The three countries are very nuclear

Chapter 623 Legalist sorcery, do not enter the palace!
After the time for chatting was over, Lin Chao asked the real purpose of his trip.

"Teacher, but I don't know how the academy teaches?"

Hearing this, Zheng Xuan and Cai Yong looked at each other and found each other's doubts.

"What do you mean by Zichu's words?"

Confucianism is best at education, and after thousands of years of development, it already has a complete system.

To sum it up in one sentence, it is elite education.

A teacher leads dozens or even hundreds of students to learn from the Six Classics.Then select the talented ones to become disciples, and finally select a few true successors from among these disciples.

This set of systematic teaching is actually similar to the family learning model.

That is to say, what the teacher imparts is not only knowledge, but also his own private goods and insights on things to the students.

If a certain disciple gets the true biography, it proves that this disciple is infinitely close to his teacher from the inside out, even his personality and way of thinking.

Reaching this level is the true successor.

This is the consistent inheritance method of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

The reason why Zheng Xuan was puzzled was not because he wondered why Lin Chao asked such a well-known question, but because he saw that Lin Chao seemed to have other ideas.

Sure enough, Lin Chao then smiled and said, "Teacher, I have a foolish opinion. There are a lot of students in the academy this time, so the way of teaching has to be changed."

"How to change?" Cai Yong asked curiously.

For thousands of years, everyone has been playing like this. I want to see what novel ideas you, Lin Zichu, have.

Lin Chao slowly spit out four words: "Teach students according to their aptitude."

Hearing this, Zheng Xuan's complexion changed slightly, and after thinking for a while, he continued to ask: "What is teaching students according to their aptitude?"

Old man Zheng has been studying for decades, so he naturally understands the meaning of these four words, so he asked about the specific implementation method.

The answer given by Lin Chao is very simple, that is, teaching in different levels.

Really talented students can naturally receive elite education, which is a good thing.

But there are very few talented people in this world.

For the rest of the general public, the most important thing is to be able to read and write and master knowledge in the shortest possible time.

If elite education is an exquisite handicraft, then Lin Chao’s individualized teaching is a mass-produced handicraft.

Although the value is very different, in terms of practicality, there is not much difference between the two, but the efficiency can be greatly improved.

However, this idea is obviously contrary to Zheng Xuan's attitude towards academics, so he thought for a long time, and finally shook his head and said: "What Zichu said is inappropriate for my teacher..."

"No, the old man thinks it's quite appropriate!"

Before Zheng Xuan finished speaking, Cai Yong retorted: "There is a way that times have changed. There are nearly [-] students in the school today. The scale is so large that it has never been heard before. If we teach it according to the old rules, I'm afraid it won't work. As Zichu said, you might as well give it a try."

Lin Chao also persuaded: "Teacher, you might as well try it first. If there is something wrong, it's not too late to change it."

Seeing that both Lin Chao and Cai Yong agreed, Zheng Xuan nodded, reluctantly expressing his willingness to give it a try.

Then, Lin Chao asked about the teaching materials.

Zheng Xuan said with a smile: "Naturally, the Six Classics are the standard. In addition, the two "Three-Character Classic" and "Thousand-Character Classic", as a teacher, I have seen their general outlines, but they can be used for elementary school."

For this answer, Cai Yong smiled and nodded in agreement.

But Lin Chao disagreed.

"Teacher, if you and Mr. Cai are the disciples, you can naturally use the Six Classics as the standard. But now there are [-] students in the Academy, it is more appropriate to only teach the "Three Character Classics" and "Thousand Character Classics."

Hearing this, Zheng Xuan's expression changed on the spot, and he reprimanded: "Zichu, don't talk nonsense, these two can at best be an aid to elementary school, how can they be compared with the Six Classics!"

"Teacher calm down. Of course, my disciples dare not slander the Six Classics, but because the Six Classics are so broad and profound, it is rare to get a true understanding throughout their life, so I asked the teacher to enlighten students with "Three Character Classics" and "Thousand Character Classics". Let students learn to read first, It’s not too late to study the Six Classics afterwards.”

