godfather of surgery

Chapter 748 Smash!Smash it hard!

Liao Yiyi's surgery was very successful, and Yang Ping didn't pay much attention to this case.

After all, it is just appendicitis. Even though it has been tricked, it is still just appendicitis.

Yang Ping was sitting in his office, sorting out the papers in his hands, and found that there were two more papers that could be finalized with a little revision, so he decided to just stop working on them, add two more papers, and submit 11 more papers.

The ability to publish articles in the three top journals—Cell, Nature, and Science, or CNS for short—shows that the academic level has reached the top in the world.

For Yang Ping, proving academic level is only a secondary aspect. More importantly, Yang Ping needs to rely on these papers to accumulate system points. Now the stem cell research conducted in the system laboratory has entered a critical period and points are being consumed very quickly. If you don't find a way to accumulate points, sooner or later the points will bottom out and the experiment will have to be stopped.

Therefore, for Yang Ping, the system's points are the most important, and the paper is just a means of accumulating points.

Yang Ping took stock of these papers. In terms of academic quality and article quality, they can be published on CNS, and maybe even get a cover article.

This kind of confidence is not without reason. Yang Ping has almost wiped out the vast number of journals in the system library, and some have been studied many times. Of course, CNS articles will be taken as a priority, so Yang Ping’s paper writing skills are not inferior to anyone else. .

Stem cell research is still ongoing and has never been slack. The subtle anatomy of muscles has been completely analyzed, and the muscle cells grown from stem cells have also become very mature. The technical problem that needs to be overcome now is to use cells to build a truly complete muscle.

Whether it is bio-3D printing or cultivation technology, they are currently encountering bottlenecks.

Bio-3D printing technology simply stacks cells into the shape of an organ, and then relies on biological scaffolds to maintain this three-dimensional shape.

The "organs" printed in this way have no biological connections between cells, but are simply stacked. Moreover, this "organ" has no accessory structures at all, such as nerves and blood vessels.

Therefore, this kind of organ cannot have the functions of a real organ, but it can also be used in some fields with relatively single functional requirements, such as the research of new drugs. This kind of printed organ can replace animals for certain tests of new drugs.

To break through the bottleneck of biological 3D printing technology, first of all, the quality of the cultured cells must be the same as that of human muscle cells. Secondly, a new biological 3D printer must be designed. This printer can not only use cells to shape the shape of organs, but also shape organs. All subtle structures shape the biological connections between cells.

This kind of biological 3D printer is not at the same level of technology as existing products, and it is very difficult.

In vitro cultivation technology also faces bottlenecks. The "organs" cultivated using animal parasitism technology are only composed of cells. There are also problems with the connections between cells and no accessory structures.

To solve this problem, we must decipher the genetic information about this aspect of the cell, understand how it automatically differentiates, how it develops and grows, how cells connect themselves to form a three-dimensional space structure, that is, how stem cells become a complex organ.

Is it easier to grow an apple from an apple tree or to create an artificial apple?
Yang Ping still doesn’t know which of the two technical routes is better and which one will reach the other side first.

Currently, Yang Ping is conducting experiments in both directions. Once the technology tree is selected incorrectly, it is difficult to turn back. However, Yang Ping does not want to choose one of the two. He wants both technology routes and selects both technology trees. , whichever tree grows best will be chosen at that time.

Designing a biological 3D printer is obviously his weakness, but it is not unfeasible. At least any equipment in the system laboratory can be purchased with points and obtained instantly, and then can be used for ultimate disassembly and research. There are also all related books in the system library. , which provides the possibility to design a new generation of biological 3D printers.

The whole process of cultivating organs in vitro does not involve non-biotechnology, which is Yang Ping's strength. However, analyzing genetic codes is a very difficult matter. The so-called analysis is not just to know which gene fragments are there, but also to know what they are used for. , how to express it.

Yang Ping checked the points in the system space and found that they had dropped to more than 800 million points. It would be difficult to continue the experiment and it would not last long.

In order to gain points, Yang Ping had no choice but to publish articles desperately.

The rules of the current system are like this. Points are obtained by relying on real-life behaviors, such as performing surgeries, improving surgical procedures, inventing new surgical procedures, and creating new theories——
And according to this order, performing surgery will earn the least points, and creating new theories will earn the most points.

