My system is not decent

For the generation of researchers in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was almost no problem of identifying things.

Because at that time there was no such high technology as now, and a large number of 1:1 high imitations copied in proportion.

Almost all the porcelain that passed the eye during that period were authentic.

But for our current generation of researchers, that's troublesome.

If you are still only at the 4th grade level of elementary school and do not understand the basic principles of physical chemistry, it will be difficult to break through the height of following others, and you will not know why.

Of course, in addition to these scientific identification knowledge, you also need to understand a lot of history and humanities.

Song Huizong’s imperial collection, the colorful Ru Kiln Chai Kiln, and friends who love to collect these treasures, can only stop and not talk about it.

Because if you continue talking, you will be scolded.

Why not?Because I can't tell.

Let me tell you that Ru kiln does not have narcissus pots, so it cannot be counted. It has to be verified whether there are narcissus plants in the Northern Song Dynasty.

It has to be verified who first called it the narcissus basin?Have to research to find out what is the name of the narcissus basin?
These are all brain-intensive and time-consuming.

What's more, it's not worth it to explain clearly to people who can't explain clearly.

Back to the original story, this time I will talk about the cultural relics Yongle Flower Watering collected by the famous Palace Museum.

At present, researchers in the cultural and museum circles have only stopped at the level of research on Yongle blue-and-white porcelain and Xuande blue-and-white porcelain cultural relics, and found that this vessel is made of imitation brass wares in the Middle East.

Furthermore, Mr. Geng Baochang said in the book "Ming and Qing Porcelain Appraisal" that Xuande flowers have no dragon handles, and Yongle flowers have dragon handles.

Yongle has a long neck and a round belly, while Xuande has a short neck and a flat belly.

Chen Wenzhe once deliberately found the original version in the Middle East, and compared it with Xuande's collection.

It is for comparison and identification to find out whether these theories are correct and perfect.

First look at the original Middle Eastern version. Except that the bottom foot is ring-shaped, the edge of the mouth protrudes, and there is a kind of spacer at the bottom of the dragon handle, which looks like a Jewish star. The Yongle porcelain should be a relatively perfect copy of the elements of the original Middle Eastern version.

Including on the original utensils, the body of the utensils is chiseled out in gold and silverware, and the floral decorations and a circle of protrusions on the neck.

The convex ridge below the rim is shown on this Yongle cultural relic collected by the Palace Museum, which can be said to be a very good imitation.

The Yong musical instruments collected by the Palace Museum should be imitated from bronze wares in the Middle East.

In other words, when this thing was sent to Jingzhen to be fired, it must have been a model in the palace, and Jingzhen followed it.

This is a good proof that during the Yongle period in the early Ming Dynasty, there must have been business exchanges between my country and the Middle East.

But is this thing really a flower waterer?This is suspicious.

Who gave the name of the flower water?It is definitely wrong to use this thing for drinking water, but it seems to be fine for watering flowers.

But anyone who has grown flowers knows that this thing is easy to break when watering flowers, and it is too thick to hold much water.

For watering the flowers, it is still made of iron sheet, which is reliable and not afraid of bumps and bumps.

Is it wrong?By the way, in fact, this thing is not used to water flowers at all, but is similar to the ancient Chinese 匜, which is used to wash hands.

People in the Middle East use their hands to eat instead of knives, forks and chopsticks. They must wash their hands before eating according to the teaching.

For rich families and the court, washing hands is to sit on the seat, wait for the waiter to come over and wash hands with water in copper vessels, and there is a tray below to catch the water.

This so-called flower watering is used for this purpose in the Middle East.

However, in the court of the Ming Dynasty, bowls and chopsticks were used for eating, so the habit of washing hands before meals disappeared.

What is the use of this thing?Can't it be used for drinking tea and bars?It's too heavy for drinking.

Only when you understand its purpose can you name it correctly.

The correct name of this utensil should be in the collection of the Palace Museum: Ming Yongle Blue and White Hand Sanitizer, not Huadiao.

As for the difference between Yongxuan, there is also an atypical collection of Xuande flower pouring cultural relics.

It can only be said that according to the discovered data, the hand-cleaning artifacts without money should be the early cultural relics from Yongle to Xuande.

The hand cleaner with money is a cultural relic after the middle period of Xuande.

Such a conclusion should be more scientific.

Finally, let me talk about something scientific. Most of the blue and white cultural relics of Yongle and Xuande in the Ming Dynasty were imported Su Ma Li Qing.

Because firing Yuan blue and white flowers, especially high imitation Yuan blue and white flowers, must face the fatal flaw of Su Mali Qing.

If you use ordinary glazes, or imitate blue-and-white devices from the middle and late Ming and Qing Dynasties, you don't have to worry about it, because there is no Su Ma Li Qing in this period.

In the Yuan Dynasty, or the early and middle Ming Dynasty, this problem was inevitable.

Why in the Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, the blue and white flowers were easy to smudge, but the blue and white flowers in the Qing Dynasty were not easy to smudge?
In the blue and white paintings of the Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, the lines on the screen are not clear, and this phenomenon is called "halo".

Due to dizziness, there are few figure paintings with clear facial features, eyebrows and hair in this period.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the blue and white flowers rarely smudged, so the men and eyebrows of the figure paintings are clear.

For example, during the Yongle period, due to dizziness, there were very few figure paintings with clear facial features, eyebrows, and hair in this period.

However, the blue and white paintings of the middle and late Ming and Qing dynasties seldom smudged, so the figure paintings have clear eyebrows.

The so-called "diffusion", in scientific terms, is the diffusion of colorants from the colored area to the non-colored area.

The research results show that the degree of diffusion is mainly related to the formula of the pigment and the development degree of anorthite crystals on the reaction layer.

Generally speaking, more flux is added to the color material, which is beneficial to color development.

In the Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, when the blue and white production technology was not yet mature, it was necessary to do so to improve the yield.

Early blue and white porcelain, because they all use cobalt-containing high-iron and low-manganese Sumaliqing materials, they all have the basic characteristics of Sumaliqing materials.

The halo is the most basic feature formed by Su Mali green material on porcelain.

It can be said that if the material of Sumali green cobalt is used, there must be dizziness.

At the same time, many of the other features formed by Su materials on blue and white porcelain are related to the existence of "halo".

Therefore, the halo phenomenon is like a key that opens the door to authenticity identification of early blue and white porcelain.

Generally speaking, dizziness mainly manifests in two types.

The first type is the fuzzy or fluid state of the edge of the coagulation spots formed by these beaded halos.

The second type is the painted base color pigment, which is like the ink dripping on the rice paper and its area is larger than the former.

The blooming of the first kind of beaded coagulation spots, also called scatter, must be based on the color base of the second kind of blooming.

That is, the dispersion of the former is aided by the blurring of the latter.

It should be emphasized that, in practice, the first kind of beaded dispersion situation is more and more obvious than the second kind of blurred state.

Why do halos occur?The main premise is that Su Ma Li Qing material must be the main material.