacturing, of course skilled workers are also needed, but things like transporting raw materials, mining, frosting, etc. do not require such skilled workers.

Some are professional workers, doing technical jobs.

Some of them were forced to work in feudal servitude, which is suitable for coolie work.

Moreover, it is impossible to transport this thing by sea, and it happens to compete with the British industry. This money is definitely not profitable for Dashun, so it is better to use it to disgust the UK and create conflicts between Russia and Britain.

Of course, it is impossible for Liu Yu to provide industrial technologies such as cannon casting, boring machines, munitions, and mirror grinding.

In a word: those that can be profitable by sea are not supported; those that are truly related to national defense are not supported; those that are unprofitable by sea, have nothing to do with national defense, and overlap with British industries, are supported.

Anyway, as far as the Russian system is concerned, the latitude, the climate, the serfdom and the state-owned farming system, there is no State Planning Commission, so there is no need to be afraid that they will develop.

Even though the purpose of this incident was to create conflicts between Britain and Russia, Liu Yu would not let go when it was time to open his mouth to seek benefits.

"Her Majesty, regarding investment, I hope that we can achieve some tariff relief in some industries."

"In industries such as metallurgy, Russia is rich in minerals and is also an important pillar of the military industry. For these industries, we will not ask for tariff relief."

"However, for the textile industry, tea, etc., in addition to rhubarb continuing to be operated by the government, I suggest a list of tariffs."

"One is to increase your treasury revenue, the more imports, the more treasury revenue."

"Secondly, it will not conflict with your local industry and commerce. After all, Russia does not produce tea, porcelain, or cotton cloth."

"In return, we can give Russian businessmen the convenience of using Heilongjiang to transport fur, and secondly, Dashun will make a series of industrial and commercial investments in Russia."

"As an acquaintance, Lieutenant General Hannibal can preside over this matter. He is someone I can trust, or someone I can accept."

"At the same time, I hope you will sign a decree to give some policy support, such as the use of serfs and state-owned farmers to work in factories for life, instead of serving for a short period of one month. After all, some industries require the cultivation of skilled workers."

"Give these companies some policy support. I guarantee that ten years later, the glass windows in Petersburg and Moscow will be produced by Russia itself, and there will be no need to spend gold and silver to import them from Britain."

"At the same time, if the output of the newly established handicraft industry meets certain conditions, I hope you can sign a high import tariff on these goods to ensure the profitability of the local handicraft industry."

Elizabeth nodded: "Of course, of course. The Marquis's request is not too much. If these emerging industries can achieve a certain quantity and quality, I will immediately sign a high import tariff. And, I will be like my father Same, lead by example, and force all nobles to use locally produced products."

"Hannibal is someone you can trust, and also someone I can trust. I will arrange for him to be responsible for this work, and I will also allocate a large number of serfs and state-owned farmers to him, as well as some manors and land."

The two reached a simple consensus, and the specific details must not be discussed by two people.Instead, Dashun will send a professional team to negotiate with the Privy Council on the Russian side, and then sign a contract after the details are negotiated. Some initial workers will also need to be transferred from Dashun.

Elizabeth is very happy, feeling that this has strengthened the peace between the two countries, and these invested factories can be used as threats when necessary.

At the same time, the development of industry and commerce is exactly what Russia urgently needs at this time, and this is also the national policy set by her father.

Liu Yu is also very happy. When Dashun has the infrastructure foundation to start a war with Russia and can build roads to Central Asia, the money will be earned back many times.

Now it is hard to say which goods can be exempted from tariffs. It may take a long time to talk nonsense, but this is out of his control.After returning home, the Privy Council and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Dashun will also send corresponding representatives to draw up detailed rules.

The overall outline was decided like this, Elizabeth tacitly did not mention the Netherlands, and Liu Yu also hid the UK very deeply.

Both parties feel that they have made a profit and are beneficial to themselves. This is a treaty that can be persisted.Elizabeth didn't even talk about the matter of the Turhu Special Department, because it was useless to talk about it.

In the previous treaty, it had been agreed that the Turghut Department could go on a pilgrimage to the snow-capped mountains, but after arriving at the border of Dashun, it was beyond Russia's control whether to go to the capital after going to the snow-capped mountains.

Besides, the Turhu Special Department even handed over the seal of the emperor in the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty to Dashun, and changed the seal according to the rules of the celestial dynasty. Dashun can interfere at any time if he wants to, it just depends on whether he wants to or not.

Since it was useless to say it, Elizabeth didn't mention it at all, just pretending that the matter didn't exist.

(End of this chapter)