Kingdom of Heaven and Han

After seeing off Chen Yuyi, Wang Xiaolie walked out of the official hall and paced slowly in the courtyard.

It is early summer, most of the flowers are withered, peaches, plums, and apricots are all covered with green fruits.The pomegranate blossoms are in full bloom, and the little pomegranate also shows its shadow.

The lotus in the pond is blooming, and a pink flower emerges from the emerald green, swaying gently in the wind.A few red sunnyflies are flying among the flowers, landing on the buds of the lotus from time to time, and they are motionless on them.

Wang Xiaolie walked to the plane tree and sat down, watching the scenery in the yard quietly, meditating quietly.

From the "Book of Songs" to Han Yuefu, the content of poetry expressing folk emotions has become less and less, until it has developed into a literary genre for upper-class literati.This shows what?It shows that the artistry of folk poetry is declining, and it also shows that the upper class is paying less and less attention to it.There are many reasons for the decline of art, such as the evolution of language, the growing gap between the upper class and the lower class, etc. It is worrying that the upper class does not pay attention to the lower class.

Just like a family, the father works hard outside, bears all kinds of pressure, and works hard to make a living.After returning home, although there were happy scenes, there were also beatings and scolding of the children.At this time, the mother protects the child, but it is impossible to say nothing.This is equivalent to encouraging the father and making the base work harder.The mother protects the child, in addition to protecting the child, there is also a loud reprimand to the father.

Folk poetry, or any other similar art form, is the voice of the people's mother to the government's father.This voice is sometimes reprimanded, sometimes praised.For the healthy growth of children, the voice of reprimand should be paid special attention to.

Chinese traditions often compare the person in power to a father, the people to children, and the country to a family.A family should not only have fathers and children, but also the voice of mothers.Folk entertainment such as folk songs and ditties are often the voice of the mother.

In Chinese, Guo is often referred to as a country.Treating the country as a family should not only be used to regulate the people, but also to regulate those in power.

Regarding the understanding of country and family, China and the West are different.This difference is not just a difference in the use of words, but will affect all aspects of politics and society.Clarifying these issues will give people a clearer political understanding.

Human civilization, from a large perspective, is how people understand nature and themselves, so as to correctly treat, manage and apply problems.

After the Revolution of [-], Chinese literati gradually formed a kind of thinking, believing that society progresses in one direction, that the later ones must be more advanced than the original ones, and the western ones must be more advanced than the eastern ones.This kind of thinking is wrong.It should be said that at that time, Western civilization was more advanced than Eastern civilization.But historically, this has not been the case.

In terms of the progress of civilization, Western philosophy is not the source that supports the progress of Western science.On the contrary, in the process of scientific development, it constantly breaks through the shackles of philosophical thought.If you have a more learning attitude, there should be trade-offs in Western thought.

Western philosophy and Chinese thought cannot be simply compared.Philosophy and thought are two concepts and should be treated differently.

If human thought is divided into two parts, one is thinking about nature, and the other is thinking about human beings, these two parts are also out of sync.Naturally speaking, Western philosophy has no answer.Those who admire Western philosophy are mainly because of the achievements of the West in natural science.

If civilization is regarded as human beings' understanding of themselves, then the achievements of Western philosophy in civilization are roughly equivalent to China's Tang and Song Dynasties.The status of Kant and Hegel should be compared to Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi in China, and it is not appropriate to compare Laozi and Confucius.Therefore, when Hegel commented on Confucius, people of different levels forcibly commented on the characters. He could not understand Confucius, and his comments were ridiculous.

If there is one alternative to Western philosophy, it should be the bearded man.But Beard made a head start, and the West did not continue to develop.

So to study philosophy, or to study ideas in China, we have to go to the end of time and see where they started.Weights are created by humans to understand and study the world, so it is more appropriate to use weights as a metaphor.For a philosopher or thinker, one should ask how heavy the weight is.The marked weight does not match the actual weight, the weight is wrong, or the marked is wrong.

Western philosophers, whether they are materialists or idealists, their thinking is restricted by God.Until now, no Western thinker has been able to break through this restriction, whether it is positive or negative, whether it is for or against.If we must forcibly compare the history of Chinese civilization, western Kant, Hegel, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Descartes, etc. can be compared with Confucian scholars in Tang and Song Dynasties, and Sartre can be compared with Wang Yangming.The position in the history of thought is about the same.Their specific thoughts may be different, but in fact there is a thread to be found.

China has a 5000-year civilization, so could all the 5000-year civilization be lived on dogs?Time is a necessary condition for the understanding of civilization, and it is not that simple to skip it.Even if one or two otherworldly characters appear, they will not reach the general public.Because of what you say, they either don't understand or don't want to understand.

After the demise of the Song Dynasty, China actually regressed in terms of civilization and thought.Although Zhu Yuanzhang had the merits of expelling the Tartars and restoring China, he actually inherited the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty more ideologically.In the Qing Dynasty, it even regressed to become a plaything of the world.

Wang Xiaolie once watched a TV series "Yongzheng Dynasty", and remembered that Yongzheng said something to someone, to the effect that I am the most powerful scholar in the world.This sentence is arrogant enough, so I always remember it.Of course, Yongzheng is the most powerful scholar in the world. If he said this, either Yongzheng was ignorant, or the person who wrote the TV series and set this line was ignorant.Scholars are not so cheap. Even if Yongzheng has read all the books in the world, he is not qualified to say this.It is nothing more than some scholars who came out to be officials and were managed by Yongzheng, and some scholars who did not come out to be officials were not managed by Yongzheng.Even those who came out to be officials and were controlled by Yongzheng may not necessarily do what they think in their hearts.

