my scientific age

Chapter 139 Steady!
From a chemical point of view, the nitro compound itself is unstable. It generates oxygen after thermal decomposition, and the carbon in the organic molecule provides fuel. Therefore, the combustion of the nitro compound can be carried out spontaneously without the need for external oxygen. During the entire combustion process, It will release a lot of heat, further positive feedback and accelerate the self-decomposition of the nitro compound, so that the overall reaction speed will expand instantly.

The vast majority of nitro compounds, including nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, nitrodiethylene glycol, nitrotriethylene glycol, etc., are flammable and explosive substances.

大剂量烧杯中，精致棉在浓硝硫混酸饱和溶液影响下产生酯化反应，硫酸作为催化剂使得整个反应速率和进程不断提升，反应式为【C6H7O2（OH）3】+nyHNO3【C6H7O2(OH)3-y（ONO2）y】n+nyH2O，可逆反应产生H2SO4。

15 minutes later, the scheduled time is up.

Yu Hua turned his eyes to the beaker. At this time, the refined cotton in the mixed acid solution of nitrosulfuric acid had undergone slight changes and became more and more transparent. According to the experimental steps, carefully take out a mass of refined cotton that has undergone esterification, and wash it with water first. Then wash with ethanol, and then put it into a beaker containing alcohol ether acetone solvent.

Next, is the most critical detection link.

When the refined cotton that has undergone the esterification reaction comes into contact with the alcohol ether acetone solvent, the seemingly flexible refined cotton immediately breaks and dissolves at a speed visible to the naked eye.

Yu Hua held the experimental notebook in his left hand and a pen in his right hand. While observing the inspection situation in the beaker, he recorded the entire process in detail.

After 2 minutes, the whole clump of refined cotton was completely dissolved, which was initially indicated as complete nitration. Yu Hua then carried out other tests on it. Regarding the degree of esterification of nitrocellulose, it is mainly expressed by three key parameters. First, the most important percentage of nitrogen content , two, degree of esterification, three, degree of nitration.

Three key parameters determine the quality of nitrocellulose and distinguish the final use. Later gunpowders classified nitrocellulose with different nitrogen contents into four grades of ABCD.

The nitrogen content of A-grade nitrocellulose is in the range of 12.5% ​​- 12.7%, and the solubility of alcohol ether acetone solvent reaches more than 99%. This is the most ideal top-quality nitrocellulose for single-base propellant.

The nitrogen content of B-grade nitrocellulose is more than 13.2%, and the solubility of alcohol ether solvent is about 40%. It is also used to configure single-base propellant.

C-grade nitrocellulose has a nitrogen content of 11.9%-12.4% and a solubility of 95%. It is used to prepare double-base drugs.

The nitrogen content of D-grade nitrocellulose is about 11.8%-12.1%, and the solubility is more than 98%. It is used to configure double base drugs and rocket propellants.

And Yu Hua's current goal is to make A-grade nitrocellulose.

With nearly a thousand times of approximate thinking simulation training + brain, Yu Hua precisely controls his hands and continuously conducts a series of tests as required. The movements are particularly proficient, and the process is fast and stable.

I have to say that at this moment, Yu Hua has extremely rich experience in making nitrocellulose by hand. Compared with the master of the gunpowder workshop in the Hanyang Arsenal, it is no worse, or even better.

stable!
Whether it is preparing nitrocellulose or testing nitrocellulose, the most important requirement is stability.

With his brain's precise control over his hands, Yu Hua did not tremble during the entire detection process, and the stability was beyond imagination, comparable to a machine.

Standing by the side, Xu Rui methodically submitted various expensive chemical reagents and equipment according to Yu Hua's requirements.

Twenty minutes later, Yu Hua, who completed more than ten chemical tests, got the final result—the nitrogen content was 10%, and the solubility of alcohol and ether solvents reached 12.6%.

The first experiment to produce nitrocellulose was successful.

Now, the refined cotton will be officially renamed as nitrocellulose after a fully tested esterification reaction, and become another substance.

This is the power of chemistry, turning cotton used for heating into a deadly murder weapon with just one simple operation.

After Yu Hua finished recording, he quickly took out the nitrocellulose in the mixed acid of nitric and sulfuric acid, and processed it according to a series of subsequent steps. Soda ash was deacidified, washed with water, and then dehydrated and dried.

After a while of busy work, the hand-made grade A nitrocellulose was quietly placed in the utensils on the operating table, a total of 9 groups.

"Next, the B-grade nitrocellulose with alcohol ether solubility of about 40%." After completing this operation, Yu Hua immediately prepared B-grade nitrocellulose according to the formula of the single-base propellant.

Among the composition of the whole single-base propellant, the content of nitrocellulose accounts for about 95%, which is mainly composed of two kinds of nitrocellulose with different nitrogen contents, which can also be called mixed nitrocellulose.

It can be said that the quality of the two nitrocellulose determines the final performance of the single-base propellant.

With the first successful production experience, about an hour later, Yu Hua, who was constantly busy in the laboratory, successfully produced B-grade nitrocellulose with incomplete nitration.

There is a mass of nitrocellulose in a similar gel state in the beaker, which is an ideal carrier for various energetic solvents and A-grade nitrocellulose.

The raw materials are ready, and the research and development progress of the single-base propellant technology has come to the last step - configuring the propellant.

This is the most important and critical part of the entire research and development process. A wrong step will affect the performance of the propellant and make it unable to achieve the expected goal.

Fortunately, Yu Hua remembered the complete recipe and detailed experimental steps of the original video, just follow the gourd and draw a scoop to get it done.

If he were to really develop a new type of single-base propellant from scratch, the development process would never be so easy.

It is useless to know the raw materials and recipes. There must be detailed steps, just like the recipe of Coca-Cola. Everyone knows that there are water and saccharin, but who can make the same taste?

No.

"Ruizi, go get diphenylamine, camphor, and graphite." Yu Hua, whose hands were sore, stood beside him and rested for a while, looking at the two types of nitrocellulose on the console, his eyes gleamed, and said to Xu Rui.

"Yes!" Xu Rui seemed to have understood something, nodded and turned around to get the corresponding chemical materials.

Yu Hua left the operating table and came to the experimental product placement area on the left side of the laboratory. Holding his breath, he picked up the nitroglycerin that was initially prepared with both hands, carefully transferred it to the operating table, and put it down gently.

If it is said that nitrocellulose will spontaneously ignite if you are not careful, then these two kilograms of nitroglycerin are extremely unstable children, and they will be fried if you are not careful.

At this time, Xu Rui had already brought the three required chemical materials and placed them on the operating table.

Yu Hua put down the nitroglycerin, stood in the main position, closed his eyes, recalled the detailed steps of the video, and reviewed the video for the last time. After more than ten seconds, he opened his eyes and picked up the beaker with gelatinous nitrocellulose in his right hand.

Next, put in diphenylamine.

As a chemical stabilizer in the whole formula, diphenylamine is mainly used to improve the chemical stability of the single-base drug storage composition and prolong the storage life.

(End of this chapter)