My system is not decent

Chapter 1662 Longquan Kiln System
One way to quickly distinguish the authenticity of copper red glazed porcelain is to distinguish the difference in the color of high and low temperature red glaze.

The thickness of the low-temperature glaze is extremely thin, with no sense of thickness, layering, glass texture, or brightness of high-temperature red glaze;
Observed under a microscope, it can be found that there are many deep black spots on the surface of the low-temperature glaze;

It is difficult to do post-processing on the surface of low-temperature glaze, such as color painting, gold painting, etc. Most counterfeit products are fired at about 700 °C.

A layer of glass gold is applied on its surface and fired at about 400°C.

Therefore, the attachment is not firm, and the storage time is not long, and the glaze and gold are easy to fall off.

Chen Wenzhe can be regarded as a master of copper red glaze. He can easily control whether the copper is red or green, and can also make copper red and copper green appear on the same porcelain.

Not to mention, the combination of blue and white and red glaze.

After completing another batch of red-glazed porcelain, Chen Wenzhe stopped working in satisfaction.

Among the monochromatic glazes, green glaze is also a major variety. Before, it was always said to be imitated from Longquan kiln, but this time it happened to be imitated as well.

Longquan kiln is a famous kiln in the history of our country, one of the six kiln systems in the Song Dynasty, and a treasure in the traditional porcelain making process of the Han nationality.

Because of its main production area, it is named after Longquan City, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

It was founded in the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty and ended in the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of producing porcelain for more than 1600 years and is the longest porcelain kiln system in the history of porcelain making in my country.

Its products sell well in many countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Europe, and have far-reaching influence.

Longquan kiln is famous for firing celadon. Before the early Northern Song Dynasty, the product style was influenced by Yue kiln, Ou kiln and Wuzhou kiln, and its characteristics were similar to those of the three kilns.

The products of Longquan kiln have thicker carcass, thicker carcass, light green glaze color and slightly thinner glaze layer.

The glaze color of Longquan kiln is green, pinkish blue in the Northern Song Dynasty, and greenish green in the Southern Song Dynasty.

If there is no opening at the turning point of the vessel, the fetus is often exposed, showing the color of the fetus, and the enamel is thick and moist.

There are few carvings and scratches on the decoration, but decals and reliefs are popular.

For example, the pattern of Pisces is often piled up on the plate, and the pattern of peony with twigs is pasted on the body of the bottle.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were two brothers, Zhang Sheng [-] and Zhang Sheng, who set up a kiln factory in Longquan, and the kiln fired by the first one was named "Lutian Kiln", also known as "Ge Kiln";
The kiln fired by Sheng Er is named "Longquan Kiln", also known as "Di Kiln".

In the past, Chen Wenzhe had never imitated these two kilns, mainly because Ge Kiln was technically difficult and Longquan Kiln was too extensive.

For example, other kiln mouths, what kind of kiln is it, but what about Longquan kiln?
It is not a single kiln mouth, but a kiln system.

The one with the belt is definitely not one, but a series.

Therefore, the Longquan kiln system has been passed down to the present, and the kiln sites known to us include Dayao, Jincun, Xikou, Songxi and many other places.

There were more than 20 kiln sites in the Northern Song Dynasty, and more than 40 kiln sites in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Among them, Dayao and Jincun have the most kiln sites and the best quality.

Judging from the unearthed specimens, it began in the Five Dynasties, flourished in the Southern Song and Yuan Dynasties, declined in the Ming Dynasty, and ended in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, with a history of nearly 800 years of porcelain firing.

For such a long time, the products of each era are still different.

Therefore, imitating Longquan kiln porcelain is not easy.

It is not easy to choose even a few glorious periods.

For example, the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty was an important period for the development of Longquan, and it began to form its own style from this period.

Although its carcass is relatively thick, its shape is regular, and its glaze color changes from light blue to blue-yellow.

The products are mostly living utensils, including bowls, plates, cups, pots, bottles, cans, etc.

In the decoration process, there are engraved, scratched and castor patterns.

The patterns include flowers, birds, fish and insects, and baby play patterns.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, Longquan kiln achieved unprecedented development, and Longquan celadon entered its heyday.

