My system is not decent

Chapter 1258 The favorite of collectors

Color glazes such as snakeskin green are extremely rare, and this Qianlong official kiln jade pot and spring vase is also very rare;
Its glaze color is pure and uniform, bright and handsome, and the inner white glaze and the outer snakeskin green glaze complement each other. Although there is no decoration, it is pure, handsome, simple and generous.

This kind of color glaze, in the Qianlong period, was also very expensive to fire, and the technical difficulty was even greater, so there are very few remaining works.

The last is the old monk's clothes. This glaze color first appeared in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and it is a variety of sauce-colored glaze.

Its color is similar to the old monk's clothes worn by Buddhist monks, so it is called "old monk's clothes" color.

To be honest, this is actually a variant of the color of tea leaves.

These kinds of glaze colors have actually been summarized by the ancients in a very specific way.

For example, Xu Zhiheng's "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" said: "After Kangxi, light yellow was only used, which is collectively called egg yolk. The darker one is called cooked egg yolk, and the lighter one is called raw egg yolk. If it is black and green, It is called tea powder.

The origin of tea powder is the oldest, one is pure tea powder, and the other is impure tea powder.The impure ones tend to be yellow or green.The pure ones are like grinding the tea leaves into fine powder and mixing them in the glaze.

Its black color is slightly thicker with yellow broken spots, and those surrounding the soles of the feet are called eel skin, which is also pictographic.Like snuff, like vegetable tails, like old monk's clothes, they are all variants of tea leaves."

Sun Chuanting's "Four Songs of Chrysanthemums - Old Monk's Clothes" chant "Yuan Gong used to live in Yuanming Society, and Shi Shi should pick up hermit flowers. Regardless of Zen, the mind is always lonely, so I teach autumn colors to be full of cassocks."

Therefore, even a seemingly simple tea powder glaze is not simple.

If you really want to study in depth, there are still many things worth learning.

For example, the earliest tea powder glaze was first seen in the Tang Dynasty.

In the Song Dynasty, it had already been fired to perfection!

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of them were fired in official kilns.

For example, the glaze color of tea powder fired in the Ming Dynasty is yellow and moist, like eel skin, which is "eel yellow".

In the Qing Dynasty, the tea powder glaze was the most utensils from the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, and the firing technology was excellent.

Among them, most of the works in the Yongzheng period are yellowish, while the works in the Qianlong period are mostly greenish, and even have a bronze glaze color, which is deep in tone and has the ancient flavor of bronze ware.

If you really want to study yellow glaze systematically, you must know the development of color glaze in China.

According to glaze color and decoration, ancient Chinese porcelain is mainly divided into two categories: colored glazed porcelain and painted porcelain.

We all know painted porcelain, including overglaze colored porcelain, underglaze colored porcelain, and fighting colored porcelain in which overglaze and underglaze colors compete for beauty.

For example, blue and white porcelain with underglaze color, multicolored porcelain with overglaze color, and fighting color porcelain in Ming Chenghua, the representative of which is the fighting color chicken cup.

The color glazed porcelain can be divided into two types: single-color glazed porcelain and multi-color glazed porcelain.

Such as Jihong porcelain with single-color glaze, and flower-glazed porcelain with multi-color glaze.

Among them, flower glaze porcelain, even if we have been in contact with it, we are not very familiar with it.

Flower glaze porcelain is an innovative variety in the firing process of ceramics in the Tang Dynasty. It is called "Tang Jun" in the antique circle, also known as "Hua Jun".

Blue, sky blue, tan, gray purple or milky white color spots are embellished on black glaze, tea powder glaze, soy sauce brown glaze or gray white glaze, giving people a sense of natural good fortune and unpredictable changes. flower jun.

In the "Jiegulu" written by Nan Zhuo of the Tang Dynasty, there is a description of "Lushan Flower Porcelain".

In cultural and museum circles, the flower porcelain products found in Duandian kiln, Huangdao kiln, Xiabaiyu kiln, Deng kiln, Jiaocheng kiln, Huangbao kiln, etc. are collectively called "Lushan flower porcelain".

