my scientific age

Chapter 259 As long as the hoe swings well, there is no wall to dig down!
Smelt independently!

Whether it is the production of 75mm artillery or 105mm howitzer, the material problem must be self-produced, and buying alone will never become a climate.

When others want to get stuck in your neck, you can get stuck on your neck whenever you want. In peacetime, you can sell you a ton of [-] silver dollars. In the face of such a high price, there is nothing you can do. In wartime, you can directly cut off your supply.

And this is currently the top problem facing the three major arsenals in Gongxian, Hanyang, and Taiyuan. The Taiyuan arsenal can manufacture 105mm howitzers and artillery shells, and Gongxian and Hanyang can manufacture 75mm mountain artillery and artillery shells. , 100% dependent on imports.

With the outbreak of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War, China's external connection channels will be quickly interrupted. Once the gun steel in the arsenal is exhausted, it will fall into the embarrassing situation of no steel available.

At that time, not to mention the high price, even if you can buy gun steel, how much can you buy?
One thousand tons, or ten thousand tons?

You must know that high-strength gun steel is a type of special steel, which has a huge gap with the steel used in mortars. For any country that can produce gun steel, this high-end metal is an absolute top strategic resource. In the event of an emergency The situation will have a high probability of interrupting the outflow of gun steel.

China can never become prosperous by buying, and independent production is the only option.

And this is the reason why Yu Hua must develop oxygen blowing furnace and electroslag remelting technology.

You can't give up independent research and development just because you can buy it temporarily, and you can't dare to develop it because of the potential threat of the Japanese.

Of course, Yu Hua is not going to hand over the oxygen-blowing furnace and electroslag remelting to Nanjing. Currently, there are only bases for the goals of these two technologies.

The oxygen blowing furnace and electroslag remelting technology can be put into use at the fastest speed according to the ground, and they are put to good use.

If it is handed over to Nanjing, there will only be one final result, which will be leaked to the Japanese.

"Oxygen top-blowing converter technology? Let me think about it, if I remember correctly, the steel industry has already phased out the converter steelmaking process. At present, the mainstream steelmaking method in the world is all open hearth steelmaking. Only a few backward countries such as the Soviet Union and The joining countries adopt the converter steelmaking process, Yu Hua, you should understand the defects of converter steelmaking." Zhuang Qianding had a brief stunned expression on his face when he heard the words of independent research and development, and immediately reacted, feeling the seriousness and seriousness in Yu Hua's eyes. Seriously, he responded immediately.

Zhuang Qianding is not an ordinary person who can be fooled by casual professional words. He is a top expert in many fields. Regarding metallurgical engineering and steelmaking, Zhuang Qianding's academic level is not as high as that of top metallurgists in Europe and America. degree, but no problem as a senior metallurgist.

In the country, it is second to none.

Converter steelmaking, this kind of steelmaking process that has been eliminated, he is familiar with and can no longer be familiar with.

The earliest modern steel-making method in the world was converter steel-making. In 1856, Bessmer invented the bottom-blown acid converter steel-making method, which can produce a large amount of steel, transforming steel from a noble luxury into a cheap consumable, and promoting the second place in Europe. sub-industrial revolution.

However, this Bassmart converter has huge defects. Since it cannot remove sulfur and phosphorus, the raw material requirements are extremely strict, and it must be high-quality low-phosphorus and low-sulfur iron ore.

The question is, where in Europe to find a large amount of low-sulfur and low-phosphorus iron ore?
As a last resort, people can only continue to pursue new steelmaking methods. Soon after, metallurgist Thomas invented the alkaline converter. Through the alkaline refractory brick lining and quicklime, the entire smelting process is carried out in an alkaline environment. Iron ore The phosphorus and limestone are combined into the steel slag to solve the problem of high phosphorus in iron ore, which makes the raw material requirements drop abruptly, and finally brings the development of the second industrial revolution to a climax, becoming the mainstream steelmaking method in Europe and even the world.

However, there is still a fatal problem with the Thomas alkaline converter, which has strict requirements on the composition of pig iron and cannot use large amounts of scrap steel.

Yes, scrap steel cannot be used in large quantities.

As a result, there are more and more scrap steel on the market, to the extent that people have to pay attention and solve it. In 1888, the Frenchman Martin used the principle of heat storage to create an alkaline open hearth.

Open hearth steelmaking has low requirements on raw materials, large capacity, and many types of production. Whether it is the difficulty of the production process or the production cost, it is much higher than that of the basic converter.

Once open hearth steelmaking came out, it quickly replaced basic converter as the mainstream steelmaking method.

