My system is not decent

Chapter 1467
This set of [-] golden chime bells is graceful and luxurious in shape, showing the extraordinary style of court musical instruments and ritual vessels.

It can be made of gold and can strike different tones, so this set of golden chimes has become an exquisite musical instrument, which is rare in the world.

Their craftsmanship and cultural relic value far exceed the weight of gold itself.

For example, the music "Dongfanghong" played by my country's first artificial satellite was played by golden chime bells.

Now the sixteen chimes in the capital are placed in two large glass cabinets and displayed in the Treasure Hall of the Palace Museum.

Thousands of Chinese and foreign people come to watch it every day.

Chime bells are arranged and combined bells with different shapes and sizes in different eras. The chime bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng in the Warring States Period unearthed in Suizhou, Beihu, have attracted worldwide attention.

There must be only one set of such a national treasure, and Chen Wenzhe definitely won't get it.

He really didn't expect that he could get a set of golden chime bells from the Qing palace today.

Moreover, it is a complete set, with a total of 16 pieces of large and small according to different temperaments.

Now looking at the craftsmanship, there is no problem at all, so the next step is to look at the connotation, that is, the rhythm and syllables.

Ancient chime bells and chimes were distinguished by volume;

The golden chime bells are uniform in shape, and the scales are distinguished by different thicknesses, which is especially rare.

With Jing Yunzhong's casting experience, Chen Wenzhe also knows a little about ancient music.

Of course, the music of the Qing Dynasty was already very close to modern music.

As for the syllables above bells and chimes, Chen Wenzhe is very proficient.

Chime bells are large-scale percussion instruments in ancient my country, mostly used in royal ceremonies.

This set of sixteen gold chimes has two coiled dragon-shaped button patterns on the top of the bells.

The middle part is engraved with cloud and dragon patterns, and the lower part has 6 raised round lips, which can make sound when knocked on the round lips.

The interval size of different chime bells is realized by adjusting the thickness of the bell body.

The thinner the bell body, the lower the pronunciation.

It should be noted that each chime bell is engraved with its own law name on the side.

This corresponds to the quadruple temperament in the temperament of the Qing Dynasty, that is, the bass, and the twelve temperament.

These temperaments are: Beiyize, Beinanlu, Beiwushe, Beiyingzhong, Huangzhong, Dalu, Taicu, Jiazhong, Guxi, Zhonglu, Ruibin, Linzhong, Yize, Nanlu , No shooting, Ying Zhong.

Among them, the Twelve Laws of Zheng in the Qing Dynasty originated from the Twelve Laws of "Lu Shi Chunqiu".

The determination of the latter's temperament name and the method of generation contain very rich ancient scientific connotations.

In the field of acoustics, the relationship between pitch and frequency is: the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch; the lower the frequency, the lower the pitch.

In physics, the frequency is closely related to the length of the vibrating body.

Taking the rhythm pipe as an example, the sound produced by the rhythm pipe is determined by its natural frequency.

Frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the sound wave, and the wavelength of the sound wave is directly proportional to the length of the tube.

Therefore, the frequency of the law tube is inversely proportional to the tube length.

When the pipe diameter remains the same, the shorter the pipe, the higher the frequency and the higher the pitch.

Correspondingly, when the length of the temperament pipe is reduced by half, its pitch is correspondingly raised by one octave.

The so-called "octave" refers to the interval between two tones with the same roll name.

如1（中音）、2、3、4、5、6、7、1（高音）即为一个八度。

Zhou Gongdan wrote "Zhou Li", in which "Chunguan Zongbo No. [-] Diantong" contains "everything is a musical instrument, it is counted by the two laws of ten".

That is, the sound of musical instruments is determined by the twelve laws.

The "Twelve Rhythms" are the tone rhythm guidelines set by the ancients.

That is to say, taking the Huangzhong rhythm as the standard tone, divide an octave into twelve semitones that are not exactly the same.

Lu Buwei and others wrote "Lu Shi Chunqiu", in which "The Fifth Midsummer Ancient Music" recorded the origin of the twelve rhythms.

The Yellow Emperor ordered Ling Lun, a music official, to compose the melody. Ling Lun took bamboo from the valley, cut off a section of three inches and nine minutes, and played it.

