Dahan first prince

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田叔
Ziqing, a native of Xingcheng, Zhao Guo, was a minister in the early Han Dynasty. His ancestors were descendants of the Tian family of Qi Guo.

Uncle Tian likes swordsmanship, and once learned Huang and Lao's theories from Le Jugong at his residence.Uncle Tian is honest and honest, and he is proud of it. He likes to make friends with those who are highly respected.

Zhao Guoren recommended him to Zhao Wu, Zhao Wu, and Zhao Wu praised him to Zhao Wang Zhang Ao, and Zhao Wang appointed him as a doctor.

After several years in office, he was upright, upright, honest and fair. Although Zhao Wang appreciated him, he didn't have time to promote him.

"Historical Records: Biography of Huozhi" records that Uncle Tian made his fortune by robbing tombs.

It happened that Chen Xi rebelled in Daidi. In the seventh year of the Han Dynasty (200 BC), Emperor Gaozu went to punish him. He passed by the state of Zhao. Zhang Ao, the king of Zhao, personally brought a plate of food to offer food. Sitting and yelling at him.

At that time, Prime Minister Zhao Wu and dozens of people were angry about this, and said to Zhao Wang Zhang Ao: "You serve the emperor with complete etiquette, but you are treated like this. We demand rebellion."

Zhao Wang bit his own finger and bled, and said: "My father lost his country. Without Your Majesty, we would die with maggots and no one would collect the corpse. How can you say such a thing? Don't say it again!"

So Guan Gao commented: "King Zhao is a loyal elder, and he will not betray the emperor's kindness." They plotted to kill the emperor in private.

It just so happened that the matter was discovered, and the Han Dynasty ordered the arrest of King Zhao and the rebel officials.

So Zhao Wu and others committed suicide, only Guan Gaoyuan was imprisoned.

At this time, Emperor Gao issued an edict saying: "Zhao Guo has the crime of daring to follow King Zhao to Beijing, and the three clans." Only Meng Shu, Tian Shu and more than a dozen people wore auburn prison clothes, shaved their own hair, and wore torture tools around their necks. The servant who is called King Zhao followed King Zhao Zhang Ao to Chang'an.

After the rebellion of Guan Gao and others was clarified, Zhao Wang Zhang Ao was released from prison and deposed as Marquis of Xuanping. He recommended and praised Tian Shu and other ten people.

The emperor summoned them all and talked with them. He thought that none of the ministers in the court could surpass them. The emperor was very happy and appointed them all as county guards or princes.

Uncle Tian had been the prefect of Hanzhong for more than ten years. He passed away at the time of Gao Gao, and the princes and Lu made rebellion. The ministers killed them and supported Emperor Wen of Han.

After Emperor Wen came to the throne, he summoned Uncle Tian and asked him, "Do you know who is the loyal elder in the world?"

Uncle Tian replied: "How can I know!"

The emperor said: "Sir, you are an elder, you should be able to know."

Uncle Tian kowtowed and said, "Meng Shu, the prefect of Yunzhong County, was an elder."

At that time, Meng Shu violated the criminal law because of his ineffectiveness in resisting the robbery of the Huns.

Emperor Wen said: "The first emperor appointed Meng Shu as the prefect of Yunzhong County for more than ten years. When the Huns invaded, Meng Shu couldn't stick to it. He let the soldiers die hundreds of people without reason. Should the elders kill people? How can you say that Meng Shu Is Shu the elder?"

Uncle Tian kowtowed and replied, "That's why Meng Shu is an elder."

"Guan Gao and others rebelled, and the emperor issued a clear and clear edict. Zhao Guo has dared to follow Zhao Wang Zhang Ao's human crimes and three clans. However, Meng Shu shaved off his hair and wore torture tools, and followed Zhao Wang Zhang Ao to where he was going. To die for him, how did I expect to be the prefect of Yunzhong County?"