The Six Classics of Confucianism, Poetry, Book, Ritual, Music, Book of Changes, and Spring and Autumn.

Every sentence in every book has been refined and condensed by the sages. It is a true micro-word and a big meaning, which requires a lifetime of study.

Although the six classics are profound, but they have been practiced since the enlightenment era, so it is too slow to enter the realm.Considering the efficiency of learning, Lin Chao still thinks that it is more appropriate to use two elementary books for literacy.

How could Zheng Xuan not understand this truth, but he still couldn't agree with Lin Chao's approach.

"Zi Chu, the beginning of a person is the most precious and rare. If you don't take advantage of this time to practice the Six Classics and Six Arts, I'm afraid..."

It is still Zheng Xuan's elite education, which must be carried through from the very beginning of contact with books.

People are always impressed by the things they come into contact with for the first time.

In other words, if a person learns to read first, and then learns the Six Classics after that, the influence of the Six Classics on him will be limited.

And the other person started enlightenment from the Six Classics. Although the process was a bit more difficult, the influence of the Six Classics on him can last throughout his life.

After finishing their studies, if these two people are pulled out to stand together, their auras will be different.

Zheng Xuan's teaching has always put virtue above knowledge, so he opposed Lin Chao's approach.

But Lin Chao wanted to achieve the ultimate in pragmatism, so he insisted on his own opinion.

Lin Chao cupped his hands sincerely and said, "Teacher, I still say the same thing. If you personally select a disciple, it's no problem to learn the Six Classics first, but most students should learn the Six Classics after enlightenment."

"Forget it, what you said is also reasonable, so let's do whatever you want."

After thinking about it, Zheng Xuan agreed to Lin Chao's condition.

Before founding the academy, Lin Chao had mentioned the position of a student to Zheng Xuan.

Lin Chao did not require that all the students who came out of it could become great virtuous talents, but only required that they be able to read and write, and be competent for the work of low-level officials.

Lin Chao continued: "Students should first be enlightened, and then learn the six classics and six arts. In addition, some other subjects should be added."

"Other subjects?"

Hearing this, Zheng Xuan and Cai Yong not only frowned, but also had an ominous premonition in their hearts.

"Hai accepts all rivers, and tolerance is great. Although we are in the prosperous age of Confucianism, we must also learn from hundreds of schools. Therefore, the disciples thought that in addition to the Six Classics, we should also add peasant schools, Taoism, famous schools, Mohist schools, miscellaneous schools, political and horizontal schools, and even It's the Legalists."

Lin Chao said to Zheng Xuan with a smile: "Teacher, this disciple wants to use a hundred schools of thought to contend to protect my great man's peace forever!"

This was the first time that Zheng Xuan felt such strong longing from Lin Chao, and he couldn't bear to say what he wanted to refute.

My little apprentice is young and mature, and he can calculate the world like looking at flowers in the palm of his hand. I never thought that the addition of disciplines would make his mood fluctuate so much...

Zheng Xuan couldn't bear to pour Lin Chao's cold water on him, and after deliberating for a while, he said, "Zi Chu, you don't understand your vision as a teacher. It's just the addition of disciplines, there are a few things that need to be thought twice."

"Teacher, please speak."

"First of all, the Hundred Schools of Philosophy can certainly be added, but they cannot be juxtaposed with the Six Classics."

Originally, the Six Classics was the designated textbook for students from the beginning of their enlightenment, but now it has been changed by Lin Chao and has become a textbook for senior grades. Zheng Xuan reluctantly agrees to this, but he will never allow the classics of various schools of thought to be elevated to the level of the Six Classics. Go through a level!
This is Zheng Xuan's bottom line and cannot be changed.

Lin Chao said, "Teacher, do you think my Confucianism is better than other schools of thought?"

"It's natural!"

Zheng Xuan and Cai Yong said in unison, their faces full of reason.

