My system is not decent

Chapter 1473 Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project

Although the fragment of the slate in Chen Wenzhe's hand is not part of the Rosetta Stone, this piece of slate comes from the same ancient Egyptian temple as the Rosetta Stone.

This slate is also from a mural in this temple.

To be more precise, it is a bas-relief sculpture in the temple.

It's a pity that this piece of relief is really broken.

That temple was destroyed back then, including the Rosetta Stone, plus the broken stone slab in Chen Wenzhe's hand, a piece was packed into a box and buried in the ground.

It was later discovered by the soldier and reborn.

It's just that after they were born, they had a different fate from the well-preserved Rosetta Stone. They were divided among soldiers, officers, and nobles.

The monolithic Rosetta Stone catches the eye, overshadowing the smaller slabs.

Therefore, it became inevitable to carve up these crushed stone slabs.

"It's no wonder that Westerners think that ancient Egypt is the oldest civilization on earth, and they have the earliest writing left!"

Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, more than 5000 years ago, but what about our oracle bone inscriptions?

The oracle bone inscriptions we have discovered now only reflect various aspects of social life in my country's Shang Dynasty from 1300 BC to 1000 BC.

Judging from the more than [-] pieces of oracle bone inscriptions discovered so far, the content is an oracle that records the [-] years between Pan Geng's move to Yin and King Zhou.

Yin Shang has three major characteristics, namely, faithful history, drinking and worshiping ghosts and gods;
It is also because of this that these tortoise shells that determine fishing, conquest, and agriculture can be seen again in later generations and become important materials for the study of Chinese characters.

Different from the characters on the slate in front of me, there were already excellent pens and inks in the Shang Dynasty of our country. The calligraphy was engraved by deed, and the style was thin and sharp, with the taste of a blade.

Affected by the ups and downs of writing styles, the contents recorded in oracle bone inscriptions can be roughly divided into five periods.

In the late Shang Dynasty, it took about 273 years from Pan Geng's move to Yin to King Zhou of Shang Dynasty, and experienced 8 generations and 12 kings.

The oracle bone inscriptions of this period should also be divided into early and late.

There are many opinions on the periodical research on the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty.

Today, Dong Zuobin's five-period theory is mainly adopted based on ten criteria such as lineage, appellation, and chastity.

That is, the first phase: Pan Geng, Xiao Xin, Xiao Yi, Wu Ding;
The second phase: Zu Geng, Zu Jia;
The third period: Lin Xin and Kang Ding;
The fourth period: Wu Yi, Wen Ding;
The fifth issue: Emperor Yi and Emperor Xin.

There is only the Shang Dynasty, not the history of the Xia Dynasty.

Because until now, we have not discovered the characters of the Xia Dynasty, so many scholars in the world do not believe that the Chinese civilization has a civilization of [-] years.

If according to their conditions, there are characters, pottery and other tools can be made, then our Chinese civilization has a history of at most [-] years.

Of course we don't recognize this, that's why the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project came about later.

Our Chinese civilization has a long history, but the "credible history" with documented years began in the first year of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

That is, 841 BC, found in "Historical Records Chronology of the Twelve Princes".

The previous historical eras are all vague.

Sima Qian said in "Historical Records" that he has read many documents about the Yellow Emperor. Although there are also records of the age, these dates are vague and inconsistent.

So he abandoned it and did not use it. In "Historical Records Three Generations", only the lineages of the kings of Xia, Shang and Zhou were recorded, without the specific reign period.

Therefore, the history of our country before the first year of the Republic has not had a recognized chronology.

The first scholar to do systematic research on the chronology of Chinese history before the first year of the Republic of my country was Liu Xin in the late Western Han Dynasty.

Liu Xin's calculations and research results are reflected in his "Shi Jing".

The main content of "Shi Jing" was later included in "Han Shu·Lv Li Zhi".

From Liu Xin to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many scholars have calculated and studied the age of our country's history before the first year of the Republic.

These works have certain limitations, because the documents used in their calculations are basically no more than those seen by Sima Qian, so it is difficult to make breakthroughs.

After the late Qing Dynasty, the situation changed. Scholars began to conduct chronological research based on the inscriptions on bronze wares, which expanded the source of information.

The discovery of oracle bone inscriptions in 1899 provided a new source of material for chronological research.

After entering the 20th century, the development of archeology in my country has accumulated a large amount of materials for the study of Xia, Shang and Zhou chronology.

In fact, the ancients did not deceive us. Sima Qian said long ago: "The residences of the past three generations were all between Heluo."

The important archaeological discoveries about the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in recent decades have proved how close the relationship between the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties and Heluo is.

However, the history of our country does not have the exact date of Xia, Shang and Zhou before and part of Xia, Shang and Zhou.

The exact age of ancient times recorded in ancient Chinese books can only be traced back to the first year of the Western Zhou Dynasty (ie 841 BC) according to Sima Qian's "Historical Records: The Chronology of the Twelve Princes".

Further up, there are differences, or there are kings but no years, and there is an abnormal phenomenon of "[-] years of civilization, [-] years of history".

Did the Xia Dynasty exist or not?When was the handover between Xia and Shang?
Is the Erlitou site between Heluo and Luozhou really the capital city of my country's first Xia dynasty?

Some foreign scholars even believe that the so-called Xia Dynasty is simply a historical legend imagined by businessmen.

The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties were honored as the "Three Dynasties" by the ancients, and their main activities were all in the Heluo area.

In my country's five thousand years of civilization, it occupies an extremely important position.

It is a pity if there is no exact date.

So in May 1996, the country launched the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project.

The project is to combine the humanities and natural sciences, concentrate the advantages of related disciplines, and formulate the "Xia Shang Annual Table" with scientific basis.

According to the different situations of the materials in each historical stage, the "Xia Shang Anniversary Table" should achieve a more accurate date for the kings before the first year of the Western Zhou Dynasty;
For the kings below Wuding in the late Shang Dynasty, a more accurate date is put forward;
For the early Shang Dynasty, a more detailed chronological framework is proposed;
For the Xia Dynasty, a basic chronological framework is proposed.

The Xia, Shang and Zhou Dating Project has concentrated 9 disciplines and 12 majors, and more than 200 experts and scholars have jointly tackled key problems.

Based on historical documents, they will try to collect, analyze and organize the materials related to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties and astronomical phenomena in the ancient books of our country;

Astronomers should comprehensively summarize the achievements of predecessors in astrochronology, infer some absolute dates, and determine scientific and accurate coordinates for the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties;
Archaeologists will conduct systematic research on archaeological remains that are closely related to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and establish relative chronological series and stages;

In terms of dating science and technology, carbon-14 dating methods are mainly used, including conventional methods and accelerator mass spectrometer methods.

(End of this chapter)