He set the sound it made as the palace sound of Huang Zhonglu, and based on this, he made twelve bamboo tubes and adjusted the pronunciation of each tube to varying degrees.

Huang Zhong, as the benchmark of the twelve laws, is closely related to the ancients' understanding of weights and measures.

According to the twenty-first volume of "Hanshu", the "degree" to measure length originated from the length of Huangzhong's rhythm tube, the "quantity" to measure volume originated from the capacity of Huangzhong's rhythm tube, and the "quantity" to measure lightness originated from the weight of Huangzhong's rhythm tube.

Once the rhythm of Huang Zhong is determined, it will not change with others.

Correspondingly, Huangzhong temperament is the initial temperament, and other temperaments are generated based on Huangzhong temperament.

Some modern scholars believe that using the Huangzhong rhythm tube as the standard of weights and measures is equivalent to defining the standard length by the wavelength of sound waves.

In addition, the ancient pre-Qin book "Guanzi" "Fifty-eighth member of the land" contains "the first master is one and three, and the four are opened to combine ninety-nine, so it is the first of Huangzhong Xiaosu".

According to the description of this passage, the value of the temperament of Huang Zhong's temperament is: 1×34=81.

"Ji Xia Ji Sixth Temperament" in "Lu Shi Chunqiu" contains: "Huang Zhong gave birth to Lin Zhong, Lin Zhong gave birth to Tai Su, Tai Su gave birth to Nan Lu, Nan Lu gave birth to Gu Xi, Gu Xi gave birth to Ying Zhong, Ying Zhong gave birth to Rui Bin, and Rui Bin gave birth to Da Lu, Da Lu gave birth to Yi, and Yi gave birth to Jiazhong, Jiazhong gave birth to Wushe, and Wushe gave birth to Zhonglu. What is born from three parts, more than one part of the benefit is born. What is born from three parts, less than one part is born.

This passage explains the generation method of the twelve temperaments: divide the base temperament degree into thirds, and then increase one of the divisions to generate a new temperament upwards;
If one part of it is reduced, a new law can be born downward;
Here, "upper life" means that the length of the vibrating body increases by 1/3, and "lower life" means that the length of the vibrating body decreases by 1/3.

According to the records in the book, the rhythms of Huangzhong, Taixu, Guxi, Ruibin, Dalu, Jiazhong, Zhonglu, etc. belong to the "Shangsheng".

Lin Zhong, Nan Lu, Ying Zhong, Yi Ze, Wu She and other rhythms belong to "Xiasheng".

The rhythms of "upper life" and "lower life" are collectively called "twelve laws".

Because this method determines the temperament by adding or subtracting 1/3 of the length of the vibrating body, it is called the "three-point profit and loss method".

Of course, many people are not musicians, and they don't study temperament, so they don't need to know too much.

Now we only need to know that here, "Qing Huang Zhong" is the higher octave of Huang Zhong.

The order of the rhythms from low to high is: Huang Zhong, Da Lu, Tai Cu, Jia Zhong, Gu Xi, Zhong Lu, Rui Bin, Lin Zhong, Yi Ze, Nan Lu, Wu She, Ying Zhong, Qing Huang Zhong .

Among them, the six odd-numbered rhythms of Huangzhong, Taicu, Guxi, Ruibin, Yize, and Wushe are Yang rhythms, also known as "six rhythms";
The six even-numbered rhythms of Dalu, Jiazhong, Zhonglu, Linzhong, Nanlu, and Yingzhong are Yin rhythms, also known as "Liu Lu".

The twelve laws generated based on the three-point profit and loss method are easy to express the beauty of the melody.

The three-point profit and loss method can be said to be an earlier method of using mathematical knowledge to find temperament in our country.

The determination of the twelve temperaments is the comprehensive application of ancient Chinese mathematics, physics, optics, surveying and other knowledge in the field of temperament.

The golden bells in the Qing Dynasty adopted the revised "Zheng Twelve Laws".

But the basis of its modification is the "Twelve Laws".

Therefore, it can embody the rich ancient rhythm science, and it is also a reflection of the wisdom of the ancient working people.

(End of this chapter)