Hand rubbing nuclear fusion live in the wilderness

Chapter 460 Leading the Development of Human Civilization

For an outer space telescope, it is the size of the mirror that determines how far it can see.

But on the basis of the size of the mirror surface, stable and low thermal expansion coefficient, and what kind of light is reflected are more critical things.

A stable and low coefficient of thermal expansion determines how well a telescope works, and which kind of light it reflects determines how much detail it can see.

Such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the light it reflects is mainly 'visible light'.

The most distant star it can photograph is a primitive star 129 billion light-years away from Earth.

This star, born 4.5 million years after the Big Bang, was not among the first stars to form.

If you want to photograph the first batch of stars formed in the universe, this time has to be advanced further, but the Hubble Telescope will have more than enough time but not enough time.

Because the time is pushed forward, the visible light reflected and explored by the Hubble Telescope is almost completely wiped out in the vast universe.

Relatively speaking, the Webb telescope can theoretically see the first galaxies formed 2-3 million years after the Big Bang.

Because it reflects and observes infrared light.

Infrared light can resonate with most molecules, has a thermal effect, and it has a strong diffraction ability and a strong ability to penetrate clouds and fog.

This makes it possible for the infrared light from the early universe to travel through the vast universe to the earth and be observed by human beings.

So in order to see the first stars and galaxies in the early universe, you have to look at their infrared light.

Of course, compared with space telescopes that observe visible light, space telescopes that observe infrared light are more difficult in terms of manufacturing technology, difficulty in launching, and eliminating interference.

For example, the Hubble telescope can see the universe clearly at a distance of 559 kilometers from the earth, but the Webb telescope has to fly to the deep space 150 million kilometers away from the earth and "settle down" there.

This is because any hot object itself emits infrared light or heat.

Therefore, the Webb telescope sent to space needs to keep itself at a fairly low temperature.

This temperature is at least minus 220 degrees Celsius, or even lower, so the mirror of the telescope as a whole must be able to withstand extremely cold temperatures and maintain its shape.

So to keep it cold, the Webb telescope is sent into deep space, far from Earth, and uses sunshields to shield the mirrors and instruments from the sun's heat.

In addition, there are factors such as shielding the earth and infrared radiation interference from the telescope itself.

But this is only part of the story. In addition to using sunshields to shield mirrors and instruments from the sun's heat, the mirror material also needs to maintain a stable expansion coefficient in the face of temperature changes.

Because the expansion coefficient is unstable, one day the mirror will be wrinkled, distorted or cracked by the unstable expansion coefficient.

No matter which one it is, it is fatal for space telescopes that require extremely high precision.

In the physics laboratory, Han Yuan prepared the materials in his hands.

The main materials of beryllium-iridium alloy are metal beryllium and metal iridium, but it does not mean that there are no other materials in it.

In addition to these two metals, there are three materials: nickel, iron, and carbon.

It's just that the content ratio of the latter three materials is relatively low.

According to the proportion, all kinds of materials except carbon are first melted in a small crucible in the laboratory, after the impurities are removed, water is dripped and ground into powder.

The ground powder is re-melted in a vacuum forging furnace, condensed and formed after melting, and then secondly and thirdly smelted in a vacuum consumable furnace or an electroslag remelting furnace.

In the process of secondary smelting and tertiary smelting, various chemical reagents need to be added to remove various impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, lead, and tin inside.

The steps are quite cumbersome.

Its main purpose is to ensure the degree of alloying and remove various impurities that interfere with the quality of the alloy, such as bubbles and pores in the alloy.

Because this alloy material is applied to the mirror surface of the space telescope, the material requirements are quite high.

In fact, the more advanced the alloy material, the higher the requirements for smelting methods.

Vacuum smelting is only the most basic requirement.

Because vacuum smelting creates good degassing conditions, some impurities harmful to the alloy, such as lead, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, etc., can volatilize in vacuum, so that the alloy can be better purified.

It can be said that modernization is used in cutting-edge technologies, such as lithography machines, aviation, spacecraft and other top-level equipment. The key alloy materials are all smelted in vacuum furnaces.

