My system is not decent

Chapter 1548 Hongwu Official Kiln
Chen Wenzhe knows how to make old, so he knows how difficult it is to make the air bubbles under the glaze layer.

Especially the unbroken aging glaze bubbles, you won't even be given the chance to cheat, how do you make them old?

Because no matter what method you use, you don't want to penetrate the glaze layer, and make the effect into the air bubbles under the glaze layer.

Although he has never seen this piece of porcelain with his own eyes, Chen Wenzhe thinks that it would be too simple and rude to deny some porcelain with Hongwu year loan just because no porcelain with date stamp was found in the Hongwu period.

After all, there is really not only one or two pieces of such porcelain, but none of them have been recognized as authentic.

In addition to the above two pieces, there is actually a more difficult piece of porcelain, which is a blue and white underglaze red plum vase "made in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty".

Underglaze red itself is difficult to fire, and blue and white underglaze red is even more difficult to fire.

Therefore, if this piece is genuine, it is worth more.

What's more, there is also an inscription made in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty on it.

This red plum vase in blue and white glaze is 35 cm high and 5 cm in diameter.

It has round feet and a white and delicate carcass, made of hemp warehouse soil.

This is the point, even if it is an imitation, where does the Ma Cang soil come from?

Also, its water absorption, the foot trimming is not fine enough, and the string pattern with milky protrusions is obvious.

The glaze surface is bluish white, and it feels bumpy when touched by hands, and there are many brown eyes and dust.

The shape of the device is correct, the shoulders are tucked down, and the shoulders are painted with Tang grass patterns.

The most important thing is that on the front of this circle of Tang grass patterns, the inscriptions of "Daming Hongwu Year" are written horizontally and arranged from right to left in regular script.

The font is strong and hand-written, so this piece of porcelain is also known as the first official kiln inscription discovered in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty.

And to be able to have this kind of title and dare to claim to be the number one is definitely not easy.

The main decoration of this plum vase is blue and white underglaze red with cloud patterns.

The dragon pattern is single, extremely ferocious.

It opens its mouth and sticks out its tongue, its three claws are sharp, and its flame pattern flutters strongly, showing a colorful, vigorous and exquisite picture.

The blue-and-white red color has strong hair color and exquisite painting. The blue-and-white is painted with imported Sumali green material. There are relatively strong iron embroidery spots showing tin light, slightly dizzy and deep into the fetal bone.

This is because the green material is not pure enough, it may be the waste green material left over from the Yuan Dynasty.

The red is bright and slightly gray, with few red spots.

If we only look at these characteristics, this plum vase seems mediocre, without any outstanding performance.

In fact, there are still many unique features, for example, it has a dazzling brilliance, which is recognized by different official kilns.

This inscription is written by hand, and needless to say, it is very rare in existence.

If it is genuine, its value may be more valuable than Yuan blue and white.

The second point, maybe from this point, it is really confirmed that there were official kilns in the year of Hongwu.

Moreover, it can also be determined from this time that the Royal Kiln Factory was roughly established.

Because judging from this plum vase, its appearance time should be relatively early, that is, the early Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty.

From this point, we can determine the establishment time of Hongwu official kiln.

"Hongwu" is the reign title of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang.

There are two theories about the time when the imperial kiln factory was established in the early Ming Dynasty.

One is the 35th year of Hongwu recorded in "Jiangxi Dazhi" written by Ming Jiajing Wang Zongmu.

The other is the "JDZ Taolu" written by Lan Pu in Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty, which records the second year of Hongwu.

Liu Xinyuan, the late director of the Jingzhen Archaeological Institute, once studied the geographical location of the imperial kiln factory site in the Ming Dynasty and the physical remains unearthed from the site.

After analyzing the literature, it is determined that the Jingzhen Imperial Kiln Factory was established in the second year of Hongwu.

Therefore, combined with the plum vase, it can also be determined that the Jingzhen Imperial Kiln Factory in the Ming Dynasty should indeed have been established in the second year of Hongwu.

And this point is still a lot of controversy now, and some people even think that there was no imperial kiln factory at all during the Hongwu period.

In fact, there are specific records about Hongwu chronological porcelain in volume 190 of the Ming Wanli edition of "Da Ming Hui Dian".

"In the 26th year of Hongwu, it was stipulated that for the firing of utensils and other objects, it is necessary to determine the sample system and calculate the artificial materials. If there are too many, craftsmen will be sent to Beijing to set up kilns and start construction."

The book records that the imperial wares of the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty were temporarily ordered to be fired in several important porcelain-producing areas in China according to the needs.

If the demand is large, the craftsmen will be dispatched to Beijing (now Jinling) to set up kilns for firing.

Thus affirming the existence of Hongwu official kiln porcelain.

The determination of Hongwu porcelain has only happened in the past few decades.

In the past, many domestic museums dated the exhibits of this period as "the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty".

But as time went by, until the 1960s, a batch of fragments of Hong weapons were unearthed from Jinling Ming Palace;

In the 1980s, some fragments were unearthed in succession at Shendu No. [-] Middle School and Jingzhen Yuyao Factory;
In the 1990s, a batch of remnants of Hongwu official kilns were unearthed at the site of Jinling Ming Palace.

In this way, Hongwu porcelain was gradually recognized by people.

In fact, the establishment of this imperial kiln factory was even earlier.

According to textual research, in the 15th year from Yuan to Zhengzheng (1278), the Yuan court set up the Fuliang Porcelain Bureau in Jingzhen to make porcelain for the court.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, wars continued in Jingzhen.

But the kiln fire in Jingzhen has never been extinguished.

Since there are ready-made ones, no matter how frugal Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang is and how he lives, he can't use them.

Therefore, in the second year of Hongwu (1369), the Imperial Ware Factory was established at the foot of Zhushan Mountain in Jingzhen.

This imperial kiln factory specializes in making porcelain and paying tribute to the imperial court. This is the so-called Hongwu official kiln.

In addition to the Dalonggang kiln, there are also 20 celadon kilns, color kilns, and wind-fire kilns.

By the time of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, there were 58 imperial wares factories and countless folk kilns.

Jingzhen is rich in porcelain-making raw materials "porcelain stone mine". According to Ming Cao Zhao's "Xin Xin Ge Gu Yao Lun", the ceramics in the Hongwu period were fine in soil, light and thin in carcass, and had two colors, blue and black. good.

According to relevant archaeological data, most of Hongwu official kiln wares have thick carcasses, even enamel, and fine decorative paintings and blanks.

The porcelain of this period is characterized by thick enamel and sometimes cracked glaze.

In addition, there is also the characteristic of "the color of blue and white is not correct but gray-black".

Based on these characteristics, coupled with some modern technical means, it is actually not difficult to accurately date the porcelain of the Hongwu period.

Let’s talk about the above-mentioned plum vase. In addition to its year name, plum vases like this were not uncommon in the Hongwu period.

For example, the Ming Hongwu underglaze jade pot spring vase with red pine, bamboo and plum patterns.

There are not many such porcelains in the collection of the Palace Museum.

Unfortunately, through the study of archaeological excavation materials in recent decades, among the Ming Dynasty porcelain unearthed in tombs and ruins, no official kiln porcelain with the "Made in Hongwu Year of the Ming Dynasty" has been found.

Shendu Palace Museum has more than 70 pieces of Ming Hongwu blue and white porcelain and underglaze red porcelain, none of which bears the Hongwu official kiln mark.

It can be seen that whether there are "Hongwu" official kiln year marks today has become the key point of identification.

(End of this chapter)