"Han and Chu have faced each other for a long time, and the soldiers are tired and miserable. The Xiongnu King Mao (mò, Mo) Dun (dú, reading) just conquered Beiyi, and came to our frontier to harm us. Meng Shu knew that the soldiers were tired and miserable, so he couldn't bear to order them to fight again. The soldiers went to the city to fight to the death, like a son fighting for his father, and a younger brother fighting for his elder brother, and hundreds of people died because of this."

"Where did Meng Shu deliberately drive them to fight! That's why Meng Shu is an elder."

So the emperor said: "Meng Shu is really virtuous!" He recalled Meng Shu and made him the prefect of Yunzhong County again.

A few years later, Uncle Tian lost his post as prefect of Hanzhong County for breaking the law.

King Xiao Xiao of Liang sent someone to assassinate Yuan Ang, the former prime minister of the state of Wu. Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty recalled Uncle Tian and asked him to go to Liang State to investigate the case. Uncle Tian found out all the facts of the case and reported back to the court.

Emperor Han Jing said: "Has the King of Liang sent someone to assassinate Yuan An?"

He replied: "I'm guilty of death! Liang Wang has that matter!"

The emperor said, "Is there any evidence of guilt?"

Uncle Tian said, "Your Majesty, don't ask about Liang Wang's affairs."

The emperor said, "Why?"

Uncle Tian said: "If the king of Liang does not abide by the law and is executed, then the criminal law of the Han Dynasty cannot be enforced; if he dies in accordance with the law, the queen mother will not eat well and sleep restlessly. This is your worry again!"

Emperor Han Jing appreciated him very much and made him the prime minister of Lu.

Uncle Tian just took office, and more than 100 people took the initiative to find him, accusing King Lu of taking financial affairs.

Uncle Tian grabbed the leader of the [-] people, beat each of them with [-] slaps, and the rest of them had [-] strokes on the palm of their hands. He said angrily to them, "Isn't King Lu your lord? How dare you slander the lord!"

When the King of Lu heard about it, he was very ashamed, and took money from the inner treasury to ask the Prime Minister to pay them back.

Uncle Tian said: "What the king took for himself, let the state repay it. This is because the king has done bad things and the state minister has done good things. The state minister cannot participate in the repayment." So the king of Lu repaid all the money to the people.

King Lu liked to hunt, and Uncle Tian often followed him into the hunting garden. King Lu always asked him to rest in the mansion, so Uncle Tian went out of the garden and often sat in the open air to wait for King Lu.

King Lu sent people to invite him to rest many times, but he refused to rest after all, saying: "Our King Lu is exposed in the garden, how can I go to the building alone!" safari.

A few years later, Uncle Tian died while serving as the Prime Minister of the State of Lu. The King of Lu gave him a sacrifice of one hundred catties of gold.The youngest son Tian Ren refused to accept it, saying: "You can't damage my late father's reputation because of a hundred catties of gold."

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魏尚
(?—157 BC), a native of Huaili (now Xingping County) in the Western Han Dynasty.

In the time of Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty, he was the prefect of Yunzhong (now northeast of Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia).

He guarded the frontier, defended against the Huns, and made great achievements in combat.

Later, because the number of enemy kills reported to the court did not match the reality, only six heads were missing, he was dismissed and investigated.

Feng Tang, the director of the Langzhong, thought that Wei Shang had been treated improperly, so he confronted the emperor directly. Emperor Wen sent Feng Tang to Yunzhong with a talisman to pardon Wei Shang's crimes, and restored him as the prefect of Yunzhong.

He ran the army strictly and cared about his subordinates. All the rent and taxes of the army were used to reward the officers and soldiers of his subordinates. He also used his salary to kill cattle and sheep, and entertained his subordinates every five days. His subordinates loved him very much.

The whole army had a high momentum, throwing stones over a distance, everyone scrambled to be the first, the army was so powerful that the Huns were in awe.

The soldiers worked so hard, and Wei Shang also tried his best to report and ask for credit for the soldiers.

Unexpectedly, once the boat capsized in the gutter.

