My system is not decent

Chapter 1962 Prehistoric Works of Art
In ancient times, there was no concept of standard size.

Therefore, it is impossible for the painted pottery to appear in the same specification;

Of course, it is impossible to have the same shape and pattern.

When the ancestors made pottery, they used the method of applying mud to remove the bodily, the method of building clay strips, the method of stacking and kneading by hand, and the original slow wheel for trimming.

The pottery produced in this way cannot be very regular, with slight deformation and uneven surface.

At that time, the level of craftsmanship was limited, and the inner joints of the produced pottery were mostly rough, the mouth of the bottle was not very round and regular, and the ears on both sides were not on the same horizontal line and were of different sizes.

Painted pottery of various cultural types has its own unique type category.

If you want to collect, collectors should read more books, have more contact with real objects, and memorize the characteristics of the genre by heart.

The quality of the fetus and the shape of the utensil are all there, so the painting is left.

The patterns painted on painted pottery were the specific clan symbols of each clan or tribe at that time.

For example, Banpo painted pottery in Chang'an is mainly painted with human face patterns, fish patterns, and deformed bird patterns;
Majiayao painted pottery is mainly painted with swirl patterns, god-man patterns, and network patterns;

Xindian painted pottery is mainly painted with double hook patterns, sun patterns, deer patterns, and bird patterns;
Dawenkou painted pottery is mainly painted with octagonal patterns and deformed flower patterns.

With the advancement of technology and the gradual enhancement of human aesthetic consciousness, people in the Neolithic Age gradually began to deliberately decorate pottery.

Thus, there is a kind of art of painted pottery.

Painting is an essential part of making painted pottery.

The ancestors of the Neolithic period painted childish, simple and elegant decorative patterns with colored pigments on the prepared pottery blanks.

This makes extremely ordinary pottery become precious pieces of prehistoric art in the dexterous hands of potters.

Since you want to paint, you must have paints and tools.

The earliest painted pottery in my country originated from the Dadiwan culture, and its color is a dark red color;
Later Yangshao Culture and Majiayao Culture mainly used black color and a small amount of white color;
During the period of Banshan and Machang, a large number of brown composite colors appeared.

In the excavation of some ruins, some mineral pigments were unearthed.

After years of comprehensive research and the use of advanced scientific and technological means, the academic community has produced relatively comprehensive research results on the mineral components and colorants of various pigments, revealing the principle of the colorful and gorgeous painted pottery.

Painted pottery is first painted and then fired. Therefore, the selected mineral color must be resistant to high temperature, and the color will not decompose under high temperature, and the original color can still be maintained.

As early as tens of thousands of years ago, human beings discovered and began to take advantage of the bounty of nature.

Cavemen sprinkled red hematite powder on the body of the dead, and used the mineral powder to dye various decorations red;
In the house site of the second phase of Dadiwan, it was found that people at that time spread a layer of red hematite powder on the living surface.

It can be seen that the understanding and use of mineral pigments by humans has gone through tens of thousands of years, and red has long been regarded as an auspicious and beautiful color.

Therefore, the red color appeared naturally.

Samples were taken of the pottery bowls of the first phase of Dadiwan and the red-colored pottery pots of the Baping Banshan type in Guanghe. After inspection and determination, the coloring element is iron, and the coloring phase is iron oxide.

The unearthed mineral pigment is ochre, a weathered product of hematite, whose main component is iron oxide.

In some places, red clay with a high iron content is also used as a red pigment.

Hematite is more common in nature and easy to obtain, so red color has become the main choice for people's early painting.

They use red to express their passion, and red to symbolize the hope for happiness.

In addition to red color, in ancient times, black color should be the most used.

Black color is the most common color in painted pottery in Gansu Province.

According to the analysis of samples from Yangshao Culture, Majiayao Culture, Huoshaogou Culture, and Xindian Culture, the results show that the color elements are iron and manganese, and the color phase is ferric oxide.

Its minerals are mainly magnetite and black manganese ore.

In the black color of Majiayao culture, zinc-iron spinel was discovered for the first time.

These minerals belong to the spinel series minerals, among which zinc iron spinel and black manganese ore are darker in color after firing, and magnetite is bluish.

And this is why the black color of Majiayao culture is dark and shiny.

Gan Provincial Museum and Linxia Prefecture Museum have done some experiments.

If the painted pottery is painted with pure manganese ore pigment, the manganese element will be completely decomposed at high temperature;

If manganese-containing hematite is used, in the case of light dilution, the painted pottery will only appear red after firing;
In thicker cases, it appears dark brown.

This series of experiments showed that prehistoric potters had recognized manganese-containing hematite.

It is a mixed mineral pigment of hematite and magnetite, which has two different color rendering properties.

And proficiently mastered the changing law of shade, so that it can meet the needs of painting.

Among painted pottery, apart from those common ones, brown is the most used one.

In some painted pottery of the Banshan and Machang types, brown patterns that are neither red nor black appear.

Brown color and black color have the same chemical composition, but the content of manganese is lower than that of black color, and the content of iron is higher than that of black color, which may be mixed with red clay in the pigment.

Modern experimental analysis believes that a composite pigment of black and red pigments has been used at this time.

After color matching, the color tone has changed, and the color levels of painted pottery are therefore richer.

Next is white. From the mid-Yangshao period, individual white colors appeared.

When it comes to the Majiayao type, the white color increases.

The white color unearthed in the third phase of Dadiwan was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and the color developed was relatively pure quartz powder.

The white color of Majiayao type is mainly composed of gypsum or calcite.

After the mineral pigments are collected, they must be processed before they can be used.

First, crush the pigment minerals, and then grind them into a fine powder. The finer the pigment, the better the adhesion.

Add water to the ground fine powder to make a pigment slurry, or make a mixed pigment.

Among the cultural relics unearthed in Gan Province, due to the development of painted pottery, pigments and processing tools are often unearthed.

The ancestors of Dadiwan used to use stone axes to smash pigment minerals.

Therefore, the unearthed stone axes are often stained with paint.

The hundreds of grinding stones and grinding discs unearthed are undoubtedly a complete set of tools for grinding pigments.

Grinding stones are round, conical, and elliptical, all of which have a smooth grinding surface;
The grinding discs have various shapes, but all have a sunken grinding pit.

Some grinding discs are very delicate, the grinding surface is black and bright, and it is a regular circle.

Two tools were unearthed in the kiln site of Baidaogouping Ruins in Lanshi City, one is a stone grinding disc and the other is a pottery disc with high sides and grids.

There is a bright purple color in the pottery dish, which is used as a palette.

After the paint is adjusted, the final process is painting.

It is difficult to determine what kind of tools were used for painting, because no real objects have been unearthed.

However, according to the observation of painted pottery in Gansu Province, it is not difficult to find many patterns of painted pottery, inadvertently leaving sharp strokes.

In this way, it can be inferred that it was drawn with a tool similar to a brush.

(End of this chapter)