The road to technology

Chapter 219 Preliminary Unification

After finishing the book "Gravity", Yue Yuanzhou took some time off.Leisure is of course relative, it just means that there are a lot less things to do than in the previous experiments.

There are still things to do now, but it's not as urgent.

In fact, he was already planning to leave, after all, there is really nothing to miss in this dark universe.It's just that Karl is still using badminton civilization to study death, so he plans to wait.

When the small universe was destroyed, the violent gravitational wave did not reach this position for about five years, so Karl still had time to study it.

Yue Yuanzhou is not in a hurry, it will only take a few years, and then he will make plans after this civilization is swallowed by the black hole, and Fenglei is still [-] light-years away.

After Karl finishes his research, go to fish for Fenglei, and then he can leave this universe.

And during this period of time, Yue Yuanzhou didn't do nothing. Recently, he was conceiving a theoretical model of grand unification. After he figured out the graviton, the grand unification was no longer a mirage.

Since Maxwell unified the two interactions of electricity and magnetism, people have embarked on the road of unification of force, which reveals that almost all macroscopic objects in our lives behave as electromagnetic force.

Whether it is friction or thrust, pressure, elastic force, resistance...they are all electromagnetic forces in essence.

Even light is an electromagnetic wave, which is also one of the manifestations of electromagnetic force. Everything from electric fields, magnetic fields, lightning and thunder, to slippery walking is the result of electromagnetic interactions.

In fact, the original form of matter should be very simple, just like the binary arrangement and combination used to program a computer.

The world we see is actually complicated. We cannot see electromagnetic waves, but we can feel light, and light is indeed electromagnetic waves.

This is not contradictory, we only see a small range of frequencies in the light, and the real objects we see are the responses of the cells in the eyes to the light reflections of these bands.

The brain then imagines the object based on the signals received by the eyes.

From this point, we can know that what we see is not the essence of matter, so it will also appear in some movies. A person who can see electromagnetic waves usually has all kinds of incredible and magical feelings.

So the electromagnetic force, this powerful force, is in the hands of human beings.

In the 60s, scientists had already proposed a unified theory of electroweak force, which unified the weak interaction force and the electromagnetic interaction force. This unified model can explain various phenomena of the interaction between the weak interaction force and the electromagnetic force.Later experiments proved the correctness of this theory.

In addition to gravity, the three basic forces have been unified. Today's greatest scientist Yang Zhenning and Mills proposed the Yang-Mills equation, which explained the electromagnetic force mathematically and introduced field theory.Delicately using the method of quantum mechanics, it solved the connection and motion between microscopic particles. On the basis of it, the standard model of particle physics appeared, unifying the strong force, weak force and electromagnetic force at once.

It has long been known that gluons are the particles that carry the strong interactions between quarks.The photon is the gauge particle that transmits the electromagnetic interaction, and the Z boson is the medium particle of the weak interaction force.

But now Yue Yuanzhou has found the medium particle of gravity, the graviton.

What he is doing now is to understand the relationship between gravity and the other three forces. Yue Yuanzhou believes that incorporating gravity into this relationship does not mean combining the four forces into one force called the unified force.

"Great unity?" Yue Yuanzhou couldn't help thinking about this possibility.

In the 10~-35 seconds of the Big Bang, the same field of the universe differentiated into four basic forces.This notion drives the ongoing, albeit difficult, quest for grand unified theories.

According to this conjecture, gravity and the other three fundamental forces should be different manifestations of the same force. If at the beginning of the universe, gravitation should be the first to be formed instead of the unity of the four basic forces, this would be more Conducive to the unity of the four basic forces.

Gravity is the first generated force. According to the principle of symmetry, there is also anti-gravity generated at the same time. Gravity and anti-gravity are mutually contradictory and unified, and they are equal in the universe.

Then, as time went by, the symmetry of gravity and antigravity in the universe began to be broken, and antigravity differentiated into electromagnetic interaction force, weak interaction force and strong interaction force.The three basic interaction forces are all anti-gravitational forces, and they are three different expressions of anti-gravity.This point is very similar to the unification of electromagnetic force and weak interaction force, which are different manifestations of electroweak force.

From the unity of gravity and antigravity, we have obtained the unity of the basic force of the universe, so we can say that we have found the origin of force.

So from here it can be seen that combining the four basic forces into one called the Great Unification Force, Yue Yuanzhou believes that this should be the ultimate Great Unification, and he is now considered a junior Great Unification.

Yue Yuanzhou felt that this was too difficult. Based on his current knowledge of gravitons, he saw the hope of coordinating gravity with the other three forces. The model he is currently studying is just like this.

In this model, he can make these four fundamental forces work in harmony with each other at the same time, but he cannot make them four in one, whether it should be gravity or gravitation, should it be electromagnetic force or electromagnetic force.

Of course, there is still a difference from before. According to this model, he can let the four basic forces perform their duties within a certain range, forming a force field. Each force in this force field is set by the computer according to the model. operate.

And for the energy supply of this force field, he can use the same energy to support it.If it was in the past, to generate gravitational effects, he had to use warp crystals to provide energy, to generate weak nuclear force, he had to make some decaying substances, and to generate electromagnetic force, he had to build an electromagnetic field and so on.But now it is completely unnecessary, because the force field after the operation of this model is a field in which the four basic forces coexist harmoniously and can be controlled.

This force field is of course useful. With this model, Yue Yuanzhou’s Soul Cannon does not need any inert neutrino diversion probes. It can be directly replaced with this force field to perfectly and accurately control the flow of countless inert neutrinos. motion trajectory, and can instantly give them a maximum initial velocity.

The same is true for other particles. That is to say, if he performs particle pairing again now, he does not need to build a super-large particle collider, nor does he need to build a collider as long as [-] astronomical units like the previous one. .

With this force field that combines the four basic forces, he can use this force field to accelerate particles to extremely high speeds at any time.

When Yue Yuanzhou was leaning on the sofa and fiddled with the model on the holographic screen, he suddenly saw Carl walking in, so he raised his head: "Old Ka, don't study your death anymore? By the way, you came just in time Come and see my latest achievement!"

Now Yue Yuanzhou also feels that the model he is going to make since he discovered the graviton is somewhat different from the real four-in-one, so when he sees the great scholar Carl come in, let him have a look, he wants to know what Carl has about this view.

Carl, who had just stepped into the square, nodded, then raised his hand, a holographic projection frame was formed in front of him, which contained the latest information passed by Yue Yuanzhou, including the book "Gravity" and the current model. Build assumptions and model functional assumptions achieved.

As Carl was walking, the projection screen in front of him also moved along with his walking, always keeping a moderate distance so that he would not delay walking while watching.

"The study of death doesn't happen overnight, but I didn't expect that your side is progressing so fast!"

After Carl finished speaking, he quickly browsed. Before that, he always thought that the research on gravity could not produce results so quickly, especially the grand unified theory.Because he was not very good at this aspect, he ran back to study his death. Unexpectedly, after more than a year, Yue Yuanzhou really figured it out, and even wrote it into a book.

Carl watched it for a long time, and he probably asked after reading it: "Is this the unity of the four basic forces?"

Then he went on to praise: "It's really a great achievement! This model force field can actually accelerate uncharged neutrons!"

(End of this chapter)