Prime Minister

Chapter 134 Cifu and the Book of Ten Thousand Words

As the saying goes, poetry is related to love, and it is written in style.

Poems, songs, and Fu are at the end, but among the four Jinshi subjects in the Song Dynasty, poetry and Fu are the most important.

Poetry has also become secondary now, retreating behind prose.

Now that Zhang Yue has entered the Jinshi Department, the difficulty lies in his studies.

Among the Fu, Zhang Yue's most impressive one is "Six Kings Bi, Four Seas One, Shushan Wu, A Fang Chu".

Of course, there is also a negative teaching material, which is Liu Ji's "Heaven and earth roll, all things thrive, and sages grow".

And Ouyang Xiu's phrase, "Scholars stab, examiners brush." '

Fu is half poem and half essay.

This article is prose, and prose is an article that does not rhyme or dualize.

But Fu not only rhymes, but also changes rhymes, and sometimes it has a duality, and it may not be a duality.

As for poetry, there are seven rhythms, five rhythms, and even three rhythms, but the length is short, and the Fu is generally long.

Therefore, Fu is called Poetry and Prose.

Fu also has another characteristic, that is, to spread and collect prose, and to write chronicles in detail.

Take Sima Xiangru's Lin Fu as an example.

...Forcing the side to flow, the cross current to turn against the wind, the torrent to turn, the torrential torrent.The dome is cloudy and radial, just like a rubber cage.Going over the waves, come to Shiase.Critic rock rushed to embrace...

The entire Shanglin Fuli is filled with such foreshadowing sentences.

This is true of many Han fus. In fact, most of them are not real scenes, but Sima Xiangru's imaginary scenes are all depicted in the scenery of Shanglin Garden, giving people a first-class feeling.

This is not the case for one generation or two. The Fu of the Tang Dynasty was already like this. Han Yu practiced the "Ancient Prose Movement" because he felt that this kind of Fu was too empty and fake.

It is considered to be "if the illusion is too large, it will be far away from the class, and if the words are too absurd, it will be contrary to the matter."

In the Song Dynasty, this virtue was restored again, but in the second year of Jiayou when Ouyang Xiu was the chief examiner, the "Ancient Prose Movement" was promoted again.

The end of Liu Ji, the No.1 Taixue, can be seen.

To learn Fu, one is to read and memorize rhyme books, and the other is to have a large vocabulary.

If you feel that you have a large vocabulary in ancient Chinese, you can try to comprehend Sima Xiangru's "Shanglin Fu" and "Zixu Fu".

When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty read Sima Xiangru's "Zixu Fu" and sighed, I can't be at the same time as this person!
As a result, the servant from Shu on the side was extremely proud and authentic, and said that this was done by Sima Xiangru, the minister's fellow villager.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty met Sima Xiangru, Sima Xiangru said that "Zixu Fu" is a hunting Fu for princes and kings, and I will write another "Shanglin Fu" for the emperor hunting for you.

Although both this Zixu Fu and Shanglin Fu are about hunting and gardening, the two articles hardly have a word in common, which shows how large Sima Xiangru's vocabulary is.

Now Ouyang Xiu is advocating the ancient prose movement, and has been trying to change the rhyme prose in the examination room to literary prose, but he has not been able to do so.

For example, when Ouyang Xiu wrote Qiusheng Fu, he also had to take care of both prose and prose.

Originally Zhang Yue was also a supporter of Ouyang Xiu's ancient prose movement.

But he also understood why the ancients had to rhyme in poems and songs?

Rhyming is not just for rhetoric, but for the convenience of reciting.So many poems in the Book of Songs are preserved in the form of singing, and are finally recorded on paper.

Poetry is good, but if it is difficult to recite, it does not have the conditions for survival.

After all, in ancient times, there was no condition for flipping books on Baidu, so it is of course best to memorize them in the mind through such a catchy way as poetry.

In this way, even after many years, by accident, you can still read or sing a poem or song you sang when you were a child.

Knowing this, Zhang Yue is not so repulsed by Fu.

But compared to Confucian classics, learning endowments really depends on talent.

Even if Sima Xiangru did not meet Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he would still be a saint.

Zhang Yue is also starting to learn Fu now.Fortunately, in Taixue, each fasting discusses knowledge in the furnace pavilion every day, and there are well-educated Confucian scholars as lecturers, which gave Zhang Yue a way to learn.Unlike in the past when I was in Wuxi, it was difficult to find a book.

The system of Taixue is "Lecture in the classroom, learning in the fasting." '

There is a lecture in Chonghuatang every ten days, and the lectures are taught by Guozijian directly, and they are also taught in Chonghuatang on weekdays.

As for the study on weekdays, it is in the dormitory.

This dormitory is a little different from the school dormitory, some seminar rooms, self-study rooms plus dormitory feel.

Every day Zhang Yue had to come to the furnace pavilion to attend the banquet.

This furnace pavilion is placed in every fasting, because the furnace can be raised in winter, so it is called furnace pavilion.

The Luting is the self-study room and the seminar room of the Zhai. In addition to lighting the fire in winter, the windows on the east and west walls are opened in summer.

