1635 Han style rises again

Chapter 109 Steel ([-])

Lai Wu was very unlucky and jumped into the sea to escape.I quickly swam to the shore on the side of the pier, climbed ashore and walked quickly into the forest.

After walking not far, I got separated from the companions who climbed ashore together, and then lost my way again.At night, it was dark in the forest, and Lai Wu dared not run around.He climbed up a tree and spent the night in a daze holding a trunk.

At dawn on the second day, Lai Wu heard a dog barking in the forest from a distance.Knowing that the other party started to search for fish that slipped through the net like them, she immediately jumped off the tree and ran to the depths of the forest.

By noon, I was tired and hungry, and my body was shaking.I thought, there are always birds and beasts in the forest, and I can catch them to satisfy my hunger.But firstly, the knife in his hand has long been thrown into the sea, and secondly, there are not many small animals to catch in this broken forest.After finally climbing a few trees, digging out a few bird nests, and eating a few bird eggs, my heart became more and more panicked.In this case, he shouldn't starve to death here.

After wandering around in the forest for a while, I finally met a few companions who had escaped, two of them were subordinates of my brother Lai Si, and the others included old Bangzi and old Yutou.A group of eight or nine people squatted in the woods to discuss for a while.I thought that if I went to the seaside to try my luck, I might be able to find the two ships that hadn't been burned, take advantage of them, snatch them back, and then leave this place.

He stumbled to the beach, and sure enough, he saw the two unburned boats docked at the pier.

Lai Wu and the others quietly entered the water, slowly swam to the bottom of a boat, lapped each other, and climbed towards the boat.

Three or four times in a row, there was no movement.Lai Wu was overjoyed, and followed behind and climbed up.But just as he climbed onto the side of the ship and poked his head out to look around, he suddenly found five or six muskets aimed at him.And the first few companions who came up squatted on the deck dejectedly.

Just as Lai Wu was about to yell, he saw a big one-armed man opposite him, putting his finger to his mouth, signaling him not to yell.

Looking at the black muzzle of the gun, Lai Wu could only imitate his companions, jump off the side of the ship, and squat honestly on the deck.

It wasn't until the last two were unable to climb up that Chen Dalang led his men, holding muskets, and ordered the pirates in the water to swim to the pier and capture them all.

"Lai Wu, you used to follow Kang Yongzu, right?" Yu Fukun thought for a while, then asked Chen Dalang.

"That's right, he used to follow Kang Yongzu. He has an older brother, Lai Si. Half a year ago, he was that guy, and he had a mess with us in Zhangpu. He was pushed to the ground by Brother Dahai and taught him a lesson!" Chen Dalang Said.

Hearing "Brother Haihai", Qi Tian raised his head, it was his elder brother.In a daze, it seemed to be a long time ago, but when I mentioned Lai Si, I realized that it was only half a year.The elder brother's appearance is a bit blurred.

"Then cut it off!" Yu Fukun glanced at Qi Tian and sighed slightly in his heart.

In the next few days, Jianye City guards and Minzhuang arrested more than 260 people in the wild.Counting the number of attackers provided by the thieves, there were more than 60, more than 180 were killed (plus those who were injured and died earlier), more than [-] were captured, and only a dozen people fled without a trace.

After searching for a few more days, there was no trace of the thief, so I had to give up.Perhaps they were drowned in the sea, or died of injuries or illnesses in the mountains, or were killed alone by the nearby aborigines, it seemed possible.

All production and life in Jianye City and Montenegro have gradually returned to normal.

In Montenegro Fortress, a group of craftsmen gathered around an ironmaking blast furnace, all sweating profusely, staring at the raging flames in the blast furnace.As the flames continue to change, it means that the iron ore has started a chemical reaction.

The iron ore put into the blast furnace is carefully beneficiated to remove other impurities to improve the grade of the iron ore, and then it is crushed, pulverized, and sintered before being sent to the blast furnace for smelting.

A large amount of refined coke is used to provide heat and generate reducing agent ~ ~ carbon monoxide.Limestone is used to make slag and remove gangue, so that iron generated by smelting can be separated from impurities.

