Hand rubbing nuclear fusion live in the wilderness

Chapter 406 Graphene Wafer Materials

Materials and energy are the bottom foundation of any kind of technology.

And the higher the technology index, the higher the performance requirements for these two things.

It's as if your controllable nuclear fusion reactor cannot simply be wrapped with a wooden or mud frame, which requires various materials and extremely high technology for energy control.

Primitive people drilled wood to make fire, and modern people generate electricity for lighting. When the level of electric energy in the future is not enough, who can say what new energy will appear?
The process of preparing graphene by Korean Won has just begun, and it has brought great shock to the hearts of experts from various countries.

This kind of technology or materials science, which thoroughly studies the physical and chemical properties of each material and can be used in practice, can be said to have opened the door to a new world for them.

The most important thing is that this method of practical application is something they can see and touch, and they can do it with the current theoretical knowledge.

It's just that no one has ever thought of it this way before.

This is a misunderstanding of thinking, not to mention ordinary people, even the vast majority of scientists have difficulty touching this field.

Only a very small number of people, with such keen perception, can think of it and realize it.

And such a person, no matter in which era one appears, can promote the development of the entire society by himself.

For example, Newton, Einstein, Faraday, Leonardo Da Vinci, the famous scientist here, or the great inventor Nikola Tesla who was once hidden by the capital of the United States.

These people have tremendous influence on the development and influence of the entire society, the entire civilization, and the entire science and technology. Even today, the knowledge theories they established are still being researched and have not been fully verified.

Just like physicists in the 21st century are still studying the 'relativity theory', whether it is the general theory of relativity or the special theory of relativity, there are still unsolved parts of the prediction theory left by Einstein.

In the chemical laboratory, Han Yuan stood in front of the high-temperature smelting furnace.

The second step is now in progress.

The graphite and silicon carbide fed into the single crystal furnace have already been vaporized, and the newly formed carbon powder and graphite powder as well as a small amount of silicon carbide crystal nuclei are sent into the high-temperature smelting furnace by automatic procedures.

The high-temperature smelting furnace is filled with a large amount of methane, ethylene and other gases, and the pressure and gas content inside are strictly required.

These carbon powder and graphite powder are spread in the high-temperature smelting furnace and spread on a layer of single crystal nickel.

This layer of single-crystal nickel acts as a catalyst for the entire process.

The carbon powder, graphite powder and silicon carbide powder placed on it will decompose into carbon atoms at high temperature and deposit on the surface of the nickel to form graphene.

Then through slight chemical etching, the graphene film and the nickel sheet are separated to obtain the graphene film.

In this way, it is only necessary to control the temperature, air pressure and various parameter information to achieve automatic mass production.

Including the subsequent separation of graphene film and nickel sheet substrate, can be handled by intelligent programs.

If there is any shortcoming in the whole manufacturing process, it is the high purity single crystal nickel substrate.

In the entire graphene manufacturing process, this material is the most valuable.

After all, the smelting of high-purity single-crystal nickel requires a single-crystal furnace, so the price will naturally not be cheap.

The price of single crystal nickel and ordinary nickel is like the difference between polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon, the difference between the two is hundreds of times.

This is also a matter of no means, because the structure of ordinary nickel is completely different from that of single crystal nickel, so it cannot be used as a catalytic material for graphene generation.

Won also tried to use other materials to replace single crystal nickel. He calculated many kinds of materials in the middle of the night, such as copper, iron, gold, CFA copper-iron alloy, gamma nickel and so on.

But none of them meet the requirements.

In fact, in addition to this smelting method, there is another simpler preparation method for graphene.

That is, Huaguo uses ultra-high-purity silicon carbide wafers for processing, and this method can also produce high-quality graphene.

Moreover, the manufacturing process is simpler and more convenient, as long as there is a vacuum smelting furnace.

But the problem is that the production difficulty and price of ultra-high-purity silicon carbide wafers are not much lower than single crystal nickel.

Moreover, Huaguo has not mastered the ultra-high-purity silicon carbide wafer production technology, and all silicon carbide wafers basically rely on imports.

In contrast, although single crystal nickel is also precious, because of the previous live broadcast, the manufacturing method of the single crystal furnace that can smelt single crystal nickel has been controlled by Hua Guo.