At present, the defects of converter steelmaking are still unresolved, and scrap steel cannot be used in large quantities. The converter must use an alkaline furnace, otherwise it must use low-sulfur and low-phosphorus iron ore.

Either way, it is not in line with the domestic situation.

The sulfur content of Zhonghua iron ore is not particularly high, but it definitely does not meet the raw material requirements of Bassmer converters. Let’s use alkaline converters. The problem is that scrap steel cannot be used in large quantities.

When Yu Hua heard Zhuang Qianding's words, his face was inconvenient. He quickly picked up the pen and paper just now, and wrote quickly. This is the process of changing laws and reaction processes in the entire oxygen steelmaking process, which is calculated through mathematical simulation.

Again, if you can speak with mathematics, you should never force it with your mouth.

After a few minutes.

"Professor, this is the change rule and reaction process of the metal composition in the converter oxygen blowing process calculated by the students. It can be used as a reference. Using the oxidizing property of oxygen, not only the carbon content and impurity composition of molten iron will quickly drop to the standard range, And a large number of oxidation reactions are exothermic reactions, which can not only promote fuel combustion, but also speed up steelmaking efficiency."

Yu Hua handed the scrap paper full of chemical symbols and Chinese characters to Zhuang Qianding in front of him: "Oxygen steelmaking can make up for all the shortcomings of the converter steelmaking method."

Zhuang Qianding nodded with a solemn expression, took over the scratch paper with a series of data written on it, and his eyes revealed an unprecedented look of scrutiny, and treated the scratch paper from a professional academic perspective.

Rigorous and harsh!
This new steelmaking method must pass the most rigorous demonstrations and tests.

The change rule and reaction process of the metal composition in the converter oxygen blowing process:

Let the steelmaking raw materials be: molten iron, scrap steel, pig iron and ferroalloy.

The molten iron temperature is: 1250 degrees Celsius.

The molten iron contains silicon, manganese, carbon, phosphorus and sulfur.

Slag making materials: lime, dolomite, fluorite.

Oxidants are oxygen and iron ore.

Coolant: Scrap.

Oxidation law of silicon: In the early stage of blowing, due to the high affinity between silicon and oxygen, it will oxidize in large quantities, releasing heat during the oxidation reaction, which is one of the main heat sources in the furnace.

In the case of ensuring oxygen supply, the silicon element in the furnace will be oxidized to a very low level within 5 minutes, and the reduction of silicon will not occur until the end of the blowing process.

The reaction formula is as follows:
2（Cao）+（2FeO·SiO2）=（2CaO·SiO2）+2(FeO)
2(FeO)…

"It's interesting..." Zhuang Qianding raised his brows and continued to read.

Manganese will be rapidly oxidized in the early stage of blowing, but the oxidation rate is lower than that of silicon, and the oxidation exotherm is one of the secondary heat sources in the furnace. The reaction equation is as follows.

Carbon generates carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the early stage of blowing, and the carbon content of molten iron decreases rapidly. The reaction equation is as follows.

The oxidation law of phosphorus is expressed as the dephosphorization speed in the blowing process, and the heat released in the oxidation reaction process is one of the main heat sources in the furnace. The dephosphorization reaction equation is as follows...

Time passed slowly, and Zhuang Qianding's expression changed from solemn to solemn.

Yu Hua looked at Professor Zhuang who was in deep thought and did not disturb him. He knew that the content recorded in this draft paper had a powerful impact on the steel industry and metallurgists of this era.

To be precise, it should be a nuclear weapon.

The concept of using oxygen to make steel has long been spread in the metallurgical world. Oxygen has unparalleled advantages over air. This is the steelmaking method that all metallurgists dream of. In fact, as early as 1856, when Besmer created converter steelmaking, it was Created the idea of ​​using oxygen to make steel.

The reason why it could not be realized is very simple, the technical conditions do not allow it.

From the idea of ​​oxygen steelmaking to the first industrial application, it took a full 150 years in history.

After 15 minutes, Professor Zhuang finally put down the draft paper and looked at Yu Hua with an expression of seeing a ghost.

shock,

surprise,

incredible,

There are still doubts.

He couldn't imagine how Yu Hua did it.

"Professor Zhuang?" Yu Hua asked at the right time.

"I knew the benefits of oxygen steelmaking for a long time. I didn't expect that the efficiency of oxygen steelmaking would reach this level. The reaction in the furnace only takes 20 minutes. This is a big step in the industrial application of oxygen steelmaking. Yu Hua, relying on With this scratch paper, you can instantly become a hot metallurgist." Zhuang Qianding said with emotion, "I really don't know how you did it."

