My system is not decent

Chapter 1964 The First Rule

For the half-mountain type painted pottery pot with gourd pattern, it is obvious that the outer outline of the gourd should be drawn first, then the fine grid pattern inside the gourd should be filled, and finally the surrounding spaces should be completed with other line decorations.

For Machang-type one-eared cups, it is necessary to first draw the zigzag stripe pattern, and then draw the fine grid pattern between the stripes.

Between the strips of about 1 square centimeter, there are 5 criss-crossing latitude and longitude lines.

The skillful skills of the painters at that time can be seen from this.

If not, the lines will be of different thickness, uneven density, or the lines will be bent so as to overlap and so on.

It can be seen that the proficiency of painting skills directly affects the quality and beauty of painted pottery.

No matter what kind of vessel shape, what kind of pattern, or what kind of cultural type, let it be ever-changing, always follow certain principles and procedures when painting colors.

That is, from top to bottom, from point to surface, from the main body first to others, and from the overall layout to the local structure.

These laws created the precedent for the general rules of painting art in later generations.

In the heyday of painted pottery in Gansu Province, the patterns were still complicated but not chaotic, and the fundamental reason was the above-mentioned basic rules of painting.

Painted pottery is painted when the pottery is not completely dry.

After the green body is painted, it needs to be polished repeatedly with tools such as pebbles.

In this way, the texture of the surface of the device can be compacted and become smooth and delicate.

The painted color material will also be embedded in the watch by rolling and grinding.

In this way, it will become an organic part of the surface of the device, which is firmly attached to the green body and will not fall off, and the surface of the device will be bright and beautiful after firing.

The painted pottery watch of the Banshan type is the most finely polished, with bright patterns and dazzling brilliance, reaching the ultimate.

The painted pottery pot of the Banshan type in Moujiaping, Lanshi, has indentations at the junction of the neck and shoulders produced by longitudinal rolling with a round stick.

After later experiments, the inner color can be rolled with a hard and smooth ball, and the outer color can be rolled with a hard and smooth round stick.

When rolling, pay attention that the direction of force is basically perpendicular to the surface of the device, so that the color material will not be displaced and the pattern will remain the same.

Applying a layer of colored pottery to the pottery before painting is a common practice in various types of painted pottery culture after the middle Yangshao period.

After the pottery clothes are applied, the surface of the utensil is like a layer of gorgeous colorful clothes, and then painted with other colors.

For example, black color is painted on red pottery clothes, the color contrast is strong and stable, and it is more gorgeous and eye-catching.

Even if some pottery is no longer painted after adding pottery clothes, such as the fourth phase of Dadiwan pottery tripod, the whole body is decorated with purple red pottery clothes, which still looks gorgeous and dazzling.

The raw material for pottery clothing is generally fine clay mud that has been carefully washed, and sometimes other pigments are also mixed in.

When applying pottery clothing, it is made by brushing the mud on the surface of the utensil or placing the utensil in the mud to soak.

Machang type, as well as Huoshaogou, Xindian, and Shajing cultures are all popular in terracotta clothing;
Yangshao and Majiayao cultures have a small amount of white pottery clothing.

After identification, the raw material of the red pottery coat is red clay with high iron content, and the white pottery coat is mostly chalk.

Among them, the painted pottery is special, which refers to the pottery that is painted with colorful patterns after the pottery is fired.

Colloids are added to the painted pigments of this type of pottery to make the colored materials adhere to the surface of the vessel, but it is still easy to fall off.

A piece of white painted pottery was found in the first phase of Dadiwan. The white color was painted on the inner wall of the pot. The paint was thicker and obviously higher than the surface of the pot.

According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the pigment is calcite, and its components are calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide.

The "Jiang Shi" that can be seen everywhere in the local area contains relatively high calcite, and it is estimated that the "Jiang Shi" was burned and ground into a white pigment.

In the fourth phase of Dadiwan, more painted pottery was unearthed.

One is the red color painting painted on stucco pottery, the pattern is unclear due to the color material falling off;
The other type is white paint painted on clay bottles and pots, and the phenomenon of falling off is not as serious as red paint.

The red pigment is identified as cinnabar, and the white pigment is mainly composed of calcite and a small amount of gypsum.

The composition of the white color material at this time is basically the same as that of the first period, but the texture is finer.

The adhesion performance on pottery is stronger than that of the first period, and the craftsmanship has obviously improved, which may be due to the use of better colloidal materials.

Knowing this, you can imitate these ancient pottery next.

The pottery production methods of the Neolithic Age in my country can be roughly divided into hand-made, molded and wheel-made.

It has gone through a long process of development from the early hand-made by slow-wheel trimming to fast-wheel pottery.

In other words, the earliest pottery was made without a potter's wheel.

About 7000 years ago, the slow wheel was produced.

Around 5000 years ago, the Longshan Culture in the lower reaches of the Yellow River invented and used the fast wheel.

Handmade can be further divided into kneading method, clay sheet paste construction method, and clay strip construction method.

The kneading method is limited to a small number of small utensils and accessories on the utensils.

Such as ears, feet, and hand-made mud strips attached to utensils to become additional piles.

The clay sheet sticking method is mainly popular in southern my country, and the clay strip building method is the main pottery making method in the Yellow River Basin including Gansu Province.

Molding is a pottery forming method based on a mold.

Its initial stage is the method of applying mud with molds. The earliest painted pottery in my country, that is, the painted pottery unearthed from the Dadiwan cultural site, was made by this method.

The molding method at the mature stage is prevalent in the Miaodigou and Longshan cultures in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

The difference between the two is that the former applies mud on the mold, while the latter builds mud strips on the mold.

The wheel method is a process of drawing blanks with fast-rotating pottery wheels.

Only when the rotational speed reaches more than 90 cycles per minute, can the green body be formed rapidly.

Below this speed, the rotor can only be used for trimming processes.

It can be seen that although the slow wheel has been used to make pottery, it cannot be shaped into pottery.

Therefore, it can only be used as an auxiliary means to trim the green body, so it cannot be classified into the human-wheel method.

According to the current research results, the molding methods of painted pottery in Gansu Province are mainly the mold-applied mud method and the mud strip construction method.

The pottery sherds of the first phase of Dadiwan have a very distinctive feature, that is, the layers of pottery sherds.

It is mainly divided into inner and outer layers and an inner layer, and the inner layer can be divided into two or three layers. The longitudinal through-grain of each layer can be clearly seen from the section of the pottery slice.

The inner and outer layers of painted pottery bowl-shaped vessels are all red clay pottery, and the inner tube layer is gray-black with relatively uniform fine sand particles.

The phenomenon of delamination and shedding can be seen at the stubble of the pottery fragments.

From this preliminary judgment, the pottery blank is made by layering different mud materials.

So, why can it be identified as molding?

In fact, there are several reasons. The first is that according to the common sense of pottery making technology, the sidewall of the pottery tire made by the mud strip method is relatively thick.

The pottery body of the first stage is thinner, generally 0 cm thick;

Secondly, the types of vessels in the first period were simple, and many pottery vessels were of the same size, further proving the possibility of molding;

Finally, it is also the most conclusive evidence, because the inner mold for making utensils and the outer mold for making the mouth of the pot were found, both of which were fired solid clay molds.

From this, it can be confirmed now that the earliest painted pottery was molded with mud.

That is to say, relying mainly on the inner mold, the mud material is directly extruded into mud sheets, which are applied to the mold layer by layer.

(End of this chapter)