——Because the number of enemy kills reported to the court did not match the actual situation, and six heads were missing, Wei Shang was dismissed from his post and investigated, seized his title, and was sentenced to one year in prison.

It is only six heads short, which is far from being watery. Compared with other descendants who advocate numbers and political achievements, they are nothing, so everyone privately thinks that Wei Shang is very wronged.

Wei Shang has a good friend named Feng Tang, who is the director of Langzhong in the imperial court.

One day, when Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was discussing with Feng Tang, they talked about the famous ancient generals Lian Po and Li Mu.

When Feng Tang talked about the achievements of Lian Po and Li Mu, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty patted his thigh and sighed: If I can get generals like Lian Po and Li Mu, do I still have to worry about the Huns?

Unexpectedly, Feng Tang said: Your Majesty, even if you get talents like Lian Po and Li Mu, you will not appoint them.

Emperor Han Wen was upset and said: Why do you guys say that?Doesn't this embarrass me?

Feng Tang said: I am a vulgar person, and I don't care about the occasion when I speak.

Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty knew that Feng Tang was not talking nonsense regardless of the occasion. Feng Tang said that there was something in his words, but what he said was too poisonous.

He was worrying about the invasion of the Huns, so he asked impatiently: Then why do you say that I can't appoint talents like Lian Po and Li Mu?

When Feng Tang saw that Emperor Han Wen had taken the bait, he said: In ancient times, after the king appointed generals to go out to fight, the generals were in charge of all matters in the army.

The so-called generals are outside, and the emperor's orders are not accepted; such as military merits and how much rewards are determined by the generals outside, and only after returning to the king.

My ancestors said that Li Mu served as the general of the Zhao State, and he fought in the border areas. He was completely in charge of military affairs and never received interference from the monarch. That's why he was able to expel Shanyu and defeat Donghu.

But later, Zhao Wangqian succeeded to the throne, listened to the slander, and killed Li Mu, resulting in the destruction of Zhao State by Qin State.

Then, Feng Tang told about Wei Shang.He said that the provisions of the law are too harsh, the rewards are too light, and the punishments are too heavy, which is not conducive to exerting the combat effectiveness of soldiers as much as possible.

If you continue to pursue such a policy, even if your Majesty gets generals like Lian Po and Li Mu, you will not be able to truly make the best use of their talents and properly appoint them.

It made sense for Emperor Han Wen to think about it, and immediately issued an edict, asking Feng Tang to carry the talisman to pardon Wei Shang, still let him be the governor of Yunzhong, and promoted Feng Tang to be the captain of the chariot and rider, in charge of the lieutenant and the governors of various counties. Chariot soldiers.

After Wei Shang returned to office, he tried his best to rectify the military affairs of Yunzhong County, and the Huns were very afraid.

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郅都
Zhidu was born in Yang County (now southeast of Hongdong County, Shanxi Province) in the Western Han Dynasty, and served Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty as a Lang Guan.

Zhidu is brave, powerful, fair and honest, he does not open private letters of intercession, he does not accept gifts, and he does not listen to personal entrustments.

He often said to himself: "I have betrayed my parents and came to be an official. I should perform my duties in the official position and die with integrity. After all, I will not be able to care about my wife and children."

During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Zhidu became a general of Zhonglang, dared to speak out to the court, and convinced people face to face in the court.

He once followed Emperor Jing to Shanglin Garden, and Jia Ji, a court official of Emperor Jing, went to the toilet, but a wild boar broke into the toilet suddenly.

Emperor Jing used his eyes to signal Zhidu to go to rescue him, but Zhidu refused to act.

Emperor Jing wanted to rescue Jia Ji with a weapon in person, so he knelt in front of Emperor Jing and said, "If you lose a concubine, another concubine will enter the palace. Is there a shortage of people like Jia Ji in the world? Even if your majesty despises yourself, But what about the ancestral temple and the queen mother?"

Emperor Jing turned around, and the wild boar left.