Lushan flower porcelain created a new technique of two-liquid phase separation glaze, which opened up a new realm for the beautification and decoration of black glaze porcelain.

It also made the black-glazed porcelain appear gorgeous and colorful kiln changes, creating a precedent for the well-known Jun kiln porcelain kiln changes at home and abroad.

Chen Wenzhe fired Ru kiln and Ding kiln, but Jun kiln, one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, has never been in contact with it.

This time, getting in touch with Huajun in advance and researching it can be regarded as laying the foundation for imitating Jun kilns in the future!
Besides, Lushan Huajun is really not simple.

Lushan flower porcelain has a large number of colorful spots incomparably miraculously, some are smeared randomly, some are splashed indulgently, the secret is supernatural, without old style, showing the heroic spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

This makes flower-glazed porcelain unique in the "South Green and North White" porcelain pattern, and has also become the darling of modern public and private collectors.

The firing process is really not easy to say.

Flower-glazed porcelain is to use glazes containing two different metal oxide coloring agents, glaze the body twice, and fire at high temperature.

Its characteristic is that on the ground of black glaze, yellow glaze, sky blue glaze or tea powder glaze, it is decorated with sky blue or moon white patches, which vary in number, or are regular, or float.

Or dark glaze sets off light colored spots, or light colored glaze ground is decorated with dark colored spots.

The characteristic of flower glaze porcelain is that it is straightforward and eye-catching, and it also shows strong contrast.

Among them, Lushan kiln and Jiaxian kiln are more famous.

Flower glaze porcelain is the foundation of Jun kiln in Song Dynasty, and its successful firing has laid the foundation for the emergence and development of Jun kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty.

It is named after the three-color glazed porcelain with black background, milky white and blue spots produced in Lushan in Tang Dynasty.

Tang Nanzhuo wrote "Jiegulu": "It is not Qingzhou Shimo, that is Lushan flower porcelain."

Since then, the central position of flower porcelain in Tang Dynasty (Lushan flower porcelain) has been confirmed.

With a history of 1400 years, the Jun porcelain of the Tang Dynasty is thick and smooth, full of antiquity, exaggerating tension and excitement, pursuit, unrestrained and agitation, and is regarded as a treasure of Chinese ceramics.

The most famous of this kind of porcelain should be Huaci Waist Drum!

There are very few Lushan flower porcelain waist drums in stock, and now there is a porcelain waist drum handed down from the Qing Palace in the Palace Museum.

This waist drum is 59 cm long and 22.2 cm in diameter. It is in the shape of a long cylinder, thick at both ends and thin in the middle.

The body of the drum has seven protruding prismatic lines and dark patterns, and the whole body is black glazed as the ground, decorated with milky white and blue plaques, which are regularly arranged and distributed throughout the vessel.

The utensils are rough, dignified, bold and unconstrained, and the plaques are naturally ethereal.

Because Tang flower glazed porcelain represented the highest level of porcelain art in northern my country at that time, Lushan flower porcelain has important research and development value in the history of Chinese ceramics.

However, due to the development of history and the turmoil of the current situation, coupled with the fact that the terrain of Lushan Mountain is mostly mountainous, the waterway transportation is not smooth.

In the end, during the Tang Dynasty, the unique cultural environment of Lushan, which was close to the capital Luoyang, no longer existed, so the famous porcelain of a generation - Lushan flower porcelain, was gradually forgotten by people.

Now it is extremely difficult to restore the ancient Lushan flower porcelain firing process.

Because in the Tang Dynasty, the firing of glazed porcelain was more complicated.

Because different glazes have different expansion coefficients at high temperatures.

When cooling, there will be different shrinkage coefficients.

Therefore, when one glaze is covered on another glaze, the coefficients of thermal expansion and contraction between the two must be the same in order to achieve a perfect artistic effect.

Therefore, it is more difficult to fire good colored glaze porcelain. Even if Chen Wenzhe wants to imitate firing, he still needs to study it carefully.

(End of this chapter)