My system is not decent

Chapter 1950 No One Before, No One Later

In addition to Jingzhen, there are also some kilns that have used their own advantages and borrowed some characteristics of Jun kiln to successfully create a kind of work that is similar to Jun porcelain but not Jun porcelain.

The famous imitation Jun in history includes Shiwan Kiln in Guangdong Province, Yixing Kiln in Jiangsu Province, Tiedian Kiln in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province, etc.

The Jiangsu-Zhejiang Tiedian Kiln is the only large-scale imitation Jun Kiln kiln site in the south, but its artistic standards and aesthetics are not up to the same level.

Tiedian kiln imitation Jun kiln products first appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, with many shapes, rough and generous decoration, all made of casting wheels.

Therefore, the inner walls of large utensils such as flowerpots and bottles often have mud streaks, while the exterior is smooth.

The inside and outside of the small utensils are smooth, and the ring feet are trimmed by digging the bottom.

Tiedian kiln is located in the south of the Yangtze River, with convenient river transportation. The porcelain it produces is not only popular in China, but also exported to foreign countries, becoming an important export commodity.

The imitation Jun works of Shiwan Kiln in Guangdong Province are referred to as "Guangjun" for short, which began in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Kangyong period of the Qing Dynasty.

Guangjun is made of local clay in Shiwan, with base glaze and surface glaze applied, and fired at one time.

The color is mainly blue, mixed with red, purple, white and other colors, and the colors such as eggplant skin purple, pomegranate red, betel nut red, and green are the best, and the representative is "rain sprinkled blue".

The shapes are mainly washing, bottles, furnaces and bottles.

The book "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" describes Guangjun in this way: "Jun Kiln wins with purple, and Guang Kiln wins with blue."

Therefore, Guangjun is also known as "Lanjun".

There is a red-glazed imitation Jun porcelain bowl in Guangjun, which was mistaken for Song Jun, and it is included in "Youshi Collection of Ancient Pottery Atlas", which shows its level.

Sujiang Yixing kiln's imitation Jun works are referred to as "Yijun" for short. They began in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty. They were created and fired by Ou Ziming in Dingshan Town.

It is made of purple sand and white clay, with bottom glaze and top glaze applied, and fired at a temperature of 1200°C.

The glaze colors include sky blue, sky blue, gray blue, moon white, grape purple, etc. The color is milky and moist, similar to Jun glaze.Most of the shapes are bottles, bottles, plates, flower pots and so on.

With its unique charm, Jun porcelain has attracted countless people from ancient times to modern times.

The imitation of Jun porcelain by the ancients can be said to be all over the ages.

In modern times, the imitation of Jun porcelain is even worse. There are even many people who falsify not for the sake of inheriting the culture of Jun porcelain, but for the sake of profit.

However, it is really not easy to imitate well.

Needless to say, the peak era of Fang Jun porcelain was the Yongzheng Dynasty.

The official kiln porcelain of the Yongzheng Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty always had bold innovations on the basis of inheriting the predecessors.

Although only 13 years old, it is exquisite and unrivaled.

Especially in terms of color glaze, the achievements are outstanding.

In the Yongzheng Dynasty, more than a dozen bright new glaze colors were added for innovation in imitating antiques.

These glaze colors also represent the highest level of Yongzheng official kilns. It can be said that the artistic realm reached by it can be said to be unprecedented, never to be seen again, and no one has been able to surpass it so far.

So, what is the reason that brought about the high development of color glaze in Yongzi Dynasty?
In addition to being in the prosperity of Kang Qianlong and the national treasury being full, there are actually three other reasons that are crucial.

The first is the personal preferences of Emperor Yongzheng. In feudal society, the emperor's personal preferences can often affect the development tendency of the entire dynasty's arts and crafts.

Ordinary literati and bureaucrats are only indulged in self-appreciation.

The aesthetics of the supreme ruler can run through the production of all palace artworks.

Emperor Yongzheng was deeply educated, had a high vision, pursued the perfection of utensils, and had a special liking for the imperial color glaze.

If there is something good at the top, the bottom must follow.

The Imperial Kiln Factory regards the emperor's preference as the sole criterion for color glaze blending.

