My system is not decent

Chapter 1943 Rare in Archaeological Discoveries Over the Years

Whether in ancient times or modern times, women's nature of beauty has always existed.

Thinking about it, Mrs. Xin Zhui was also a beauty when she was young. She just wanted to use these exquisite makeup tools to slow down the passage of her youth when her face was getting old.

But she never imagined that 2000 years after her death, the "double-layer nine sons' dowry" she left behind can also show us how women made themselves "peony like face and willow like eyebrow" in the Han Dynasty , It's amazing to think about it.

Of course, these things are just one of the ancient lacquered woodware.

The inheritance and development of lacquerware production technology and decorative art originated from the lacquer technology that lasted from the Neolithic Age to the Han Dynasty.

In the traditional culture of our country, we have experienced the ancient totem age of flying dragons and phoenixes, and the Bronze Age of strict hierarchy of "being bound by heaven".

After that came the pre-Qin period of rationality in which Confucianism and Taoism complemented each other, the romantic period in Jing-Chu, and the Qin-Han period connecting the past and the future.

In the most representative tombs of high-ranking aristocrats in the Western Han Dynasty in Nanhu, the inheritance and variation of lacquerware craftsmanship and decorative arts are also obvious.

The first is the change in the production of the lacquerware. The archaeological data in the Nanhu area show that the lacquerware of the early Han Dynasty and its production have been greatly improved on the basis of inheriting the lacquerware technology of the pre-Qin period.

First, the wooden tires were made using the method of chopping, carving, digging, and chiseling in the previous generation, and improved, and the method of making ware with wheels was used more.

For example, there is a small hole in the center of the bottom of the circular utensils such as the Mawangdui Han Tomb lacquerware plate and bowl, which is the trace left by the wheel system.

Second, a small part is made of bamboo.

For example, the painted spoon on a bamboo body of the Han Tomb No. 1 in Mawangdui, Changsha, is made of bamboo joints as the bottom of the bucket, and the long cut bamboo slices are used as the handle of the spoon.

Third, the thin wood pieces are rolled into tubes with wooden nails and mortise and tenon joints.

Fourth, the short-lived lacquer ware in the tombs of the Chu Dynasty did not emerge until the early Han Dynasty.

Judging from the lacquer ware unearthed from Xianjiahu Xiangbizui No. 1 Han Tomb, Shazitang No. 1 Han Tomb, and Mawangdui Han Tomb, its production method is similar to that of the Warring States Period.

The inner tube is made first, and then several layers of linen or silk are used to paint and paste the inner tube. After drying, the inner tube mold is removed, so it is called "embodied".

At this time, a new technique of cone-drawing patterns and inlaying gold and silver appeared on the lacquer ware with tires.

For example, the "Small Painted Goblet" unearthed from Han Tomb No. 1 in Mawangdui is a lacquered goblet with cone-painted patterns.

The buttons and ears of the lacquer goblet are inlaid with gilt copper rings.

That is, the "silver mouth and yellow ears" mentioned in "Salt and Iron Theory" was a very precious artifact in the early Han Dynasty.

Then there is the inheritance and variation of decoration techniques. The decoration techniques of lacquerware in the early Han Dynasty are very exquisite. On the basis of inheriting the decoration techniques of pre-Qin lacquerware, many new techniques appeared.

After inheriting the traditional lacquer painting art, it can also innovate.

The lacquer painting on the lacquerware of the Mawangdui Han Tomb is made of raw lacquer to make a translucent lacquer liquid, mixed with various pigments, and painted on the utensils.

The plate with cat pattern and box with phoenix and bird pattern in Tomb No. 1 were drawn by this method.

At that time, the painter used the three-legged composition method to combine three phoenixes and three cats into a beautiful balanced pattern.

Moires are painted in the meantime to achieve the artistic effect of changes in symmetry.

What did the ancients like more than 2000 years ago?Like cats?Like games?Love tempeh?
In fact, we can see some clues from these lacquerware.