Chinese civilization reached the bottom of the valley in the Qing Dynasty.What if the Qing Dynasty was not overthrown?It's nothing more than stepping back step by step, back to the appearance of those nations you despise now.

During the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming came out of China and proposed the study of mind.However, Xinxue did not become popular in China, but instead gained attention in the island country of Japan.Because the Japanese paid attention to and respected it, so a certain Chinese leader also respected it.Liang Qichao even proposed that there are only two semi-sages in China, namely Confucius, Wang Yangming and Zeng Guofan.It is ridiculous for Wang Yangming to be a saint, but it is ridiculous to say that Zeng Guofan is half a saint.

In the era of Liang Qichao, China became the plaything of the big powers, and everything went wrong. Scholars lost their minds, and it was justifiable to say some unreliable things.In fact, it was not just Liang Qichao. Some people suggested that Latin should be used instead of Chinese characters.Even Lu Xun made a career out of criticizing China's national character.In fact, what is wrong with China's national character?It's just that the ruler is too bad.

We should not forget these critics.Some of what they say is right and some is wrong, but they are all good medicine to arouse national awakening.It is with them that more revolutionaries can be awakened.We should not exaggerate the role of these critics. Many of them are just critics.

Nearly 200 years have passed, and after the hard work of critics, revolutionaries, and builders, we finally have the opportunity and the conditions to re-examine the differences between Chinese civilization and Western civilization.At this time, it seems a bit unqualified not to be able to correctly understand this point.

It is wrong to say that capitalism sprouted in Chinese history, and capitalism may not exist in China.It should not be too wrong to say that the Song Dynasty was the heyday of China.This heyday is cultural, not simple economic or military.

Many people are not convinced that Western philosophers are roughly equivalent to China's Tang and Song Dynasties on the journey of civilization.In their eyes, Kant, Hegel and Sartre, how great their thoughts are, and how clear their views are.Some people even talk about Kant and shut up about Hegel, pretending to be profound.It is certain that he understood neither Kant nor Hegel.Just like when he criticized Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, they didn't understand either Zhu Xi or Lu Jiuyuan.It is precisely because they don't understand that they can read the books of these people and pretend to understand them well.

After the Song Dynasty, Buddhism entered the room on the ideological level in China.It shows that Chinese civilization encountered difficulties at that time, and scholars had to seek heresy ways to solve their own confusion.That does not mean the progress of Chinese civilization, but that Chinese thought encountered unsolvable problems at that time, and had to escape temporarily in other people's thoughts, hoping to find inspiration.

Scholars who study Chinese philosophy now like to study the study of mind and Buddhist Zen.Some scholars even think that they have studied very profoundly, and they like to say something when they are proud of it. When I go to a certain Zen master, I can ask him, have I enlightened?I don’t know how a certain Zen master answered, but what is certain is that if you go to the Buddha and ask if you have enlightened, the Buddha will definitely tell you that you have not enlightened.

Buddha is another civilization.If you study Chinese philosophy, ask monks or even Buddhas, how can you possibly attain enlightenment?

Those who study psychology cannot escape a fact.Psychology is not popular in China. It was picked up by some people after it became popular in Japan and then spread back to China.It’s not that there is anything wrong with the study of mind. History has already given the answer. This theory is suitable for Japan, but not for China.Forcing the mind to learn wisdom has great significance, and we can only use the Meiji Restoration as an example.The headmaster, who especially respects the learning of the heart, can only go to the small island.

People conform to the laws of statistics according to the probability distribution, so it is determined that the more correct, the fewer people who understand and agree.People's thoughts and understandings are a distribution curve, the closer to the center, the fewer people you understand.This cannot be changed and nothing can be done about it.

But Wang Xiaolie doesn't need to pay attention to these, because he was in the Song Dynasty, and no one confronted him about the development of philosophy.After many years, after confirming that your thinking is correct, just do it according to your own understanding.

Does Western civilization need to learn?Of course there is a lot to learn, and there is a lot to learn.Not because China was defeated and bullied, but they were right about many things.

Why is it said that Western classical philosophy is equivalent to China's Tang and Song Dynasties and there is still much to learn?This is the same reason why the Song Dynasty was more developed than Liao and Jin, but why it could not beat Liao and Jin.Why bother to compare things that are not related?

The premise of learning is to know what to learn.Just like teaching the history of philosophy in the United States, it is correct to talk about Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates first, but it is absolutely incorrect to teach the history of philosophy in China and talk about these three people first.Because this order shows that the teacher himself does not understand these three people.

The world is complicated, and it cannot be simplified. If you simplify it, you will make mistakes.The so-called grabbing the beard and eyebrows is not acceptable.

What should Wang Xiaolie do in this world?Learning from history, how do the West do it, do you do it yourself?Of course not.The progress of Western civilization has only reached this stage, and the productivity has only improved.Productivity only determines production relations, not civilization.Even the same production relations in different civilizations will inevitably have different appearances.Governance based on Western theories is even more of a fantasy, and they have not yet been able to sort out clear theories.

This is a road that no one has opened up, and Wang Xiaolie needs to find out by himself.

Just to be a capable minister, an emperor, or even a wise king, do you need to do this?unnecessary.Even if it is copying history, even if copying is wrong, the progress of productivity can defeat everyone.It is not difficult to be a successful person who is full of flowers and wine, has beautiful women in his arms, and is praised by the world.

But what do I need to do if it's just to be a successful person?Looking at the world, most people can.Now that I'm here, of course it's different.

What others can do, let others do it.I came into this world to be different.It is to do it, except for me, it is absolutely impossible to change someone else.A person must have value, and this is my value in this world.