When Empress Dowager Dou heard about this incident, she rewarded Zhidu with a hundred catties of gold, and Emperor Jing valued Zhidu from then on.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the government of the Western Han Dynasty advocated "government by doing nothing", and the power of powerful landlords expanded rapidly.

There are more than 300 clans with big surnames in Jinan County. They are tyrannical and treacherous.

The local officials followed the common law, "there is no way to control them", and the Jinan prefect could not subdue them, so Emperor Han Jing worshiped them all as the prefect of Jinan County.

Zhidu came to the Jinan County Office and resorted to violence to control violence.

When he took office, he killed all the chief criminals of several big surname families, including the Sui family. The rest of the big surname villains were so frightened that their thighs trembled and they dared not confront the government anymore.

After more than a year, Jinan County Road did not pick up the lost things.

Zhidu attacked Jinan's tyrants and had a great impact. The prefects of more than a dozen surrounding counties feared Zhidu, just like they feared the higher-level officials.

In 150 BC (the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty), Zhi Du was promoted to lieutenant (the position of a military officer), in charge of the security guards of the capital, and personally led the Northern Army.

He enforced the law well, never followed others, and never acted according to the face of powerful officials.

The prime minister, Zhou Yafu, was arrogant and arrogant, but Zhidu saw that he just bowed to him, not bowed down.

At that time, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty was determined to restore the country's economic strength, and implemented the policy of "reducing corvee and reducing taxes", so the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and few people violated the law. Most of the offenders were relatives of the emperor and heroes.

Zhidu implements harsh criminal laws, and does not shy away from the powerful and royal family. Anyone who violates the law, no matter who the official is, will be punished by law.

When Liehou and the royal family saw him, they all looked sideways at him and called him "Goshawk".

Liu Rong, the eldest son of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, was established as the prince in 153 BC (the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty).

In 150 BC (the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty), because Liu Rong's mother Li Ji fell out of favor, Liu Che's (later Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) mother Wang Zhi secretly instigated ministers to ask Emperor Han Jing to make Li Ji queen, and Emperor Han Jing was furious , Liu Rong was abolished as the king of Linjiang.

In 148 BC, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty summoned Liu Rong to meet Liu Rong because he committed a crime by occupying the ancestral temple and building a palace.

Liu Rong, king of Linjiang, was summoned to the Lieutenant's Mansion for interrogation. Zhidu was severely interrogated. Liu Rong was frightened and asked Zhidu to give him writing tools and to write directly to Emperor Han Jing to express his apology, but Zhidu told the officials not to write to him. tool.

Empress Dowager Dou's nephew Wei Qihou Dou Ying sent someone to secretly send writing tools to Liu Rong. After Liu Rong wrote a letter of apology to Emperor Jing, he committed suicide in the lieutenant's mansion.

Empress Dowager Dou was furious when she heard the news of her grandson's death. She deeply hated Zhidu's strict law enforcement and refused to tolerate it. The prefect of the county does not need to go to Chang'an to receive orders, but goes directly to Yanmen to take up the post, and handles political affairs independently according to the actual situation.

During the period of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu cavalry invaded southward and harassed the border for years, and several border counties were restless for a long time.

The Huns have always admired Zhidu's integrity and prestige, and they were terrified when they learned that Zhidu was appointed as the prefect of Yanmen.

Zhidu just arrived in Yanmen County, and the Huns cavalry retreated, away from Yanmen.

The Xiongnu once used wood to carve puppets in the shape of Zhidu and set them up as arrow targets to make the Huns cavalry run and shoot. Because they were afraid of Zhidu, none of the Xiongnu cavalry could hit them.Until Zhidu died, the Huns never dared to approach Yanmen.

Empress Dowager Dou learned that Emperor Han Jing reused Zhidu again, and immediately ordered Zhidu to be arrested.

Emperor Han Jing defended Zhidu, saying: "All Zhidu are loyal ministers."

Prepare to release Zhidu.Empress Dowager Dou did not forget the death of her grandson Liu Rong, and said: "Isn't the king of Linjiang a loyal minister?"

Under her interference, Zhidu was finally killed.