My system is not decent

Chapter 1788

It is more troublesome to realize the process of gold and silver wrong, but it must be very easy to use now.

After all, if counterfeit things require too much labor, the cost will increase sharply. This is definitely a gain and a loss.

However, it doesn't mean that these crafts are useless, for example, they are used in antiques.

Looking at a bronze horse head in front of him, Chen Wenzhe sighed very much. This thing should be one of the few national treasures scattered abroad.

And there are many things like this in foreign countries. It can be said that as long as the utensils are made of gold and silver, they are generally lost from China.

The gold and silver interlaced bronzes scattered in major museums around the world are both fascinating and heartbreaking.

Because of the gold and silver process, it is a unique skill in ancient Chinese bronze decoration.

"Cuo" is connected with "cuo", which refers to processing. It is one of the eight major metalworking crafts in ancient my country.

It is an ancient top craftsmanship that has amazed the world.

It is the glory that has not diminished for thousands of years.

It is gold and silver wrong!
Gold and silver interlacing technology is one of the metal fine workmanship decoration techniques of the Han nationality in ancient my country. It first appeared in the bronze wares of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and flourished in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period.

It is the product of the development of ancient Chinese science and technology to a certain stage. Its exquisite craftsmanship is amazing.

Regardless of the "wrong gold and silver" in ancient times or the "wrong gold and silver" today, the word gold and silver is easy to understand, but "wrong" is not so easy to understand.

The Han Dynasty was the most popular era of gold and silver interlacing crafts in my country. What did people say in that period?
Xu Shen, a scholar in the Han Dynasty, compiled a large dictionary called "Shuowen Jiezi".

The book has only one explanation for the word "wrong": "wrong, Jin Tuye, from the sound of Jin Xi".

In short, it is to apply gold and silver on the utensils, so how to make delicate and exquisite gold and silver patterns?
In ancient my country, there are mainly two methods of making gold and silver pattern decorations on bronze wares that have been discovered.

One is the mosaic method; the other is the painting method.

The first is the mosaic method. The gold and silver mosaic method is also called "gold decoration method".

Its production is divided into four steps. The first step is to make a pre-cut groove for the mother model, so that after the vessel is cast, gold and silver can be embedded in the groove.

The second step is to chisel the groove. After the bronze is cast, the groove needs to be processed and chiseled.

For fine decoration, patterns need to be drawn with ink on the surface of the utensil, and then shallow grooves are chiseled according to the patterns. This is called engraving or "gold engraving" in ancient times.

The third step is inlaying, and the fourth step is misgrinding.

After the gold wire or gold sheet is inlaid, the surface of the copper ware is not smooth, so it must be ground with a wrong (house) stone to make the gold wire or gold sheet and the surface of the copper ware naturally smooth and seamless.

Then there is the method of painting, which is also called "gilt", which is the main decorative method of gold and silver in the Han Dynasty.

This can be seen from the Han people's interpretation of the word "cuo": "cuo, gold paint".

The main process of the painting method is simple and simple, but it is really difficult for ordinary people to do well.

The first step is to manufacture "gold amalgam".

The manufacture of "gold amalgam" is a chemical process.

That is to put the gold fragments in the crucible and heat it to more than [-] degrees Celsius.

Then add mercury seven times that of gold to dissolve it into a liquid, making the so-called "mud gold".

The second step, gold coating.

Lacquer gold was used to paint various intricate patterns and patterns on the bronzes, or to paint them in pre-cast grooves.

The third step, golden baking.

Grilled over a smokeless charcoal fire to evaporate the mercury, the gold patterns are fixed on the surface of the bronze.

The horse head that Chen Wenzhe saw was one of the masterpieces. It was a bronze shaft ornament in the shape of a horse head in gold and silver.

The real one is from the Warring States period. Fortunately, it was not lost abroad, but was hidden in the National Museum.

It is one of the typical representative works of gold, silver and bronze wares in the Warring States Period. It can only be said to be lucky to be able to stay in China.

Quite a few of such shaft ornaments have been lost in major foreign museums.

This is a kind of car decoration, which is decorated on the shaft, not only for the sake of beauty, but also for auspicious wishes when traveling.

This bronze shaft ornament of the Warring States Period is collected in the National Museum, which is an ornament of the State of Wei during the Warring States Period.

It is 8.8 cm high, 13.7 cm long, and 4.8 cm in diameter. It was unearthed in Guwei Village, Hui County, Nanhe Province in 1951.

This bronze shaft is in the shape of a horse's head, with round eyes and erect ears.

Its head and neck are decorated with moiré patterns and scale patterns with oblique lines using gold and silver.

Wei was a great aristocrat in the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, and later gradually became a powerful political force.

In 471 BC, the Han, Zhao, and Wei families eliminated other forces and divided up the state of Jin, known in history as "the three families divide Jin".

In 403 BC, Wei was conferred the title of "Princes" by King Weilie of Zhou, and became a powerful country in the Central Plains during the Warring States Period.

Wei's territory was located in the southwestern part of Xishan Province and Du'an in the northern part of Nanhe Province, and moved to Daliang later.

At the beginning of the Warring States period, Wei Wenhou carried out economic, political and military reforms, which accelerated the feudalization process of Wei State and made Wei State a famous powerful country in the early Warring States Period.

The big tomb in Guwei Village, Huixian County is a large-scale "Zhong"-shaped tomb (a tomb with two tombs), surrounded by a cemetery, similar to the specifications of the tombs of princes, so the unearthed car shaft ornaments are extremely exquisite.

This bronze shaft in the shape of a gold and silver horse head was unearthed from the tomb of an aristocrat in the Wei state in the middle of the Warring States period, and it is the highest-specified tomb in the Wei state so far.

Among them, the unearthed artifacts are exquisite in craftsmanship and exquisite.

This gold-silver bronze ware represents the highest level of bronze casting and gold-silver craftsmanship in Wei State, and also reflects the magnificence and extravagance of aristocratic life.

The gold and silver process first appeared in the bronze wares of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and was mainly used for decorative patterns on various bronze utensils, chariot and horse utensils, weapons and other practical utensils.

This craft is the product of the development of ancient science and technology in our country to a certain stage. It is inspired by painting. It uses bronze as the basic background and gold and silver bodies instead of painting materials, so as to achieve exquisite and gorgeous "painting" on bronze objects. pattern effect.

There are still many fine gold and silver products like this, such as the rhinoceros belt hook with gold and silver, from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty.

There is also a copper leopard inlaid with gold and silver, which is from the Western Han Dynasty. It was unearthed in 1968 from the tomb of Dou Wan, wife of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan, Mancheng, Beihe Province.

When ancient craftsmen cast bronze wares, when making models, they reserved grooves on the surface of the wares and sometimes chiseled them, and reserved uneven pits on the bottom of the grooves, which would greatly facilitate the adhesion of metals. attached;

After the above process is completed, thin gold wires or gold sheets are embedded in the grooves, all of which are pure gold.

Finally, it is polished and polished with a house stone, and the gold and silver patterns are integrated with the utensil itself, exuding an amazing luster.

According to textual research, gold and silver staggering began to be produced in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period in my country, and became popular in the middle and late Warring States and Western Han Dynasties.

Such a beautiful artifact is priceless, and it naturally became the target of plundering by the great powers from the late Qing Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty.

(End of this chapter)