Hand rubbing nuclear fusion live in the wilderness

Chapter 276 Light source materials for lithography machines
With the metal bricks pressed out of aluminum oxide and other material powders, Han Yuan rushed back to the chemistry laboratory.

In the chemical laboratory, there is an arc discharge melting apparatus and a matching vacuum exhaust machine.

It has to be said that the oil pit in the upper reaches due to the earthquake provided him with great convenience.

Not only because petroleum is fuel and lubricating oil, but also because crude oil can be refined and compounded into various materials through sophisticated fractionation.

Things like plastics, synthetic rubber, and synthetic fibers can be obtained by fissioning oil.

Without oil, the South Korean won could not develop so fast.

Like a vacuum extractor, he couldn't get it out without plastic and rubber.

Without a vacuum pump, the preparation of many alloys or chemical materials simply cannot be carried out.

The preparation of many materials requires a vacuum environment for processing.

This is a hard condition, because air will participate in the reaction and cause the material preparation to fail.

Find the 'arc discharge melting instrument' from the corner, and put the pressed metal powder brick into a special rectangular crucible.

Seal the 'Arc Discharge Melting Apparatus', first pump out the air inside through the pipes on both sides, and then fill in the inert gas 'Argon' as a protection.

The electricity from the generator is regulated by a transformer and a current regulator, and then passed through a high-power current detection meter to confirm that the current meets the requirements and then passed into the 'arc discharge melting instrument'.

Through a small piece of thick but transparent tempered glass, it can be seen that when the power is connected, two lightning-like currents appear out of thin air.

And the pressed metal powder bricks in the special crucible turned white at an extremely fast speed, and turned into a super-large and super-powerful incandescent lamp.

But the whole process was very quiet, without any sparks sputtering out.

If the inside is still filled with air, the moment the electricity is turned on, the surface of the entire powder-pressed metal brick will splash countless fine metal liquids.

Just like a few drops of water suddenly dripping into the boiling hot oil, it will be easy to scrap the whole "arc discharge melting instrument" directly at that time.

In severe cases, an explosion may occur, and the whole piece of metal may explode.

This is the importance of argon protection.

In addition to protecting the equipment, the incoming argon will not react with the powdered metal bricks being smelted at extremely high temperatures.

This is only possible with inert gases.

The air is not good, if it is mixed with air, then various bubbles, large and small, will be formed in the smelted sapphire glass.

These bubbles may be so small that they are invisible to the naked eye, but as long as they exist, they cannot be used to make light source generators for lithography machines.

[Fuck, I'm blind, I'm blind! 】

[It's so dazzling. 】

[I'm curious, it's obviously a piece of metal, how can it turn into a gemstone after being electrified? 】

[Do you say this is a physical property change or a chemical property synthesis? 】

【Chemistry? 】

[Smelting is a chemical change, and new substances are formed during the smelting process. 】

[? ? ? ?The main components of sapphire are aluminum oxide and chromium oxide, etc. The components of this metal brick are also aluminum oxide and chromium oxide. How has the property changed? 】

[Smelting is a physical reaction, because there is no chemical change! 】

[Depending on the situation, some smelting has the formation of new substances, which is a chemical reaction, and if no new substances are formed, it is a physical reaction. 】

[The above talk is a lot of nonsense, so is this physics or chemistry? 】

[I suddenly thought of a question, the main component of sapphire is aluminum oxide, why is it not a metal? 】

[Aluminum trioxide is a metal, why is it not a metal? 】

[It is true that aluminum oxide is a metal, but sapphire is not. Sapphire is corundum, which is not a metal in terms of classification, but a mixture. 】

[Stop, stop, stop, stop, I can't get my head around——]

[Where's the anchor?Broadcaster, please explain. 】

On the virtual screen, barrages of debates over whether the transformation of metal bricks into sapphire glass in the 'arc discharge melting apparatus' was a physical or chemical reaction kept passing by.

The audience in the live broadcast room were arguing about it.

Seeing the barrage asking himself, Han Yuan smiled and said, "Why can't it be a mixed physical and chemical reaction?"

As soon as these words came out, there was an instant silence in the live broadcast room.

Han Yuan smiled, and continued: "The properties of synthetic sapphire and powder metallurgy are actually the same."

"Powder metallurgy is a complex physical and chemical process, in which there are both chemical changes and physical changes."

"So in general, the melting and transformation of metal bricks in the arc discharge melting apparatus is a mixed reaction."