Zhang Yue walked into the furnace pavilion from the south, and beside the full-body windows on the east and west walls were hung the names of the natives and the ranks, and below that were written in small characters the names of Jinshi, Xiangguan, etc.

On the north side is a solid wall with three boards hanging on the wall.

The central board is the most important, and it is called the Guangzhai board.

This is the rule left by Jinshi in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. All the students who are Jinshi and rank in this Zhai, and return to the provincial Taixue as officials, should return to the school to perform the ceremony of Guangzhai.

In addition to saluting, you also need to pay a sum of money to Benzhai, which is called Guangzhai money.If you are appointed as Zaizhi, Zhuangyuan, or Shuaicao, you have to give a batch of valuable gifts to Benzhai, and then write them on the Guangzhai card.

As for the left and right pieces of the Guangzhai board, the names, birthplaces and virtues of the students in Shubenzhai on the left side (received honors in Taixue), Zhang Yue has been listed on this board after he has passed the ceremony of "Participating in Zhai". Officially became a member of Yangzhengzhai.

On the right side are the academic regulations of Taixue, the regulations of Yangzheng Zhai, and a pair of seats in the furnace pavilion (see the egg chapter at the end of the chapter for the picture of the furnace pavilion).

There is a stove in the center of the pavilion, and the seats are all around the stove, with a total of 24 seats.

There are only 30 seats for a full meal, but Zhang Yue doesn't understand why there are only 24 seats.

However, compared to the two-point life of classrooms and dormitories in the past, it is good to attend banquets or self-study at the stove pavilion on weekdays.

Zhang Yue usually studied fu and prose in the furnace pavilion. When Liu Ji, the head of the house, was there, Zhang Yue also asked him for advice on how to write prose.

Within Taixue's fasting, the fasting decree implements the academic rules and fasting rules, and the head of the fasting will take care of everything.Although the head of the house did not have the duty of supervising studies and answering questions, but Liu Ji is the 'No.1 of Taixue', maybe because of his reputation, he was dismissed by Ouyang Xiu, but his talent is definitely unquestionable. Doubt.

When Zhang Yue asked Liu Ji for advice, he said: "Learn my essay, and the examiner will brush it up in the future. Don't blame me."

Zhang Yue smiled.

Liu Ji either saw that Zhang Yue was a relative of Zhang Heng and Zhang Dun, or it was because of picking up girls that day to help him get ahead, anyway, he was dedicated to teaching Zhang Yue's learning.

Zhang Yue asked him, is it because Sima Xiangru's Shanglin Fu and Zixu Fu can no longer be learned, and instead he should learn Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan's articles, and he can take the exam if he writes the articles in an easy and accessible way.

Liu Jiwenyan stared at Zhang Yue for a long time, and then said: "You can learn what kind of articles you like. Is it okay to just try to figure out what the examiner likes?"

Zhang Yue was stunned for a while when he heard the words, Liu Ji touched his heart with his hand and said: "Eternal articles have their own way, you should ask here, not elsewhere. How about the 'Hong Lebo', I Also not afraid!"

Zhang Yue couldn't help admiring him.

Hong Lebo refers to a "red silk belt", and most scholars in Chengdu like to wear a "red silk belt" around their waists.

Liu Ji suffered a "red lebo" in the imperial examination last year.

Ouyang Xiu used "scholar's stabbing, examiner's brushing" to humiliate him. He also wiped out Liu Ji's article from beginning to end with a Chinese ink brush vertically, euphemistically calling it "Red Lebo".

After such humiliation was over, Ouyang Xiu wrote the three big characters of "big mistake" to criticize. He said that this must be Liu Ji's article, and posted it in the Tribute Academy for the examiners to appreciate. After the examination, everyone saw that it was indeed Liu Ji.

After being insulted like this, ordinary people would either not take the exam or change their style of writing, but I am not afraid of Liu Ji's words, it really makes Zhang Yue more impressed.

But seeing Liu Ji said solemnly: "Sima Xiangru's Zixu Fu was written in the time of Emperor Han Jing, but Emperor Han Jing didn't like to write Fu, so Sima Xiangru was always depressed and unable to achieve success, but when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty liked Ci Fu, Sima Xiangru didn't like it." Take advantage of the time. If Sima Xiangru changed his way earlier, would he still be able to write articles such as Shanglin Fu in the future? Since ancient times, scholars like us have to be persistent. Don’t let the articles go to find people. Come to find your article!"

After listening to this, Zhang Yue questioned: "If next year, Bachelor Ouyang is still the main examiner, is it still not easy for the head of the house to submit the words like this?"

Liu Ji laughed and said, "Exactly."

Zhang Yue nodded, this is really a real man.

Liu Ji reminded himself that what he said was also reasonable, why bother to learn any article that is fashionable today?

Just like future generations discussing where is the next outlet all day long?A big guy said, "Pigs can fly when you stand on the wind", but there are also big guys who say, "It doesn't matter where the wind is, do your own thing, and one day the wind will blow to you. Keep looking for it. The air outlet, but lost himself. '

It seems that Liu Ji is such a good person, he has seen through everything long ago, so he can persevere unwaveringly.

