The road to technology

Chapter 536 Experiments to test the truth

Just like breaking a magnet into two magnets with north and south poles, the same is true after the quarks are ripped apart.

Quark confinement is a physical phenomenon, just like a quark cannot exist alone without the magnetic poles of a magnet.Due to the strong interaction force, the quarks with color charge are confined together with other quarks to form a particle in the form of two or more, so that the total color charge is zero.

So what the Shenzhou civilization is doing now is to build matter from quarks.

From micro to macro.

The static field pull-off experiment of matter mentioned by Shui Wangqiu is actually placing some matter in a unified force field, and then applying force through the force field to pull apart the quarks of the matter’s microscopic structure.

Obviously, the new quarks produced after pulling the quarks apart will form new protons or neutrons, which is equivalent to converting energy into mass.

"But it's not that simple."

Shui Wangqiu clicked on the illusory projection of the experimental simulation, pointed to the dynamic diagram of quark breakage in the simulation experiment and continued: "Look, for example, if the quarks in a proton are continuously pulled apart by us, more Quarks thus produce more protons, so does it mean that this group of matter has changed from electrically neutral to charged matter!"

"Electrified matter?"

"Yes, because the protons are constantly increasing and the electrons are not created out of nothing, they become positively charged substances."

There is such a thing?Substances in nature are electrically neutral, but substances produced in the laboratory may indeed be positively charged.

But this is Shui Wangqiu's own guess.

Yue Yuanzhou turned off the projection with a wave of his hand: "Send over the papers related to the experiment."

Hearing this, Shui Wangqiu raised his hand and tapped it, and the contents of the projection screen that Yue Yuanzhou had just turned off immediately turned into pages of books.

Yue Yuanzhou nodded after carefully browsing through it and said, "Yes, but a theory is a theory after all. I reckon that after you do the experiment, some viewpoints in your paper may have to be changed.

I personally think that after the pull-off experiment, although the mass of the tested substance increases, there should be no positively charged substances. Perhaps some newly added quarks will decay during the process of forming neutrons and become protons and electrons. .

Maybe there are extra electrons born, just to neutralize that part of the charge.Of course, it is also possible that some electrons were born by quantum vacuum fluctuations. In short, the final substance should remain electrically neutral.

Of course, this is just my personal guess, and the specifics have to be based on experimental data. "

Although Yue Yuanzhou said so, Shui Wangqiu didn't think it was nonsense, so he said: "It makes sense, I will organize relevant teams to conduct special analysis on such issues to ensure the rigor of the experiment."

When he said this, he made a turning point.

"But I have a concern that the type of new quark that is born is uncertain."

Yue Yuanzhou pondered for a while after hearing the words and said, "So, let's go to the starry sky to open up a separate laboratory, and also, keep those scientific and technological personnel who are not highly strengthened away, so as not to be killed by the bomb."

Shui Wangqiu said he wasn't sure, and Yue Yuanzhou just said that, obviously understanding what the other party meant.

Because a single quark itself has three quantum states, after being torn apart, the Shenzhou civilization cannot guarantee that the quarks transformed from energy and matter are in exactly the same quantum state as the original.

This is what Shui Wangqiu said about the uncertain type of quark.

Then a problem arises.

As we all know, antiprotons have the same mass and spin as protons, and their lifetimes are similar to those of protons, but their charge and magnetic moment are opposite to those of protons, and they have the same negative charge as electrons.

A negative proton is made up of two up antiquarks and one down antiquark.

What Shui Wangqiu means is that it is very likely that if the up quark of the proton is pulled apart, an anti-up quark will be obtained instead of another up quark.

In this way, the matter composed of new quarks is likely to be antimatter composed of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons.

This is also the reason why Yue Yuanzhou said that the technicians must not be killed by the bombing.

Isn't that right? If antiprotons really appear after being torn apart on a large scale, wouldn't they immediately annihilate with protons and release huge energy.But that's all he said. Individuals in the Shenzhou civilization are basically superhumans, and this kind of explosion is not enough to kill people.

"Eh, the result of the collider is not a special case, is it?" Yue Yuanzhou suddenly looked at Shui Wangqiu and said with some uncertainty.

"Is it possible that an antiproton was actually created in the collider, but because it annihilated with the proton immediately after its birth, this process lasted so short that it could not be detected?"

"This..." Shui Wangqiu hesitated, he was not sure now.

After all, looking at the data of the collider alone, this possibility is indeed possible, because the particles collided by the collider are too few compared to the particles contained in a lump of matter.

A small number may not see some other physical phenomena.

For example, in terms of probability, if you toss a coin upward at random, the probability of heads and tails will be 1/2 after the coin falls, but if you only toss it a few times, it may not necessarily be all heads.

Similarly, in the hadron collision experiment, the collided protons are nothing compared to the particles contained in one gram of matter.

Thinking about it this way, if the ratio of positive and negative quarks is 1:1 after a large number of quarks are pulled apart, it will be a tragedy.

Shui Wangqiu sighed, "I hope it won't be like this."

If this is the case, then it is a pit to realize energy-mass transformation through quark confinement.

The huge pit of the abyss!

After all, when a civilization develops to the stage where it can tear apart quarks, it must be very advanced. Just like the Shenzhou civilization now, it can only do this kind of operation when it has a unified force.

If the phenomenon of quark confinement is a huge pit of energy-matter conversion, then the manpower and material resources invested by the Shenzhou civilization will be in vain.

Well, it can't be said to be in vain, after all, it also proves that this road is not feasible.

"No hurry, design the experiment, and send me a copy of the results when the time comes."

Yue Yuanzhou patted Shui Wangqiu on the shoulder and continued: "Science is like this. Only by verifying can we know whether this road will work. Isn't it just a guess now, maybe all the new quarks born by pulling quarks are quarks, All antiquarks are born are antiquarks!"

Shui Wangqiu nodded and said, "Yes, I hope so!"

As he spoke, he walked to the bridge, put his hands on the railing, and looked ahead.

I was thinking in my heart, if it was the second possibility, it would be perfect.

Because that would be tantamount to declaring that the Shenzhou civilization not only mastered the method of directly converting energy into mass, but also meant that the Shenzhou civilization has since then possessed the ability to produce antimatter on a large scale.

Note that it is super large.

So far, the method used by the Shenzhou civilization to produce antimatter has not changed much.

It's still the same set that Yue Yuanzhou made back then:
That is, the first step is to manufacture the gamma particle flow generator.

Then use gamma rays to bombard heavy elements, because heavy elements have abnormal absorption of gamma rays, accompanied by energy release, this energy release is the light radiation produced by the annihilation of positive and negative electrons.Adding a magnetic confinement field in this process to separate the positive and negative electrons is the second step.

The next third step is to make a proton synchrostable accelerator, and then the purpose of this accelerator is to accelerate the protons to a sufficient energy level, and then bombard them on the copper target. , neutrons and various meson hybrid objects.

Then build a star-shaped magnetic confinement separator to separate antiprotons from these particles. In theory, about [-] particles can produce one antiproton.

If it is produced by this method, only [-] particles can produce one antiproton, which shows that its efficiency is not high.Therefore, if this method works, the Shenzhou civilization will have the ability to produce super-large-scale antimatter.

(End of this chapter)