That is to say, Huaguo is now able to produce single crystal nickel by itself. Perhaps the quality is still weaker than that of foreign countries to a certain extent, but it is still possible to satisfy the production of graphene.

This is also where Won has considered.

There are many production and preparation techniques for graphene, many of which are simpler than the 'vapor deposition-nuclear epitaxy'.

But behind the simplicity, it corresponds to some difficult operations or some materials required are very rare.

In the 'Vapor Phase Deposition-Crystal Nucleus Epitaxy' method, except for the rare material such as single crystal nickel, other materials, such as high-quality graphite, silicon carbide, methane, and ethylene, are very cheap.

In the chemical laboratory, the reaction in the high-temperature smelting furnace is in progress.

Those powders spread on the single crystal nickel substrate are decomposed into carbon atoms deposited on the surface of the nickel at high temperature, gradually forming graphene.

The methane, ethylene and other gases filled in the high-temperature furnace play a certain role in assisting deposition and cleaning impurities in this process.

By controlling growth parameters and experimental temperature and other conditions, regularly arranged hexagonal graphene sheets are being generated in the high-temperature smelting furnace.

After 10 minutes have elapsed, the program set in the new integrated chip computer will automatically start, and the chip in the high-temperature smelting furnace will be controlled to control the discharge of gas in the furnace, the temperature will drop, and the air pressure will drop
A series of operations do not need to be done by yourself at all, and the written program can be done automatically.

After the growth of graphene crystal nuclei was over, and waiting for the temperature in the high-temperature smelting furnace to drop, Won put on protective equipment and took out the single-crystal nickel containing graphene chips.

Through the screen, the audience in the live broadcast room can clearly see that the whole nickel plate is black and white, one side is black and the other side is silvery white.

[The black one is graphene? 】

[I remember that single-layer graphene is very thin and transparent, how is this so? 】

[Isn't graphene a single-layer carbon atomic structure?Why does it feel so thick? 】

[Our chemical laboratory bought 250 mg of single-layer graphene last year, 800 yuan.I don't know if the wholesale price will be cheaper. 】

[Good guy, so expensive?The price of graphite is one yuan per kilogram, and 250 mg of graphene is 800 yuan. Tsk tsk, it’s all carbon, why is it so expensive? 】

[250mg 800 pieces?This is more expensive than diamonds. 】

[Isn’t it nonsense to say that graphene is expensive?Hydrogen and tritium are also hydrogen elements. Why is one used to inflate balls and the other to make hydrogen bombs?The properties are different, and the difficulty of manufacture is also different. 】

[Half bucket of water undergraduate majoring in microelectronics passing by. Graphene has indeed been a hot topic in recent years, but I seem to have understood it before. Graphene is not an alternative to current chips, but graphene is better in certain fields. 】

[800 yuan and 250 milligrams, that is, one gram costs 3200 yuan. This is only the price of a single layer of graphene. It must not be used to make chips. If it is an anchor that can be used to make chips, the price is estimated to be higher. In case of grams, several handfuls are expensive!Monocrystalline silicon is not an exaggeration, is it? 】

[Can this be compared?The current price of graphene is expensive because it is difficult to manufacture. Now that the anchor has broadcast the technology live, the price of graphene will definitely drop. 】

The audience in the live broadcast room stared curiously at the graphene in Han Yuan's hands, expressing their opinions one after another.

Most audiences have heard of graphene as a material, but few have seen it.

First of all, the price of this thing is too expensive, and secondly, this thing is not used by ordinary people.

However, many people have used graphene finished products.

The most common are graphene filter sponge and graphene flexible screen.

The former is used in high-end household water filters, while the latter is used in high-end computer and mobile phone screens.

These two should be relatively common.

Compared with ordinary audiences, experts from various countries observed more carefully.

Graphene attached to a single crystal nickel substrate looks black at first glance, but after careful observation, it will be found that the color superposition is caused by too many layers of graphene.

If removed from the single crystal nickel base, the overall color should be translucent with a hint of dark brown.

The color is not the key. Experts from various countries are interested in whether such a large piece of graphene material is monocrystalline as a whole.

This is related to whether this graphene material can be used as a wafer of carbon-based chips.

