My system is not decent

The number of gui is an important symbol of the identity of the owner of the tomb.

The top of the bronze gui cover in Chen Wenzhe's photo collection has a trumpet-shaped handle, and the cover and body are decorated with curved and corrugated patterns.

In addition to the tripod and gui, other types of utensils can appear in the album, which should be very precious.

For example, similar to the shape of Qi Houyi, this is a work of the late Spring and Autumn Period, and it is now collected in the Haihai Museum.

And this one found by Chen Wenzhe is similar, the body is like an oval ladle, the front end is wide and high, and the back end is held in the shape of a dragon exploring water.

Yi's quadrupeds are also in the shape of a dragon, bowing their heads and bending to carry the body of Yi, which is tall, solemn and extremely stable.

Chen Wenzhe knew a lot about these famous bronze wares, because when he just returned to Dahai City, he accidentally obtained the whereabouts of a national treasure tripod.

Therefore, although he was making porcelain, he also paid attention to domestic bronze wares.

The reason why so many "Guo Ji" bronze wares are mentioned is mainly because as long as there are bronze wares found in the "Guo State" tomb, all of them are in this album.

Like the copper shop, this thing is unknown to most people, but it is found in many large tombs.

Of course, the tomb must not have been robbed and excavated. The reason why many bronzes are not unearthed in many large tombs is not that they were not buried in the past, but that they were robbed and excavated.

For example, Tongpu, the utensil is named "Fu" (pu) since it is a food utensil, and its shape is similar to that of the rimmed stalk bean, which is also a food utensil.

The outer wall of the plate is decorated with a circle of hooked thunder patterns, and there is a circle of protruding double ring patterns between the two patterns.

There is also a copper cymbal, which has inscriptions inside.

The 盨 is a vessel for holding grains. The top of the lid is decorated with a large protruding and curved pattern, the edge of the lid, the mouth and the ring foot are also decorated with curved patterns, and the rest is decorated with tile ribs.

Of course, the most common ones must be copper gilts, which are also food utensils.

It's just that this kind of utensil has a short body, an oval-triangular cross-section, and short and thick hooves.

The abdomen is decorated with three suites of long-nosed dragon patterns, among which the one hanging behind the back resembles the pattern on the crown of a phoenix bird.

Then there is copper 簠, which is a square utensil for holding millet, millet, sorghum, rice and other meals during sacrifices and feasts in ancient China.

"Zhou Li·Sheren": "Everyone sacrifices a gui (guǐ)."

Gui is an ancient round food container, and 簠 is a square food container.

The basic shape of the 簠 is a rectangular vessel, the cover and the body of the vessel are the same shape and size, symmetrical up and down, and when combined, they form one body, and when divided, they form two vessels.

As early as 4000 years ago, my country's copper smelting technology was quite sophisticated.

The Yin and Zhou Dynasties were the heyday of bronze wares.

The weapons, daily necessities and decorations of this period are all dominated by bronze.

Bronze 簠 (fǔ) is a food utensil, similar to the gui.

Because it is used to hold rice and beams during sacrifices, it is called "sacrificing beam storage utensils".

Copper 簠 occupies a very important position in the combination of bronze ritual vessels.

It began to appear in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period, began to decline during the Warring States Period, and completely disappeared in the Qin and Han Dynasties.

It is an important part of the study of bronze culture. The research on bronze 簠 is still relatively weak, and there is no special treatise so far.

This is mainly because there are few records of this kind of bronze 簠, and not many unearthed ones.

Obviously, as long as there are complete Xia, Shang and Zhou ancient tombs, there should be this type of utensils.

After all, it is a ritual vessel of the same level as the gui. According to ancient regulations, as long as it is within reach, it must be used for burial.

It's impossible that you have it, but I don't. Isn't this embarrassing to the royal family?
The shape of the copper 簠 in front of me is flat along the inclined wall, with a high square ring foot, and there is an arc-shaped gap in the center of the ring foot, and there is a half-ring ear of a beast head on each side;
The wall of the device is decorated with the dragon pattern on the trunk and the scroll body, and the curved pattern on the ring foot.

The cover and the utensil have the same shape and decoration. When combined, it is a utensil, and when separated, it is two pieces.

There must be more than one piece of copper scorpion like this.

Like another one, the shape, decoration, and size of the container and cover are the same,
The abdominal wall is oblique and straight, with animal heads and ears on both sides of the abdomen, rectangular ring feet, and a gap in the center of the four sides.

The middle part of the abdomen is decorated with double-curved dragon patterns, the lower edge and the ring feet are decorated with stealing curved patterns, and the top and bottom of the vessel are decorated with conjoined pan-kui patterns.

Such utensils with Chilong, Panlong, and Kuilong patterns must only be unearthed from the tombs of princes, and each one is very precious.

And the dating of these copper scorpions is also relatively easy, mainly because this thing is easier to recognize.

Seriously speaking, this is just a utensil used by the ancients to hold rice and sorghum, and its use is equivalent to the plate of later generations.

The general shape of the utensils is rectangular, with the mouth facing outwards, two ears on the cover, and four short feet on the cover.

The lid is the same shape and size as the utensil. When closed, it becomes the lid of the utensil, and when it is opened, it becomes the same two utensils.

It was only popular in the middle of the Zhou Dynasty, and gradually declined after the Warring States Period.

In the Shang Dynasty and the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was no 簠.

Early 簠 is characterized by short feet and a protruding mouth;
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the feet of the 簠 gradually became taller and the utensils became deeper, which is a characteristic of dating.

The copper paddles on these photos that Chen Wenzhe saw must belong to the early works, because they are so recognizable.

Bronze 簠 is a new type of utensil that appeared in large numbers in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. As long as the tomb was not stolen, every princely tomb must have at least one.

Therefore, the number of bronze scorpions that Chen Wenzhe saw was relatively large.

There are also a few well-preserved pieces, such as a late Western Zhou Dynasty copper scorpion with a curved pattern.

It is also easier to date here because of the zigzag pattern.

This is a kind of ripple, or dragon pattern.

After the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty, it gradually became abstract, forming a new dominant pattern, which is the stealing pattern.

Its name is also according to "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Zhou Ding has a stolen song, which is very long, and the upper and lower parts are curved, so as to see the ultimate failure."

"Li Su Lan" records that the basic feature of the Ziqu pattern is a horizontal S-shape, which is in line with the characteristic of "both upper and lower are curved".

This is a deformed animal pattern adapted to the requirements of decorative parts, which is the simplification and abstraction of animals.

The Zhou Dynasty broke away from the Shang Dynasty, which was dominated by straight lines, and also broke the symmetrical format.

Generally, the flat and long pattern is formed by hooked back at both ends or "S"-shaped lines, and the middle is often filled with mesh-shaped patterns.

However, it has not completely got rid of the rudiment of the straight line, thus forming the characteristics of straightness with circle and circle with square.

The traces of the stealing song pattern derived from the bird pattern and the dragon pattern are obvious.

Trying to compare some of the bird patterns, we can infer the specific process of its evolution to the stealing pattern.

Earlier birds had a long tail running behind the wings.

Later the tail was separated from the body and became a curly abstract ornamentation.

After that, the body part of the bird was also abstracted, but the original long feather remained.

In the end, this feather also disappeared, forming a typical zigzag pattern.

On the famous Dake tripod, there is a pattern of stealing music.

Certainly not many people know about this. Maybe many people have seen the Dake Ding, but few people know what the decorations on it are and what their name is.