Lin Chao smiled wryly: "Teacher, the ruler is short and the inch is long. Although we are the inheritors of Confucianism, is this statement unfair?"

Lin Chao never expected that Old Man Zheng and Cai Yong would not recognize the director of the Hundred Schools.

"No, this statement is the most fair!" Cai Yong replied, "Because this is not a lie made by the old man and Mr. Zheng, but a fact!"

Hearing this, Lin Chao froze suddenly.

Yes, Cai Yong said it well!
History has shown countless times to future generations that Confucianism is indeed the best solution for governing the country.

For hundreds of years in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, hundreds of schools of thought competed, but in the end they all became losers.

Only the Huang-Lao technique derived from Legalism and Taoism once had the upper hand, but it was eventually submerged in the dust.

Only Confucianism has lasted for hundreds of years since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promoted Confucianism, and it can be said to be the theory that has supported the rule for the longest time.

Therefore, Zheng Xuan and Cai Yong said that Confucianism is superior to other schools of thought, and it is not unreasonable.

Lin Chao thought for a while, then nodded.

With regard to knowledge, he would never dare to show off in front of the two top Confucian scholars in the world.So he gave up the plan of debating with the two of them which theory is better, and just said: "Since that's the case, the six classics and six arts are compulsory, and all schools of thought can be optional."

"What is compulsory and what is elective?" Zheng Xuan asked.

Lin Chao explained the difference between elective and compulsory courses, which immediately attracted Zheng Xuan and Cai Yong's praise.

Originally, the education system of Confucianism is like this. You should learn the Six Classics first, and after you finish studying the Six Classics, you can learn the theories you are interested in by yourself.

Now that Lin Chao has turned it into an elective, it is in line with Zheng Xuan's wishes.

Immediately afterwards, Zheng Xuan said again: "Secondly, the legalist heresy says that you must never enter the palace!"

This time Zheng Xuan's tone was very calm, but there was an undeniable meaning in it.

Lin Chao hurriedly cupped his hands and said, "Teacher, there are still merits in Legalism. Teacher can accommodate hundreds of schools, why can't Legalism be tolerated alone? But because of the burning of books and burying Confucianism by the first emperor, teacher..."

Zheng Xuan said angrily: "How can you be so stingy as a teacher? The first emperor burned books, harassed Confucianism, raped Qin Sui II and died. This is the cycle of heaven."

"Since that's the case, why doesn't the teacher want to introduce Legalists into the palace?"

This time it was Cai Yong who answered, and he only heard him say: "Have Zichu read "Shang Jun"?"

The "Shangjun" mentioned by Cai Yong refers to the "Book of Shangjun", which is said to be written by Shang Yang, but some people think it was written by later Qin officials.But no matter which statement is true, "Book of Shang Jun" is the original legalist theory.

Hearing this, Lin Chao nodded and said, "Of course I have read it."

"How about this book?" Cai Yong asked with a smile.

Lin Chao shook his head, and said quietly, "It's... not so good."

Later generations often have ignorant people who compare the legalists of the pre-Qin period to the rule of law. This is a typical example of being both stupid and bad.

The rule of law and legalism are simply different, and they are not the same at all.

After reading the "Book of Shang Jun", Lin Chao had nothing to say except shaking his head and sighing.

It is full of arrogance, cruelty, ignorance, and contempt for common people.If the only redeeming feature is the idealistic color revealed from time to time, but there is nowhere to settle down, it is pitifully thin.

Shang Yang, a representative of the Legalists, has always advocated light rewards and heavy punishments.This is different from heavy codes used in troubled times. This is a normalized high-handed rule that even requires the common people and scholars to keep silent.

The most obvious example is that when Shang Yang first started reforming, he encountered a group of people who opposed him, and Shang Yang arrested them, killing those who deserved to be killed, and those who deserved to be exiled.

After the reform was successful, another group of people came to praise Shang Yang's achievements. As a result, Shang Yang arrested this group of people again, and those who deserved to be killed were exiled.