For this, there is no way to change the Korean won.

Vacuum smelting is a very basic and critical step for alloy smelting.

This point is fully reflected in both primary material smelting knowledge information and intermediate material smelting knowledge information.

Basically, alloy materials with slightly better quality are smelted in a vacuum environment.

Busy in the physics laboratory, more than six hours passed in the blink of an eye.

The first small amount of beryllium-iridium alloy was finally completed after several steps of smelting and purification. After pouring it into the mold, Han Yuan also heaved a sigh of relief.

All that was left was to wait for the beryllium-iridium alloy in his mold to cool naturally.

This kind of alloy material used in precision instruments cannot be cooled by rapid cooling.

That will break its internal grain boundaries and molecular structure, resulting in performance degradation, cracks, wrinkles and other problems in the alloy material.

If there are strict requirements, the smelting of this beryllium-iridium alloy should be done in an alloy smelter.

There are complete equipment and a matching working environment, and the quality of the produced beryllium-iridium alloy will be better.

However, Won is still not sure how reflective the beryllium-iridium alloy is to infrared light, so he chose to manufacture small batches in the physics laboratory, and then use the infrared equipment in the physics laboratory to test.

After initially confirming the performance of the beryllium-iridium alloy, the large-scale equipment in the alloy smelter is used to manufacture the mirror.

After all, this is not the knowledge information passed to him by the system, but something he conceived and designed himself. It is easier to start with small-scale experiments, and it saves time and materials.

While waiting for the beryllium-iridium alloy to cool, Won sat in the physics lab to rest.

The cooling speed of a small amount of small-scale beryllium-iridium alloy in the mold is relatively fast, about two hours.

If it is a large alloy part to be cooled, such as a steel coil just out of the furnace or a large cast steel part, the natural cooling time can reach an astonishing few days, and even a week may not completely cool the core.

For example, after confirming that the beryllium-iridium alloy has sufficient reflection ability for infrared light, the cooling time of the large-scale beryllium-iridium alloy mirror that he manufactured may reach an astonishing ten days or more.

This is why Won chose a small-scale experiment, which takes a relatively short time.

Sitting in the laboratory, Han Yuan sips a drink that can replenish his strength, while watching the barrage of sand sculpture netizens in the live broadcast room, waiting for the beryllium-iridium alloy to cool down.

A few hours later, the barrage in the live broadcast room has long been transferred from controllable nuclear fusion to other places.

Seeing Han Yuan stop working, the topic immediately shifted to him again.

[Anchor anchor, what are you doing? 】

[Upstairs, aren't you talking nonsense?I talked about building a telescope a few hours ago. 】

[The kind of Hubble telescope? 】

[It should be, anyway, the anchor said that it will be sent into space. 】

[Is it used to observe whether there are aliens? ~(~￣▽￣)～]

[Aliens, the ones on the screen are real. 】

[Upstairs, you made a mistake. Alien is the collective name of human beings for intelligent creatures outside the earth. Strictly speaking, the anchor should be an earthling in a parallel world. 】

[The telescope is nothing to look at. Really, unless it is a light speed compensation telescope, it is too weak in the face of the iron wall of the speed of light. 】

[On the light speed plane, the sun was 8 minutes ago, and the universe was 930 billion years ago. 】

[Where did the 930 billion come from? The lifespan of the universe is only 134 billion years. 】

[He is talking about the edge of the universe, where the light from there reaches the earth for 930 billion years. 】

[No, 960 billion is the diameter of the universe. In fact, it is only 465 billion light-years from the edge of the universe to the earth. 】

[Upstairs bar fine, appraisal completed]

[These are just the observable universe, well, who knows how big the unobservable universe is? 】

In the physics laboratory class, Han Yuan watched the topic in the live broadcast room gradually shift from what he did to aliens, then to the speed of light, and then to how big the universe is.

The speed of topic jump can be said to be one per minute, and he shook his head while watching.

The leap of thinking of netizens is simply top-notch.

Shaking his head, Han Yuan said, "The existence of outer space telescopes is actually very important to a civilization."