Then after some time, Zhang Yue learned that Liu Ji changed his name to Liu Hui, and the word was changed from "Zi Dao" to "Zhi Dao".Not only that, but the style of writing has also been changed. Once the diction is changed, the article is written better than Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan's "ancient prose".

Zhang Yue couldn't help cursing when he knew it, it was Mahler Gobi, this man was talking like farting, how much time he wasted.

So Zhang Yue had no choice but to pick up Han Liu again, and read Ouyang Xiu's articles carefully, learning their style of writing.

Vocabulary and rhyme must be memorized, but the article is not necessarily the case.Essays are mainly based on talent, just like the composition of the college entrance examination, most people can't get full marks even if they practice for a lifetime.

But whether the acquired efforts are useful or not, the answer is still useful.

There is a saying "Su Wenshu, eat mutton; Su Wensheng, eat vegetable soup", which means that if you memorize Sansu's articles by heart, you can eat mutton (for an official); if you are not familiar with it, you can only drink Vegetable soup.

However, reading Sansu’s essays as model essays for imperial examinations is still a matter after Jianyan, and now it’s just trying to figure out Han Yu’s and Liu Zongyuan’s essays.

Ouyang Xiu was studying in this dynasty.

In addition to poems and articles, the most common discussions among Tai students in the furnace pavilion were also major government affairs.

As Xiang Qi said before, 'Lead the Toutuo Academy, and have no official Yushitai'.The lives of Tai students are indeed poor, and they also criticize the government.

Some people also say that it is reasonable for Tai students to criticize the government because of their poor life.

Despite the favor of today's officials, because of the relationship between Sun Fu and Shi Jie at the beginning of Taixue, and now Hu Yuan and Li Gou who supported Fan Zhongyan's reform in Taixue, they were always excluded and even regarded as " Therefore, the funds allocated by the imperial court to Taixue have been repeatedly withheld, or encountered various intentional or unintentional difficulties.

Tai students are inevitably full of resentment.

Now it is July, when the scorching heat is unbearable, most of the Tai students are preparing for the imperial examination.

Zhang Yue was in the stove pavilion, holding a cattail fan while reading Han Yu's article.But one classmate said: "There is a good article, and I will share it with you."

Everyone asked, "Whose article is it?"

Zhang Yue yawned. He had seen many articles praised by Tai students, and he preconceived that except for Ouyang Xiu, few people's articles could be used as his reference.

Therefore, I still have the spirit to read Han Liu's articles.

But I heard the other party say: "When Wang Jiefu, who was in Jiangdong Prison, returned to Beijing to report on his duties, he wrote a ten-thousand-word letter to the officials."

As soon as Zhang Yue heard Wang Jiefu's three words, he immediately stopped his half-yawned yawn. It's Wang Anshi's article, so I won't be sleepy anymore.

"This article has the ambition to correct the world and change the customs. It is amazing to read. Ministers in Beijing and China have been discussing this book these days."

Hearing this sentence, one person laughed and said: "Wang Jiefu's article is good, but this person's hearing is very pedantic. Back then, when the imperial edict was announced, the officials invited a group of ministers to go fishing in the imperial garden. All the ministers were calm I was fishing leisurely, but this Wang Jiefu ate all the bait, it was a big joke."

Everyone laughed when they heard it, and a few people questioned: "It's a good story, how can someone take the bait by mistake and become a dignified minister? Absurd?"

One person said: "It's not absurd. I've heard about it. The next day, the official talked about it with a few gentlemen. He said that it's fine for others to eat one piece of bait by mistake. They ate up the whole plate. How can someone not get close?" This makes sense. This person must be a fraud!"

"It's absolutely true. My uncle heard it directly from the sidelines."

Others made excuses for Wang Anshi.

One said that Wang Anshi was the prime minister's seed, but the other said that if such a person is used as a prime minister, the world will be in trouble.

Several people were arguing, but Zhang Yue came to the front and bowed to each other: "Please read the article."

Several Tai students were busy debating, and no one read the article for a while.

Therefore, Zhang Yue couldn't wait to read the article first. This article was called "the most important article after the Qin and Han Dynasties" by Liang Qichao.

Zhang Yue didn't know how to do it!
Zhang Yue read it word by word, "I am a foolish minister who was favored to prepare for the journey, and now he is called back to the Que court by grace. He has a job, and he should repay the matter to His Majesty..."

Zhang Yue was reading here, while the students there were already divided into two factions and arguing together.

Speaking of the political views of the Tai students, they generally tend to support Fan Zhongyan's New Deal.

There is a saying in later generations that nearly half of Jinshi are Hu Yuan's students, and it is not unreasonable for Wang Anshi to make full use of Hu Yuan's students in his reform.

Political disputes are the most boring, Zhang Yue doesn't care so much, anyway, if you have a good article, read it first, and then read it after you fall asleep.

Just as Zhang Yue finished reading, he raised his head and saw a person looking at him.

This person is none other than Wu Anchi.

(End of this chapter)