Regardless of whether he is in favor or against, in Shang Yang's view, it is an act that disrupts the order of the country.

In short, I don't need your approval or disapproval, I just need you to be obedient.

This is what is said in Shang Jun's book: Those who achieve great things do not seek the public.

To put it bluntly, he is just an independent husband and a thief who acts on his own!

This is arrogance and contempt for common people.

There is also the Jin Ling chapter of "Book of Shang Jun", which expounds a concept of six lice, which means six things that hinder the rule of the country.

Then what are these six things? When Lin Chao saw it for the first time, his jaw dropped in shock.

The six lice said: Ritual and music, "Poems" and "Books", cultivating goodness and filial piety, honesty and integrity, benevolence and righteousness, not being ashamed of fighting as soldiers.

To be honest, after reading the so-called "six lice and twelve harms", Lin Chao felt that the Confucianists were generous if they didn't beat Shang Yang to death on the spot.

How dare you name the book of rites and music, you are clearly targeting me!

Regarding this, Confucianism said: There are always people who want to harm me!
To put it simply, this whole set of theories is to let the Chinese people abandon redundant and useless emotions such as etiquette, justice, shame, family and friendship, and concentrate on farming and actively go to war.

It has to be said that this is indeed a typical example of anti-humanity.

This is the ignorance in "Book of Shang Jun".

In addition, there is a passage in Jin Lingzhong: Severe punishment and less reward, love the people, and reward when the people die.More rewards and lighter punishments, if the superior does not love the people, the people will not die and reward.Whoever makes a profit, his country is invincible.

The translation is to increase the penalty and reduce the reward. This is the embodiment of the monarch's love for the people.If punishments are heavy and rewards are few, soldiers will fight to the death.

It has to be said that Shang Yang is simply a genius of logic!

As for the last hole, the country is invincible.It is to cut off all the ways to obtain wealth, leaving only the feasible way of being a soldier and fighting.

This is the cruelty of legalism.

Words like this abound in "Book of Shang Jun".

This is also the reason why the Qin army won repeated battles during the Warring States period. Shang Yang's set of laws was not governing the country, but creating a war machine for endless external expansion!
It's powerful, but once this machine stops, it's time for it to fall apart.

It can be said that the seeds of Qin Dynasty II's demise had already been planted during Shang Yang's political reform.

In contrast, Confucianism also has laws.

The law of Confucianism is ritual, which can also be said to be rules.

Compared with Legalists using torture to suppress the people, Confucianism is more inclined to use etiquette, law, benevolence and righteousness to teach the people, so that they can restrain themselves and restore rituals, and the country will be stable.

Comparing the two, it can be said that Confucianism has won.

Of course, when Confucianism developed later, especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it also became a tool for the emperor to imprison the people's thoughts.

But this blame cannot be let the Confucian scholars of the Qin and Han Dynasties or Confucius and Mencius carry it.

　Again, the legalists in the pre-Qin period are completely different from the current society ruled by law, but don’t think that the two are equated.

　　There are many online marketing accounts, but this world needs truth, and things that have long been concluded are useless no matter how much they wash.

　　This chapter can be regarded as a bit of my opinion on the Legalists of the pre-Qin period, and it is also my personal understanding of that period of history.

　　This book is written here, and the results have actually been fixed.So Lao Yu intends to take advantage of the opening of the chapters of the Academy to share some dry goods with everyone, otherwise if the next book does not write history, some things will have to be kept in his heart.

　　The dry goods are naturally a bit dry, and you can skip them if you don’t like them.

　　As for whether this chapter has slandered the Legalists, you can open the books of Shang Jun and Han Feizi and have a look for yourself, which is guaranteed to be an eye-opener.

　　As for the current history circle, there is also a trend of becoming a fan circle. When a certain emperor is mentioned, someone immediately has an intracranial orgasm...

　　To this, Old Yu just wants to say: Old Yu believes that his readers are a bit tough, at least they can tell right from wrong.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)