The main equipment for ironmaking is the small blast furnace in front of you.During smelting, iron ore, coke, and limestone are fed from top to bottom from the furnace top inlet, and hot air is blown into the furnace from bottom to top through the air inlet at the same time. At high temperature, the reactants fully contact and react. get iron.

Blast furnace ironmaking refers to putting iron ore, coke, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other fuels and fluxes (in theory, iron can be smelted at high temperature after mixing metals with stronger metal mobility than iron with ore) into blast furnaces for smelting. Metallic iron (pig iron) is obtained by removing impurities.

As the flame gradually turns purple, it indicates that the temperature in the furnace is gradually increasing.

After more than four hours, the ore in the furnace has completed the reaction, the molten iron sinks to the bottom of the furnace, and the slag floats on it.

"Almost..., it's done!" Marciolo was sweating profusely, staring at the flames in the blast furnace that had begun to change color.

A craftsman gritted his teeth, opened the baffle of the tap hole, and released the molten iron from the tap hole.The molten iron is introduced into the molds prepared in advance one by one to form iron bars, iron blocks, and iron plates.It is used as ironware preparation for making various production and living tools in the future.

In Qi Tian's view, if a high-strength stamping equipment can be built, when the molten iron is solidified and not yet hardened, the stamping equipment can be placed under the stamping equipment, and various molds can be used to produce corresponding tools (tools) at one time.

The development of science and technology has a long way to go!However, this small blast furnace actually trial-produced qualified ironware at one time, which can be regarded as a small progress.

The gangue, coke and ash in the blast furnace iron ore are combined with the limestone and other fluxes added to the furnace to form slag, which is discharged from the taphole and slag outlet respectively.

Large particles of slag are naturally piled up outside the steel workshop, and will be transported to the road to pave the way.

The fine slag is stored to provide raw materials for cement kilns.

Since ironmaking can be done at one time, it seems that steelmaking should be easier.

In steelmaking, the main purpose is to reduce the excessively high carbon content in pig iron.For steel, phosphorus is a harmful element, which will reduce the plasticity and toughness of steel, and cause cold brittleness (as the temperature decreases, the strength of metal materials increases, while the toughness decreases), and its content needs to be limited below 0.05%.Manganese, however, adds to steel's sturdiness, strength and wear resistance.In addition, silicon also helps to increase the strength of steel.Therefore, when making steel, it is necessary to remove elements such as phosphorus and sulfur in pig iron that affect the properties of steel, while retaining or increasing elements such as silicon and manganese and adjusting the ratio between elements.

Although, people in the steel industry or construction industry in later generations know these principles and applications.However, in the late Ming Dynasty, people may simply keep heating molten iron for steelmaking, so it will be called hundred steelmaking.

The most commonly used method is called "filling steel", also known as "group steel".It is a high-quality steel with high carbon content and uniform texture obtained by smelting pig iron and wrought iron together (iron with a carbon content of 0% to 05% is called steel).This original method of pouring steel smelting was invented at least during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

The steel pouring method is an outstanding achievement in ancient my country's steelmaking technology.Its invention and promotion are of great significance for increasing the output of steel and improving the quality of weapons, agricultural tools and hand tools.Therefore, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, this method was favored by smelters; in the Song Dynasty, it was popular all over the country, and it was innovated and perfected, becoming the main steelmaking method at that time.In Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan", in addition to remembering the smelting method at that time, the word "iron steel" was mentioned for the first time.He said: "The so-called steel forged iron in the world uses soft iron to bend the pan, but pig iron is trapped in it, sealed with mud and tempered, and forged into each other. It is called lump steel, and it is also called pouring steel."

In the Ming Dynasty, in addition to the improved steel filling technology, a new type of steel filling smelting method was produced, which is the "Su Steel" smelting method.

"Sugang" is the advanced stage of Guangang's development, and the advantages of Guangang are fully displayed here.

According to legend, "Su Steel" was invented by Jiangsu people, so it is called "Su Steel".

Its smelting method is to put pig iron and wrought iron together for smelting, and when the pig iron is melted and the iron juice is about to flow, then rub the pig iron into the wrought iron, and pour steel into it.

The small blast furnace steelmaking planned by Qitian is completely different from the previous steelmaking technology. It is easier to use and promote, and the output is higher than the "steel pouring" technology.

(End of this chapter)