At this time, the Yue kiln celadon, which was once very prosperous in the Tang and Five Dynasties, had withered, and only the quality of Longquan celadon had improved significantly.

Fenqing and plum celadon porcelain colors, which are well-known at home and abroad, were successfully fired in the Longquan kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty, and pushed the beauty of celadon glaze colors to the peak.

Judging from the porcelain pieces at the kiln site, there are two types of products: white body (gray white) and black body thick glaze.

Among them, the white-bodied celadon is about [-]% to [-]%, and the black-bodied celadon is only a small amount, but the quality is very good.

The thickness of the fetal book glaze has the characteristics of purple mouth and iron foot, which has many similarities with the official kiln porcelain under the suburban altar of the Southern Song Dynasty.

This should be the first year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty. From the 19th year of Shaoxing to the [-]th year of Shaoxing, and for a long period of time after that, the Southern Song Dynasty ordered the local state capitals to burn official kiln porcelain for the court.

The types of Longquan kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty include bowls, plates, basins, dishes, cups, pots, jars, slag buckets, water injections, water bowls, pen holders, stoves, cong, throwing pots, bottles, etc.

The Longquan kiln in the Yuan Dynasty was several times larger than that in the Song Dynasty.

More than 200 kiln sites have been discovered in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and on both sides of the Oujiang River.

The characteristics of Longquan kiln porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty are that most of them have a thick carcass.

In addition to continuing to produce the types of vessels in the Song Dynasty, innovative varieties include stem cups, diamond mouth plates, lotus leaf lid jars, ring ear bottles, and phoenix tail bottles.

However, the quality is not as good as that of the Southern Song Dynasty. The tire quality is rough, the glaze surface is bright, and the jade-like ones are rare.

Decorative techniques include scratching, printing, decals, piled flowers, engraving, stippling and so on.

The decorations are rich in themes, including clouds and dragons, flying phoenixes, flowers and birds, fish and insects, eight immortals, eight auspicious signs, miscellaneous treasures, etc., and some of them have text decorations.

Under the influence of Longquan Kiln's exquisite craftsmanship, exquisite glaze color and superb quality, many kiln sites appeared in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Such as Dayao, Jincun, Xikou, Dabai'an, Xiaobai'an, Wutongkou, Bijiashan, Xianghu, Daotai, Shantou Kiln, Songxi, Malali, Anfukou, Anrenkou, Dafang, Daqi, Xiacun , Wuxi and other more than 300 places.

There are also many kiln sites in Xijiang and Hujian provinces that imitate Longquan celadon.

A huge Longquan kiln system has been formed.

This is one of the few folk kiln porcelains in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and ranks among the best.

That is to say, Longquan Kiln was created in the early Northern Song Dynasty, entered its heyday in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, and gradually declined after the middle Ming Dynasty.

The lower limit of Longquan celadon that has been handed down from generation to generation lasted until the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.

The entire firing history is as long as seven or 800 years.

The Longquan celadon in the Northern Song Dynasty has thicker fetal bone and light gray fetal soil.

Ocher-brown kiln red is seen on the exposed tire of the bottom foot, and the tire is slightly burnt. The degree of vitrification of the glaze is good, the glaze layer is transparent, and the glaze surface has a strong luster.

The decorative patterns are relatively simple, and the common patterns include fish patterns, banana leaves, golden branches, lotus and so on.

The decoration style tends to be unrestrained.

Longquan celadon, which was in its heyday in the Southern Song Dynasty, formed its own unique artistic style and showed its unique charm.

The shape of Longquan celadon in the Southern Song Dynasty has also formed its own style, which is stable and generous, simple and elegant, yet elegant.

The types of utensils are rich and varied, and the decoration generally adopts the method of engraving and stacking, which is quite artistic.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Longquan celadon was produced in large quantities, and its style was quite different from that of the Southern Song Dynasty.

The shape is tall and the carcass is thick;
Fetal color is white with gray or light yellow;

The glaze color is pink green with yellow green, strong luster, and the glaze layer is translucent;

There are various decoration techniques, such as engraving, drawing, printing, pasting, molding and so on.

(End of this chapter)