My system is not decent

Chapter 1936
Music played an important role in ancient my country.

my country is a country of rites and music, and rites and music run through the history of the Chinese nation and are the basic elements of Chinese culture.

Confucius said: "There is nothing more effective than etiquette in governing the country and the people; nothing is more effective in changing local customs than music."

Therefore, the Han Dynasty attached great importance to music. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Yuefu to collect songs from all over the country to observe local customs, and local officials also used music to educate the people to change customs.

The musical instruments of the Han Dynasty can be divided into three categories: percussion instruments, wind instruments and stringed instruments.

The first is the most famous percussion instruments, including bells, 鑮 (bó), chimes, duo (duó), cymbals (náo), drums, etc.

The second type is wind instruments, including sheng, yu, xun, flute, 龠, panxiao and so on.

The third type is stringed instruments, including Qin, Se, Zhu, Zheng, and Pipa.

The cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Liu He, Marquis of Haihun, have exquisite and gorgeous decorations, and the decorations are innovative, reflecting the social customs of the Western Han Dynasty.

One stroke, one buckle and one inlay, are the skill of a master craftsman, and it is the charm of a great man.

Utensils are used to convey Tao, objects are used to express emotions, and to inherit culture, the greatest opportunity comes from ornamentation.

Within these decorations are inscriptions, engravings, and finally the real decorations.

Through the decorations on Haihun cultural relics, we modern people can enter the wonderful world of the ancient Han people.

There are many things worth studying in Haihunhou's tomb, and more related to the sculptures that Chen Wenzhe wants to study now.

Just like ornamentation, inscriptions, as well as colored paintings, murals, etc., many of them belong to the category of carving technology.

For example, a danglu unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou is a metal decoration on the forehead of a horse.

Take a closer look at the ornamentation on this danglu, there is a jumping colorful tiger in the center of the top;
The left and right below it are the moon with the jade rabbit and the toad inside, and the sun with the sunbird inside, and then there are two interlaced dragons, which form two rings.

There is a fairy bird in the upper ring with Langgan in its mouth, a fish in the lower ring, and a ostrich at the bottom.

Isn't this a rich and wonderful world of mythical beasts?

The reason why this danglu is famous is because of the white tiger on it.

Some people may ask, tigers are generally not white, why are they called white tigers?

Could it be that the previous tigers were all white like the Bengal white tiger?

No, in our country, tigers are all beautiful. The reason why they are called white tigers is because white tigers are one of the four gods.

The four gods are the product of ancient star worship, and the four gods are integrated into the five elements and directions, represented by different colors.

For example, blue in the east is wood, white in the west is gold, red in the south is fire, and black in the north is water.It corresponds to Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu.

Some people may ask, there are only white tigers here, and there are no Qinglong, Suzaku and Xuanwu, so what is the significance of the white tiger appearing here?
According to "Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoji": there are fish in Beiming, and there is a turning relationship between birds and fish in the decoration of Danglu.

Based on this, it is speculated that the second ring of Jiaolong describes the scene from Beiming to Nanming.

On the upper part of Jiaolong, it represents the sky, because there are sun and moon on it.

And the white tiger refers to the west, so the white tiger on it can be speculated that it represents the starry sky in the west, or the starry sky at night.

Since there are white tiger patterns, there are naturally phoenix patterns.

The jade phoenix bird unearthed by Haihunhou is his classic. This phoenix bird can be said to be a representative of handmade objects and the unity of man and nature.

The phoenix is ​​the king of all birds. It is a hybrid mythical animal imagined by the ancients based on the image of a bird and combining the images of various animals.

There are many records of the shape of the phoenix in ancient documents, such as "Erya · Shi Niao": "Feng, its female emperor." Five colors, about six feet high."

"Shan Hai Jing Nan Shan Jing": "The mountain of Danxue has a bird Yan, which is shaped like a chicken, colorful and written, and its name is Phoenix."

The phoenix bird pattern is a common ornamentation on ancient artifacts in my country, and it is also a very high proportion of decorative patterns in the unearthed cultural relics from the tomb of Haihunhou Liu He.

Phoenix and bird patterns are widely used on bronzes, lacquerware and jadeware.

The phoenix birds with different shapes and lifelike spirits are presented through color painting, gold and silver interlacing, carving and other techniques, showing the rich imagination and creativity of the people of the Han Dynasty, and presenting freehand romantic feelings.

Three phoenix bird-shaped stone ornaments were unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou, all of which came from the south of the east chamber of the main coffin chamber of Liu He's tomb.

The phoenix shape is a popular image of standing phoenix in the Western Han Dynasty. There is a hole drilled at the bottom, which should be an inlay on bronze or lacquer ware.

In this group of phoenix bird-shaped stone decorations, the head, body, feet, wings, tail, and facial organs of the phoenix are all available.

Its connection is reasonable, the style is realistic, and the body does not have too many decorations or lines, and only Yin lines are used to indicate body parts, which is a common decorative technique in the Han Dynasty.

The head of the phoenix is ​​high, the tail is upturned, smart and elegant, vividly showing its proud charm.

With a hooked beak, leaf-shaped ears, and phoenix wings retracted on both sides of the body, with the tail feathers upturned, it is leisurely and content, carving out a simple, restrained and noble phoenix bird.

In the eyes of the ancient Chinese, jade is a warm and lustrous beautiful stone, and jade wares are objects carved from these beautiful stones.

Fengniao is endowed with a variety of beautiful qualities because of its "five colors and writing" and its brilliance.

Using beautiful jade articles to carry the beautiful image of the phoenix bird expresses people's best wishes.

Now that there are phoenix patterns, there will naturally be no lack of dragon patterns. Haihunhou is the royal family after all, so there are many dragon pattern wares unearthed from Haihunhou's tomb.

The dragon is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It is said that it originated from totem worship. It is unique in that it has the physical characteristics of a variety of animals. It is a virtual creature composed of people. It has become what it is today after a long cultural smudge. image.

In the middle of the west chamber of the tomb of Liu He, Marquis of Haihun, a jade ornament in the shape of a dragon was unearthed. It was set on a copper pestle for decoration and was well preserved.

The body of the vessel is made of Hetian white jade, the overall outline is square on the outside and circle on the inside, and the surface of the vessel has a square surface;

The trapezoidal button protrudes, but does not go beyond the square corner; the button is drilled in the middle.

The dragon head and the left wing are respectively located at two opposite corners of the square, and the overall decoration shows the characteristics of micro-relief.

This artifact is in the shape of a three-dimensional coiled dragon, with a vertical body, a horizontally extending head and neck, a single-horned round eye, a protruding nose and a closed mouth.

One side of the dragon body is decorated with dragon head patterns, and the two wings are opened in a convex shape, decorated with feather patterns;
On the back there is a polygonal prism-shaped button without grain, and the button has a horizontal hole.This dragon has wings, its body is densely decorated with scales, and its head has horns. It belongs to Yinglong.

The dragon-shaped jade decoration is a relatively abstract dragon-shaped overall shape in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The common features of dragon-shaped jade ornaments from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States period are the small dragon head, one-sided corner, curled nose and closed mouth, and dragon head patterns all over the body.

After entering the Warring States period, the body of the dragon was mostly decorated with valley patterns and swirl patterns, and animal patterns such as dragon head patterns were rarely seen. Later generations simplified and decorated the dragon body with line drawing.

Therefore, this dragon-shaped jade ornament was formed no later than the early Warring States period at the latest. Some scholars speculate that it is an artifact from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States period.

(End of this chapter)