More than 3000 precious cultural relics were unearthed from the three Western Han Dynasty tombs excavated successively at Mawangdui.

The thick lacquerware inside is elegantly decorated, and it is still as bright as new after being buried for thousands of years.

On the body of the utensil, there are not only ink scripts such as "Jun Xing Shi", "Jun Xing Wine" and "one and a half liters".

It is supplemented by exquisite patterns of clouds, phoenix birds, gods, monsters, etc. The patterns are vivid and the colors are gorgeous.

Along with the discovery of various animals, plants, food, and alcohol, combined with cooking methods such as boiling, steaming, roasting, and frying recorded in the dispatch book, the family recipes of the nobles in the early Han Dynasty were presented.

The richness of their diet and the variety of cooking methods are still amazing.

Therefore, it is undeniable that the ancients in the Han Dynasty must have liked to eat it, especially the nobles of that period.

From 1972 to 1974, archaeologists successively excavated three Han tombs in Mawangdui Township on the eastern outskirts of Husha, which were verified as the cemetery of the Xihou family in the Western Han Dynasty.

Among the more than 3000 assorted funerary objects unearthed, the exquisite lacquerware, textiles and well-preserved ancient corpses are particularly amazing.

And more than 700 pieces of lacquerware, which are as bright as new, are rare in archaeological discoveries over the years for their large number, complicated types, exquisite craftsmanship, and well-preserved condition.

Most of these lacquerware are food containers, and 30 of them are the most exquisite, including the "Jun Xingshi" civet cat pattern lacquer food plate mentioned earlier.

This "Jun Xingshi" civet cat pattern lacquer food plate is very unique, so what is so unique about this food plate?
These lacquer food dishes have the same shape and similar decoration.

From the point of view of shape, they are slightly larger in size, with wide edges, open mouths, shallow arc belly, and flat bottom.

The general diameter is 28.5 cm and the height is 6 cm.The whole body is painted with black lacquer. There are characters on the inside and outside of the plate.

The outside of the plate is painted with cloud patterns, and the inside of the plate is painted with curly cloud patterns, civet cat patterns, tortoise patterns, etc.

The most prominent of these patterns is the civet cat pattern, which is also the unique feature of these lacquer food dishes.

Basically, at the center of the bottom of the inner wall of each lacquer dish, there is a civet cat painted, and only one is painted with a turtle.

Civet cats are outlined with a single line of vermilion lacquer, painted with gray-green lacquer inside, and painted with vermilion eyes, ears, beards, claws, and tail patterns.

The cat has wide-open eyes, erect ears and long tail, and a little pattern on its body.

The belly of the dish is painted with continuous curling cloud patterns in two colors of vermilion and gray-green, and there are three patterns of civet cats at equal distances between the rolling cloud patterns.

There are only a few different cases. Occasionally, two civet cats and a turtle, two civet cats and a frog, and a civet cat and two mice are painted at equal distances in the inner abdomen murals.

There are more than 100 civet cats painted on all the lacquer food plates. They may have erect ears and squat like tigers;
Or raise one ear and crawl forward...

They are vivid and indistinguishable,

The craftsmen's creations are very innovative. In addition, similar patterns of civet cats were also found on two lacquer dowry and one cone-painted dowry unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb.

It can be said that there are various raccoon patterns on the utensils unearthed in this ancient tomb.

So what kind of animal is a civet cat?

When it comes to civet cats, many people will involuntarily think of "the story of a civet cat for a prince", but what kind of animal is a civet cat?

"Ci Hai" has the most authoritative explanation, which answers our questions.

"Animal name. Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae. There are fat pads at the bottom of the toes, so it walks silently. It is docile, agile, and good at jumping. It likes to prey on rodents, and sometimes frogs, snakes, etc. There are many varieties. "

This should refer specifically to domesticated cats.

However, the earliest dictionary in my country, "Shuowen Jiezi" written by Xu Shen in the Han Dynasty, also has an explanation of the shape and pronunciation of "cat".

(End of this chapter)