That's the most important thing.

The preparation of graphene is not difficult, but it is quite difficult to manufacture single crystal graphene with high quality, large area and moderate thickness.

As far as the piece in the anchor's hand is concerned, its diameter exceeds [-] centimeters by visual inspection.

Such a large area of ​​graphene single crystal material, if there is no problem with the quality, is enough to disassemble and manufacture hundreds of graphene wafers.

Needless to say, the importance of the wafer is the most basic thing of a chip.

The wafer of a silicon chip is made of single crystal silicon, and then it is turned into a chip through a series of processes such as doping, implantation, and etching.

Carbon-based chips are naturally no exception. The materials are different, and the manufacturing methods may be somewhat different, but the overall process is basically the same.

Of course, this silicon-like chip manufacturing method is only one of the carbon-based chip manufacturing methods.

There are currently two manufacturing methods for carbon-based chips commonly used in various countries.

The first is the process of imitating silicon-based chips.

The second is the combination of carbon nanotubes and transparent graphene films.

The former is the mainstream of research, because the latter cannot be prepared at the nanometer level with the current technology, and can only be used to manufacture some simple functional chips.

This is why many people think that graphene chips are a hoax of the century.

Because these people only saw a part of the carbon-based chip, which is no different from those marketing numbers.

After taking the graphene material out of the high-temperature smelting furnace, Won immediately visually inspected the state of the single-crystal graphene attached to the single-crystal nickel.

Check whether the thickness is uniform, whether there are obvious cracks, etc.

Of course, this is only a preliminary inspection. After the chemical solvent is used to remove it from the single crystal nickel substrate, this piece of graphene will be tested by special equipment.

The application knowledge information of intermediate industrial equipment brings a complete industrial system to Won, which is very convenient for the detection of graphene single crystal materials.

There are also pre-written programs in the upgraded central computer that can automatically process it.

The final test data will be presented in the form of a report, allowing him to clearly see each item of data.

Moreover, the performance of the nanoscale central computer is far superior to that of the previous one, which is enough for Xiao Qi to use it for a short time.

With the help of Xiaoqi, any abnormalities in these data can be marked, which greatly saves Won's energy.

After careful inspection, Han Yuan frowned.

The overall thickness of the graphene single crystal material smelted for the first time is relatively uniform, and the transparency is also within the standard range by visual inspection. He also tried the softness, and the single crystal nickel with an extremely thin substrate can be easily bent.

However, there are two very subtle cracks on this graphene single crystal material, like a Y character, spanning the middle of the whole material, dividing it into three major pieces.

The crack was very secretive, and if he hadn't had excellent eyesight and watched the laboratory lights for a long time, he might not have been able to find it.

Cracks were found on the graphene crystal material, which made Han Yuan feel a little bad, and felt that there might be a problem with the smelting of the graphene single crystal material this time.

There are cracks in the material, and the most common one may be caused by the tension of the material itself.

Just like the concrete pavement may appear cracks when the weather is too cold.

After thinking for a while, Han Yuan decided to wash out the graphene single crystal material first, and then look at the specific situation.

However, Han Yuan knew that this piece of material was likely to be scrapped and useless.

The solvent for dissolving the single crystal nickel was pre-configured. It took a little time for the Korean won to remove the graphene single crystal material, and then salvaged it from the solution with a special fisherman.

Maybe it was some damage during the dissolution process, or it could be other reasons.

The cracks on the graphene material, which is separated from the single crystal nickel substrate as a whole, look more obvious this time, even the audience in the live broadcast room can see it.

[After taking it off, it is no longer black, it is translucent. 】

[It feels so thin, but it looked so thick when it was attached to the nickel plate before. 】

[? ?Why do I feel like there are cracks on it? 】

【crack?Where did the crack come from?Why did not I see? 】

[I saw it too, it's y-shaped. 】

[Look carefully at the one upstairs, it's right in the middle, and the intersection is the most obvious. 】

[Huh, is there really a crack?What's going on, anchor. 】

[Has the preparation failed? 】

[Have you ever seen this anchor fail when preparing materials?It's a success every time. 】

[That's right, this anchor is a pervert, maybe it's normal to have cracks. 】

(End of this chapter)