"The reason for saying this is that a civilization can find all kinds of problems from all kinds of cosmic phenomena."

"This can prompt scientists to find the reasons behind it, and then discover the secrets of the universe, and discover the substances behind the phenomena of the universe."

"These phenomena or substances are the secrets to the rapid development of a civilization."

"For example, the controllable nuclear fusion technology born from stars."

"For example, dark energy and dark matter that make the universe expand rapidly."

"For example, space expansion is one of the theories of faster-than-light flight."

"For example, the phenomenon of gravitational bending and so on."

"The secrets behind these various cosmic phenomena can lead to a qualitative leap in civilization, but they are often discovered through various space telescopes."

"So it is actually necessary to build a high-definition outer space telescope."

"As for the space telescope I built this time, it belongs to the branch of infrared telescopes. It mainly receives and reflects infrared rays to distinguish cosmic information. After all, any object that can emit heat emits infrared radiation."

"And through infrared light, I can see the universe tens of billions or even tens of billions of light-years away."

[Webb, the Webb telescope is an infrared telescope. 】

[The upstairs is talking about the unlucky telescope that has been dove for N years, and then was hit N times by meteors shortly after going to work in the sky? 】

[Poor fate, fortunately, it didn't have much impact, and it can still work normally. 】

[It turns out that the space telescope is so powerful, I always thought it was just for taking a few photos from the sky. 】

[Hubble, Webb, is this name on the bar?Will the next one be called Chicken Neck? 】

【.】

[By the way, does our country have its own space telescope?I don't seem to have heard of it. 】

[Yes, I remember that there is one called the Huaguo Space Solar Telescope. 】

[Yes, the survey telescope launched in 2025 has a larger field of view than Hubble. 】

[Don't brag, the technology and funds used by the sky survey are much lower than Weber's. The Weber mouse is more than 110 billion meters of gold, while the sky survey is only 2.6 million RMB, and Weber will be launched into the sky in 2021, and the sky survey has been delayed until It will only be launched in 2025. Our country is far inferior to the United States in terms of investment in this area. 】

[Hey, all our money is used to speculate on houses (manual dog head)]

[No, you guys are entangled with what the telescope is doing, space expansion and faster-than-light flight!This should be the focus of attention!focus! 】

[Ma Dan, the anchor definitely has the technology to fly faster than the speed of light. The last time he said that, it was a carbon-based chip. 】

[There is a cliff! 】

[When will you show it to us, I really want to see it! 】

【Hiss~, if you put it this way, maybe I will be able to visit alien planets in my lifetime, so excited! 】

【Move! 】

Looking at the barrage, Han Yuan shook his head.

In the field of top scientific research, it is true that Huaguo's investment is far less than that of Western countries led by the United States.

This situation was more serious in the two years when he first broadcast live than it is now.

It can be said that except for the state and very few companies, most of the capital in Huaguo has flowed funds into various fields that design people's livelihood.

It is referred to as grabbing the common people's 'coffin money'.

It wasn't until three or four years after his live broadcast that the technology he displayed began to surpass the existing technology, and this phenomenon was not changed.

The reason for changing this situation is to study the technology he showed and get more benefits than robbing the coffins of ordinary people.

Of course, the changes in these capitals actually have something to do with him.

Not only because of the various high-tech live broadcasts, but also because he will bring some rhythms in the live broadcast room.

For example, the description of the space telescope is described as the basis for the advancement of a civilization and the advancement of science and technology.

Although the space telescope does have such a function, its ability is exaggerated by him.

Space telescopes can indeed discover some cosmic phenomena such as space expansion, dark matter, and cosmic walls. Not much use.

Well, maybe it can still become a hot spot among the public, but in fact these things are too far away from existing science.

Even if the expansion of space can lay a theoretical foundation for superluminal flight, it is still in the distant future.

However, these words revealed from his mouth will give countries or capital a shot of chicken blood.

This will allow some countries or capital to pour their funds into scientific research.

After all, compared with the earth, the vast universe has more space and more interests.

(End of this chapter)