Han Shizu

Chapter 1073 Kaibao New Deal

In the first year of Kaibao, on March [-]th, the emperor's great dynasty had only one theme, and the new policy was promulgated.This "new strategy for governing the country", which has been brewing on Emperor Liu's side for nearly half a year, discussed in the Tokyo temple for more than a month, and caused repercussions and setbacks among the people, was finally introduced amidst long-awaited calls.

It is said to be a new deal, but it is not a reform. It is just a governance strategy that is more in line with the national conditions and people's conditions in response to the new situation of the Han Dynasty and when the country has reached a new stage of development.Moreover, although the will of the emperor is the dominant factor, on the surface, it is formed by the ministers expressing their opinions, summarizing their opinions, and discussing them. The participation of the bureaucratic courtiers is very high, even though most of the opinions have not been adopted.

And the main idea of ​​the so-called "open treasure new policy" is just one point, Yanwu Xiuwen, and people's livelihood and rest. All government orders point to one point, benefiting the people.

On the issue of reducing the burden on the people, it is a consensus between the government and the opposition. After all, there is no pressure to destroy the country and unify the country. The military has greatly reduced the Liao country a few years ago. Under such circumstances, the big man has plenty of room to come Make adjustments to lower the pressure on the people.

In terms of specific implementation, of course, it is not a simple sentence to reduce corvee and reduce taxes.After repeated discussions among the ministers, and serious consideration by Liu Chengyou and the ministers, they decided to take the following measures.

One, the most direct, is to reduce the body money from the original one hundred dollars per year to forty dollars, and increase the adult age from 20 years old to 21 years old.

Regardless of the previous rent adjustment or the two tax laws followed by the Han Dynasty, there was no such thing as personal money. However, in the southern countries, there are similar taxes, either to collect money, or to collect grain, or to pay silk. cloth.So at the beginning of the country, in order to alleviate financial difficulties, the "vampire" Wang Zhang, the third secretary, also formulated a "Ding Shen method".

According to the original regulations, every dicing pays 16 qian per year, and the dicing is [-] years old. With such a tyrannical government, how could the early Han Dynasty win the hearts of the people?How could Wang Zhang not be scolded?Moreover, at that time, a large part of the dingqian failed to enter the national treasury, but fell into the pockets of the local Jiedu, which became their justifiable means of raising money. Anyway, the blame can be dumped on the court.

At that time, there was nothing to do. If you don’t make up money, the court can’t sustain it. Even after Emperor Liu took control of the military and government and started the Qianyou reform, he only canceled those ridiculous miscellaneous taxes without any action. money.

It wasn't until later, when Meng Shu and Pinghe were in the middle of the river, that the situation of the great Han became more stable, and they began to cultivate their internal strength and prepare to capture Huainan, did Emperor Liu change the ding money to "reasonable", reducing it to 150 qian per ding every year. Age raised to .

Although it is still heavy, it has made progress. For those heads of Guizhou, it is also a kind of burden relief.Later, as the situation in the imperial court improved day by day, Huainan was taken, Qinfeng was collected, and Jinghu was settled. Liu Chengyou once again benefited from the people. Years old, until now, and the people of Dahan are already praising the emperor for his kindness.

Now, if the tax burden is reduced, the people will definitely be happy and praise the sage, but the newly grown common people may not realize that they didn't have to pay this personal money in the first place.

But for this item alone, according to the calculations of the Ministry of Household Affairs and Duzhi, the imperial court would lose millions of guan in the small tax every year.And this government decree is the most friendly to the people of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian. Taking Wu Yue as an example, they have to pay 350 yuan per Ding every year, but now it has been reduced to [-] yuan at once. How can recognition not skyrocket?
The second is to adjust the quota of two taxes per year, and set various tax amounts according to conditions such as population, land, property, and degree of wealth.Inherited from the two-tax system in the Tang Dynasty, there is a principle that seems to be very advanced, that is, to live within one's means, set a collection amount based on the income standard of the previous year, and then apportion it to the world.

This certainly reduced the troubles of the imperial court, but because of the concept of "the household has no owner and guests, it is thin to see the house" and "there is no one, and the difference between the rich and the poor" seems to be the difference between the rich and the poor, but because of the population The flow of households, and the quota remains unchanged due to the change of the number of households, resulting in a situation where the poor get poorer and the rich get richer.

After all, as long as population mobility is not subject to huge restrictions, everyone is willing to make a living in a rich area. If there are more people, the tax will be reduced, and the tax will be reduced. The opposite is true for poor areas.

Of course, if the two tax laws are just a drawback, it is impossible to continue for so many years without being abolished by successive dynasties. This is the tax law that can be adopted after the country’s commodity economy has developed to a certain level, and with the help of this system, the commodity economy has taken off. , social vitality is released.

The tax amount can be adjusted by the imperial court and enforced by force, but one of the most worrying drawbacks must be taken seriously.That is the problem of land annexation caused by the free sale and purchase of land. This is an unavoidable problem under the two-tax system.

At present, the situation is not serious, the population is not large, and the land is abundant, but in a few decades, it will be different.Therefore, in order to limit this aspect, it was decided to increase the land transaction tax and impose a heavy tax. However, when buying and selling land, both buyers and sellers pay [-]% of the tax.

Regarding the issue of land, Emperor Liu had also thought it over carefully. The so-called sharing of land into acres was not a powerful weapon that could be used against all odds, and with the current level of development of the big man, it was far from that step.

At the moment, the most appropriate way is to make policy adjustments on the existing basis, which can also achieve great development and help the economy take off.

In addition to the above two, in other aspects, it also embodies the idea of ​​emphasizing agriculture. For example, the food price policy that caused disturbances in Tokyo before. For farmers who cultivate land, the increase in food prices is the greatest benefit for them.

At the same time, the policy of building free warehouses and increasing public grain reserves in various parts of the country, in addition to preventing severe famines, also considered that in good years, the government paid for grain from the people at a price higher than the market, killing two birds with one stone.

In addition, because the government collects taxes mainly in currency, during this process, for the people who lack money and silk, it is easy to suffer losses in the transaction process. A minimum price for merchants to purchase grain is established on a three-year cycle.

In short, the main purpose of this new treasure opening policy is to reduce the burden on the people.The farmers of Dahan can be said to have received the best preferential treatment since the founding of the country.Of course, they are also worth it. After all, in the past fifteen or six years, it is by exploiting them that they have the strength to make meritorious deeds and achieve great things.

(End of this chapter)