They strictly follow the samples provided by the manufacturing office with glaze and firing.

Therefore, a batch of color-glazed porcelain with fine earthenware was produced, which embodies the elegant, elegant, refined and ingenious noble temperament of court art.

"Qing Palace Building Offices Make Works Clear Files", that is, the Qing files describe the work done by the Hall of Mental Cultivation Office every year, and many of them refer to colored glazed porcelain.

For example, on June [-]th in the fourth year of Yongzheng, Yuanmingyuan came to post and called Yuanwailang Haiwang, holding a double-happy ear porcelain vase.

It's just that according to the purpose of the Qing Dynasty, although this bottle of glaze water is good, it can't be called the best.

That's why, Er Chuan Nianxi kiln, when refired, it will be finer than this color, and the style will be changed.

On the 27th day of the seventh month, according to a post from the Old Summer Palace, Langzhong Haiwang held out [-] porcelain bowls of various colors, [-] cups, [-] plates, [-] small plates, [-] slag bucket, and [-] small vases.

There is another purpose in the back: Xiyao will make samples in the next year.This is it.

The woodwork and lacquer work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs' Construction Office must be equipped with accessories for the stored things every year, with wooden seats and pouches.

Every spring and autumn, Jingzhen transported porcelain to the palace, and would first pick out good ones for the emperor to have a look at, so as to determine the type and quantity of imperial porcelain production in the coming year.

Among the incoming porcelain, there are also a large number of colored glazed porcelain.

According to the "Qing Files", Yongzheng color glaze varieties account for a considerable proportion.

It can be seen that Emperor Yongzheng had a preference for colored glaze porcelain, so the high development of Yongzheng colored glaze is closely related to the emperor's preferences.

Then there is the Nian Kiln. The so-called Nian Kiln refers to the porcelain produced by the Jingzhen Royal Kiln when the Qing government sent Nian Xiyao to manage Huai'an customs duties from the fourth year to the 13th year of Yongzheng.

Porcelain fired in this period is customarily called Nian kiln.

Nian Xiyao, a native of the Huang family in the Kangxi and Yongzheng Han armies of the Qing Dynasty, was initially appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Industry.

In the third year of Yongzheng, he was implicated in the incident of his younger brother Nian Gengyao and was dismissed from office.

In the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign, he was reactivated as the head of the Manufacturing Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and also in charge of JDZ kiln affairs.

Nian Xiyao was born in a famous official family, with considerable artistic accomplishment and management ability, and served for ten years.

Lan Pu's "JDZ Taolu" records the Nian kiln in great detail.

For example: the materials are selected and made, extremely elegant, and the cutters are more egg-colored;

The round vessels are as bright as silver, and all of them have blue or dark flowers and exquisite patterns.

Antique innovation is based on this.

Nian Kiln has made remarkable achievements in antique innovation, and some pure color glaze varieties can be called first-class.

The yearly kiln ink annotation song of "Zhali Bronze Drum Shutang Posthumous Manuscript" in the Qianlong period praised: "The pottery of the country is extremely beautiful, and the kiln has been ranked first in recent years. Ru, Ding, Guan, Ge, and Jun are not allowed, not to mention the Xuande quality of the Yongle blank. .

Nian Xiyao was the brother of Nian Gengyao, a senior official in the Yongzheng Dynasty. In November of the third year of Yongzheng, Nian Gengyao was bestowed to death.

Nian Xiyao, who was implicated, was temporarily demoted from office.

In the first month of the second year, he immediately returned to the important position of the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

This kind of situation is very rare in a feudal society where one person is guilty and the nine clans are implicated.

Yongzheng valued meritocracy, and he took a fancy to Nian Xiyao, who was born in Hanlin, for his extraordinary management talent and artistic accomplishment.

It is true that Tang Ying, the supervisor of the kiln, did the specific affairs of the Nian kiln.

However, Nian Xiyao has been dedicated to his duties for ten years, implemented the emperor's intentions from top to bottom, and strictly grasped the standards for the use of imperial wares. His contribution to Yongzheng official kilns is indisputable.

(End of this chapter)