The reason is very simple. No matter how good you are with the original surgery, the effect will have a ceiling; and if you can invent new surgery to solve the shortcomings of the original surgery, then the surgical effect will definitely be improved a lot.

For example, in the treatment of the cervical vertebrae above the skull base, no matter how high the doctor's level was, it was difficult for doctors in the past to achieve good results. They would either die or be paralyzed. If they could succeed in just a few cases, they would be regarded as experts.

Later, through the efforts of doctors, the surgical methods were continuously improved. Now this kind of surgery is very mature, and basically there will be no more death or paralysis. This is the huge benefit that innovation brings to mankind.

No matter how good a horse is, it cannot be as fast as an airplane.

No matter how good your eyesight is, it cannot compare to radar detection.

This is why the system rules reward innovation. The system rules also believe that if Yang Ping has innovative results, this result must be recognized by the rules in reality. If you publish a paper, it is a way of recognition. If you do not publish a paper, or publish If the paper is published in a very low-level journal, the points will be low. If the paper is published in a top journal and is recognized by the world, the points will be very high.

In order to get a lot of points and smoothly advance his research topic, Yang Ping's fastest way is to use his papers to hit these top journals.

This time, if you smash through 11 chapters, you must get a lot of points. This is just like playing a game to get gold coins.

No, 12 articles, Yang Ping thought about it and took out another manuscript from the drawer. This manuscript still needed to be significantly revised, so he decided to revise it.

Smash it!Smash it hard!In order to gain points, Yang Ping had no choice but to defeat CNS. Who said they were the best in the world and had the most gold coins?
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Yang Ping came to Tang Shun's stem cell laboratory. This top student from Dongda University was indeed a rare talent. Yang Ping gave him an A4 piece of paper with a draft of the laboratory plan.

According to the experimental plan, he quickly cultivated muscle cells and various cells that make up nerves and blood vessels.

Tang Shun monitored these cells in accordance with international standards. The quality of the cells was very high and was no different from normal human muscle cells.

"According to the plan, our experiment is still in the final step, which is to study the spatial guidance between cells. I don't have a good idea for this step yet and it will take some time." Yang Ping told Tang Shun.

When Tang Shun was studying at the University of Tokyo, the Stem Cell Laboratory of the University of Tokyo did not mention the concept of spatial guidance. Their experiments focused on 3D bioprinting and xenoparasitic culture.

Among them, xenoparasitic culture is regarded by the Japanese as a technology that can achieve huge breakthroughs in the future.

This technology is to inject new human induced pluripotent stem cells into pig embryos, and then transplant the embryos into surrogate sows. This pig embryo containing human induced pluripotent stem cells develops into a chimeric pig fetus, which was finally successfully achieved For xenogeneic in vivo regeneration of humanized organs, according to relevant ethical regulations and international practices, such fetuses must be terminated within 3-4 weeks of gestation.

The Japanese have conducted a lot of research on heterogeneous chimerism, continuously extending the time for human organs to grow in pigs, and allowing the functional structures of the organs to gradually mature.

In short, the Japanese are relatively good at this kind of human-pig chimerism research, so they invest a lot of money and manpower in this area.When I was studying at the University of Tokyo, I had never heard of the concept of “spatial guidance” of stem cells.

"Professor? I've never heard of spatial orientation?" Tang Shun was confused.

Yang Ping felt it was necessary to explain to him: "We use the in vitro route to grow organs, not xenoparasitism. The in vitro route has several advantages, is almost free of ethical restrictions, and does not need to be modified to eliminate the rejection of animals. Certain gene fragments. However, the in vitro route is obviously much more difficult. You have discovered that stem cells cultured in vitro always develop into scattered target cells. They do not have the ability to build organs in their own space. "

Tang Shun thought about it carefully and found that this was indeed the case, so everyone looked for animal parasites to cultivate organs.

"Whether it is the natural development of the human body or the parasitic culture of animals, it is necessary to use embryos to realize the automatic construction of organs by various cells. It can be seen that the genetic code hidden in stem cells can only completely build the spatial guidance ability of the human body, but does not have the local spatial guidance ability. ." Yang Ping continued.

