My system is not decent

The bronze casting technology of the Shang system is very superb, with very exquisite patterns, especially the inscriptions.

There are mainly two kinds of inscriptions on the bronzes of the Shang system, one is the clan emblem used to indicate the clan affiliation, and the other is the day name represented by the heavenly stem.

Among the bronzes unearthed in this cemetery, there are more than ten ethnic emblem characters.

Among them, "hu" appeared the most, with a total of three, so the excavators believed that the owner of the tomb was the family of Hu.

Of course, this is not certain.

There are too many types of family emblem characters unearthed in these two tombs. Mr. Zhang Maorong once suggested that Zhou people did not use Japanese names and family emblems, so it seems inappropriate to use them to determine the identity of the tomb owner.

The bronze casting of the Zhou system is relatively rough, and the most representative one is the gui.

The bottom of the Western Zhou gui ware is very thin and the pattern is vague, which is completely different from the bronze ware of the Shang Dynasty and has a high degree of recognition.

In addition, chariot and horse implements such as Luanling and Danglu were unearthed from Tomb No. 3.

And these only began to appear in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they belonged to the Zhou system bronze wares.

In addition, both of these two tombs were buried with a high-necked bag full of 鬲, which is a typical cultural factor of Jiang Yan.

Regarding the age and clan affiliation of this cemetery, it is dated to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and the owner of the tomb should be the leader Jiang Rong at that time.

On this basis, there are two key questions.

In the archaeological reports of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there are often descriptions of the chronology of the Shang and Zhou, the end of the Shang and the beginning of the Zhou, the late Shang, and the early Western Zhou. This is because the boundary between the Shang and Zhou is difficult to distinguish.

As far as the literature records are concerned, the symbol of the alternation of Shang and Zhou was the historical event of King Wu's destruction of Shang.

But this dividing point is difficult to determine through archaeology.

Because dynastic change is an instantaneous historical event, but archaeological culture cannot undergo significant changes in a short period of time.

The age of this cemetery is at such a time node.

Therefore, it is impossible to determine its specific age only by the archaeological materials unearthed from the tomb.

The age of archaeology is divided into three aspects: the age of artifacts, the age of relic units, and the age of archaeological culture.

Therefore, one must not simply judge the age of the site unit or even the entire archaeological culture from the age of the artifacts.

To solve the age problem of this cemetery, two clues must be combined, archaeological materials and documents.

For this point, we must first start with pottery. When Chen Wenzhe saw the pottery Xun earlier, he knew that a large number of pottery must have been unearthed in this ancient tomb.

I don't know if the ancestors of the stall owner didn't pay much attention to the pottery, or it has been processed for a hundred years. Anyway, he didn't see much in the photos.

Of course, some good things, even pottery, will be valued, so there are more or less pieces of pottery in the album.

This is different from the situation after the Tang and Song Dynasties. Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, porcelain was not very good, and pottery was too perishable and difficult to preserve.

Therefore, there are relatively few ceramic works before the Tang and Song Dynasties that have survived to the present.

Of course, this is compared to later generations of porcelain.

Therefore, there are still some special types of utensils in the album.

For example, the previous pottery xun, and some pottery ge, tripod, gui and so on.

In addition, the most common ones are the pottery models used to make bronzes. These things have been piled up and excavated.

Chen Wenzhe unearthed an unearthed high-necked pouch, which is the latest type in the pouch lineage.

It has a large distribution in the Guanzhong area, and there are several tomb cases from Baoji to Chang'an.

For example, Fengxiangnan commands Xicun M42, Qishan Hejia M1, Changan Fengxi Woolen Mill M1, etc.

These tombs all have niches and gui with milk nail patterns in the Zhou system, and they are concentrated around the late Shang Dynasty.

This means that Chen Wenzhe has a super strong memory and is also very interested in archaeological knowledge. Otherwise, others would not know what these things are when they see them.

Not to mention finding similarities and differences.

However, there are still many bronze wares in the photos, so to analyze the age and the identity of the tomb owner, it is still necessary to look at the bronze wares.

Judging from the bronze wares, the age characteristics of the unearthed bronze wares are very obvious.

Moreover, Chen Wenzhe also knew that this batch of bronze wares highly coincided with those unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang.

Therefore, its age is roughly the late period of the fourth period of Yin Ruins.

This batch of bronze wares is likely to be the spoils of war brought back from Anyang by the Zhou people after King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty.

He has two bases: one is literature.

"Historical Records·Zhou Benji" and the inscriptions of Ligui have records that King Wu destroyed Shang on Jiazi Day.

"Zhou Ben Ji" also records that after King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he "confessed the princes, gave Zong Yi a class, and used it as a utensil for dividing Yin".

It can be seen that the historical event of King Wu destroying Shang is real.

After destroying the Shang Dynasty, he also used the artifacts of the Shang Dynasty as "Zongyi" to divide the feudal lords.

In addition, it can be seen from historical documents that the behavior of "feudalism" also includes the redistribution of population.

A large number of Yin and Shang immigrants entered the Zhou Dynasty, which would inevitably bring in many Shang cultural factors;
The second is the discovery of the ruins of the copper casting workshop in Xiaomintun, Anyang.

A number of pottery models were unearthed in this workshop, including the Cui Er gui, the straight-edged breast-shaped gui, the multi-toothed crown phoenix-bird pattern, and the straight-edged Kui dragon-shaped seat model, etc.

However, the bronze wares made of these pottery models have never been found in Anyang, but are widely distributed in the Guanzhong area.

Among them is the Shigushan cemetery. In the past, bronzes made of such pottery models were often dated to the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

Based on the excavation of this batch of pottery fans, the excavators suggested that their age might be advanced to the end of the Shang Dynasty.

This means that the casting of this batch of bronze wares may have coincided with the Battle of Makino.

As a result, it was taken away by the Zhou people as a trophy before it was used.

In addition, such bronze vessels with a single family emblem and daily inscriptions have been found in early Western Zhou remains in various places.

This reflects that the bronze wares of the early Western Zhou Dynasty and the late Shang Dynasty spread throughout the territory of the Zhou Dynasty in a short period of time.

This cannot be an accidental phenomenon, but another piece of evidence that this batch of bronze wares was looted by the Zhou people.

Therefore, among the batch of bronze wares that Chen Wenzhe saw, it is most likely that some, or a large part, came from Anyang.

The specific age may be narrowed down to not long after King Wu destroyed Shang.

After determining the age of the cemetery, there were other questions.

First, this Western Zhou tomb may be used as a scale in the archaeological age of the Western Zhou Dynasty to determine the scale of the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

This plays an important role in re-discussing the changes in settlement distribution and political structure in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty;
Second, the discovery of this cemetery and the Western Zhou cemetery in Shigushan, Baoji provides an extremely important reference for solving the age limit of the bronze workshops of the Shang Dynasty in the Yin Ruins of Anyang, and the boundary between the Shang and Zhou bronze ware;
Third, through combing archaeological materials from all over the country, it was discovered that a large number of bronze wares of the Shang Dynasty appeared in the Guanzhong area and even the entire Western Zhou cultural distribution area in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

Its distribution range is larger than that of the Anyang period, which proves that the bronze wares unearthed in this cemetery and the Shigushan cemetery are not isolated phenomena, but typical of the general.

This phenomenon is the result of Zhou people's redistribution of merchant wealth through enfeoffment, which can be regarded as a manifestation of the change of Shang and Zhou regimes.

In this way, the family and identity of the tomb owner in this cemetery can be speculated a little bit.