[I'm going, why didn't I think of it. 】

[I said at the beginning that it is both a physical change and a chemical change, and I don't believe each of them. 】

[Pure physical changes are rare now, whether it is alloys or various synthetic materials, most of them have new substances formed. 】

[No, anchor, the main ingredient of this brick is the same as that of sapphire, isn’t there no new substance produced?Why is there a chemical change? 】

[The above is reasonable, it should be a purely physical change, like sand melting into glass. 】

【read more books!There are benefits!I know how to look at girls every day, but girls can't do it now, right? 】

Seeing that the barrage still had doubts, Han Yuan smiled and said: "The reason why there is a chemical reaction in it is because the crystal structure of aluminum oxide and chromium oxide changes at high temperature and some new atomic crystals are formed. "

"Many people know that the main component of sapphire is aluminum oxide."

"But what is rarely known is that its aluminum oxide crystal is a heterogeneous structure of normal aluminum oxide, the alpha system structure (α-Al2O3)."

"It is precisely because of this special hexagonal lattice structure that aluminum oxide has ultra-high hardness, good light transmission, thermal conductivity and electrical insulation."

"In addition, in addition to the changes in the crystal structure, this metal powder will also form some new materials during the smelting process, such as Cr: AlO, etc."

"So there's both a chemical change and a physical change in it."

After Han Yuan finished speaking, there was a sound of "understand" in the live broadcast room.

Five minutes passed quickly, and at the right moment, Won began to reduce the temperature inside the arc discharge melting apparatus by controlling the magnitude of the current.

The current decreases little by little, and the incandescent metal bricks in the arc discharge melting apparatus begin to gradually cool down.

This is a necessary step because the sapphire glass used to make the laser generator of the lithography machine is very demanding.

If the power supply is stopped directly, the sapphire melted inside will be cracked and twisted due to the sudden drop in temperature.

And a little flaw will lead to scrap.

Only by slowly lowering the temperature to allow the crystal structure inside to adapt can the process continue.

After adjusting for a while, and confirming that the standard was met, the Korean won completely pulled down the electric valve to stop the power supply.

Put on heat-insulating protective gloves, and use tools to remove the crucible inside the arc discharge melting instrument.

At this time, the temperature was still very high, and the metal powder bricks inside the crucible were still bright red.

But as time passed, the red temperature receded, and the successfully sintered sapphire glass gradually revealed its original appearance.

Due to the base and thickness of the crucible, the exposed sapphire has a little blackness, but the blue color can already be seen.

When Won took out the whole piece of sapphire glass from the crucible with insulated gloves and turned on a strong flashlight, the whole piece of sapphire exploded instantly.

Just as starlight is refracted to the ocean, strong light passes through gemstones, and the refracted light reveals a cold edge.

The sea blue-like color immediately filled the entire live broadcast room, and the mysterious and gorgeous sapphire immediately captured everyone's attention.

【What a nice view. 】

[I love it, I love it, it's so beautiful. 】

【Extreme sky blue! 】

【Ah, that's emerald, and to be precise, the sky blue is lighter than this, it should be the purest sea blue. 】

[It's a big piece, at least a million. 】

【million?You think too much, if it is natural, the value of such a sapphire is estimated to exceed [-] million.But artificial sapphires are not worth much at all, six figures at most. 】

[It's decided, let's prepare the equipment, try to see if it can be done, if it can be done, it will make a fortune. 】

[Upstairs, you can do it, I am butterfly swimming in the cesspit. 】

[Quietly speaking, chromium compounds can cause infertility——]

【This unscientific!Metal powder can turn into sapphire! 】

[What is this? I also know how to use mercury to smelt gold. If one electron is removed from a mercury atom, it can be turned into gold. 】

[Isn't mercury just mercury?Mercury to gold?What about your medieval European witchcraft. 】

[Mercury can really be turned into gold, if you bombard it with gamma rays, it will turn mercury into gold, but the cost]

[Strange and useless knowledge has increased again. 】

The barrage in the live broadcast room is complicated, and the topics of discussion among the audience are always jumping quickly. One second, they may be praising the beauty of sapphires, and the next second they will become how to use mercury to smelt gold.

Korean won has long been used to these bullet screens.

He didn't pay attention or participate, but carefully inspected the prepared sapphire glass through the strong flashlight.

Check if there are pores, bubbles, cracks, deformation, distortion, etc. inside.

The visual inspection results were quite perfect, at least with his 5.0 eyesight restored by the medicine developed by the human body, he didn't see any related shortcomings.

But this is just an initial check.

Later, he also needs to take this piece of sapphire glass material to the workshop for cutting and processing, cutting and grinding it into a sapphire glass excitation rod that can be used to prepare a light source generator.

The inspection is then repeated through microscopes and various detectors.

Make sure that there are no defects, and that various indicators such as refractive index, light transmittance, and excitation angle are up to standard before it can be applied to the light source generator.

And in this series of indicators, if there is a detection indicator that does not meet the requirements, it will be rejected and killed.

It's time to redo the hard-working exciter.

(End of this chapter)