The more Tang Shun listened, the more he understood: "Professor, do you mean that we will direct research into local space? We hope to find out the spatial organization genes and expression methods of the entire human cells, and then use gene modification technology to achieve the ability of local spatial organization?" "

"Yes!" Yang Ping confirmed his understanding.

This is a brand-new idea. From a theoretical point of view, it is true. A fertilized egg in the human body begins to develop. All cells have no eyes and no independent meaning. Why can these cells organize in three-dimensional space and finally develop various organs? Until it develops into a complex human body.

Who are the builders behind these cells?Who is using cells as "bricks" to build the wonderfully complex "building" of the human body.

Tang Shun was a little excited when he accepted this new idea for the first time.

"I suggest you use tumor cells, teratoma cells and normal human stem cells to make three research models, and then find out the differences between them. Our laboratory has previously established a cell bank that contains these three types of cells." Yang Ping gave Tang Shun advice.

Because Yang Ping is currently doing differentiated research on these three models in the system space, Tang Shun needs to prepare the technology in the system space in advance to avoid it being abrupt.

"Professor, what do you mean - tumor cells grow randomly and have no space-building ability at all, teratoma cells have partial space-guiding ability, and normal human embryonic cells have perfect space-guiding ability in the embryonic environment? You want me to start from Find the differences between the three, so that you can understand where the spatial guidance ability lies?" Tang Shun understood it at first glance.

A smart man, worthy of being a doctoral student of a world-class stem cell scientist, he doesn't seem to have any shortcomings except having a lot of girlfriends.

"That's it!"

Yang Ping gave a thumbs up. He originally wanted to explain in detail, but with just a few words, Tang Shun knew what was going on.

"You start researching first. I will tell you the specific experimental plan after I think about it." Yang Ping told Tang Shun.

Tang Shun understood that once the experimental plan came out, it would be an A4 piece of paper. It was not an ordinary experimental plan, but probably a plan that directly achieved the goal.

If this "spatial orientation" gene is really found, the value of this research result is extraordinary.

This is the world's top achievement at Nobel Prize level, and will exceed the sum of the current research achievements of all stem cell laboratories.

After talking to Tang Shun, Yang Ping returned to his office.
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Fatty Liang knocked on the door and Yang Ping asked him to come in.

After he came in, he closed the door gently with his backhand, looking mysterious.

"What's the matter?" Yang Ping asked him.

The fat man looked very embarrassed: "Professor, can you do me a favor? Don't charge the cost of the emergency helicopter to Liao Yiyi's account. I will pay for it, okay?"

"That's it?" Yang Ping asked the fat man.

Fatty Liang nodded.

"Don't worry, this account will definitely not be recorded in Liao Yiyi's account." Yang Ping told him.

Fatty Liang seemed to have something to say, but he seemed to want to say it but didn't.

"Fat man, why are you becoming a mother-in-law? This is not Dr. Liang's style. If you have anything to say, just say it." Yang Ping still had something to do and urged him.

Fatty Liang hesitated: "Professor, can you do me a favor? Can you say hello over there and give me a discounted price?"

A flight by an emergency helicopter is not a small amount of money. The cost is tens of thousands of yuan. For Fatty Liang, who has always been careful about budgeting, it is simply a cut.

"Is there anything else?" Yang Ping asked.

Fatty Liang thought for a while: "No more."

"You don't have to pay for it. You can use the helicopter for free once. Dr. Liang still has some face. If you have nothing to do, go to Liao Yiyina for ward rounds. I won't go for ward rounds these days. You can do it for me." Yang Ping smiled. explain.

free?

how can that be possible?
The emergency helicopter belongs to the hospital and is not Professor Yang's personal property. How can it be said to be free?

Fatty Liang was confused.

Yang Ping explained: "Don't worry, Boss Cheng has paid for you. As I said, Dr. Liang still has some face. Go and check the ward quickly. We doctors must be responsible and check more times a day." After several visits, communicate more with the patient and treat the patient as a relative, you know?"

Fatty Liang understood instantly and immediately exited the office: "Thank you, professor, thank you!"

(End of this chapter)