As a senior theoretical metallurgist, Zhuang Qianding, of course, knows the idea of ​​oxygen steelmaking, but this idea has been ignored by many people in the metallurgical field. delusional.

In the entire metallurgical world, only a few people are insisting on the path of oxygen steelmaking.

As for Yu Hua's change law and reaction process of oxygen steelmaking, the theoretical level is very detailed and comprehensive, the reaction equation is extremely rigorous, and every data is correct.

This draft paper can be called a breakthrough in the industrial application of oxygen steelmaking.

"Students listened to your talk about the development of steelmaking and the open hearth steelmaking process, and went to the library to look for books on metallurgical engineering. Finally, based on Mr. Besmer's concept of oxygen steelmaking, they simulated the process with mathematics." Yu Hua explained .

After Zhuang Qianding sighed in his heart, he immediately returned to a rational state. To realize oxygen steelmaking, there are still two core problems that need to be solved: "Yu Hua, oxygen steelmaking is good, but if you use oxygen to make steel, what should you do? To solve the production and blowing of oxygen? At present, we do not have the basic conditions for producing a large amount of oxygen, and we have not found an effective oxygen blowing method in engineering. The oxygen intensity must reach the requirement of 2 cubic meters, which is a strict test for oxygen blowing.”

How to realize the preparation and blowing of oxygen?
Production and blowing is a dynamic process. Once steelmaking starts, it means 24-hour operation. The total amount of oxygen produced must meet the total demand for steelmaking, and the oxygen blowing needs to ensure safety and flow at all times.

Anyone can understand the working principle, but technically it is a super big problem.

"Professor, students use air separation equipment and oxygen lances to solve the production and blowing of oxygen." With a serious face, Yu Hua gave the answer to the two key questions given by Professor Zhuang Qianding: "At present, these two technologies The progress of the research is very impressive. The students have developed an oxygen lance that meets the requirements, which can spray oxygen out at supersonic speed and enter the furnace to realize oxygen blowing. This is a schematic diagram of the oxygen lance and the converter."

When the words fell, he held the pen in his right hand, and sketched a schematic diagram of the three-hole nozzle oxygen lance and the converter on the scratch paper. The oxygen lance contained the internal structure.

Zhuang Qianding took over the schematic diagram of the oxygen lance and looked at the internal structure. Years of mechanical engineering experience told him that this oxygen lance could meet the requirements of oxygen blowing.

The structure is ingenious, the top blowing method is simple and convenient, and the whole design is perfect.

"There is no problem in mechanical engineering. This is a very good design. What about the air separation plant? How much oxygen can be produced per hour?" .

The words revealed a hint of urgency, wanting to know whether Yu Hua has made breakthroughs in air separation equipment.

It is common sense that pure oxygen is produced from air separation equipment and laboratory electrolysis.

However, Zhuang Qianding knew very well that all the air separation plants in the world could not meet the standard of oxygen steelmaking. Of course, if the money was too much, it would be possible to use stupid methods. One is not enough for ten units, as long as there are enough converters. The total oxygen demand for steelmaking.

Assuming a 30-ton industrial-grade oxygen converter, the oxygen consumption per ton of metal is 3 cubic meters per minute, and the total oxygen demand per hour is 5400 cubic meters. 15 air separation plants are needed.

Although it's a disaster in terms of investment costs, at least it's barely working, isn't it?

"This is the problem faced by the students. I use a turbocharged intake structure to make the compressor air intake reach 1014 cubic meters per hour, but the piston compression structure cannot handle such a large amount of air, and a new compression structure must be used. , the students' knowledge reserve is not enough, and I have not thought of which compression structure meets the requirements for the time being, so I can only come to you for help." Yu Hua revealed the difficulties he faced, and then saluted.

"Remember the content of my fourth mechanical engineering elective?"

Hearing this question, Zhuang Qianding was stunned for a moment, a faint smile appeared on his face, and he said to Yu Hua.

"The fourth elective course in mechanical engineering..."

Yu Hua was lost in thought, and his mind quickly gave the relevant knowledge points of this class, and suddenly reacted: "Professor, what do you mean, steam turbine?"

"Yes, steam turbines are essentially turbines, and they are distinguished by working fluid. Water as working fluid is called hydraulic turbine, steam as working fluid is called steam turbine, and gas as working fluid is called gas turbine turbine. Flat machine."

Zhuang Qianding nodded and said, "Since you have already adopted a turbocharger as the intake structure, why not use a turbine with a similar structure as the compression structure."

"The students have been taught, but I made a mistake of rigid thinking and didn't use knowledge flexibly." Yu Hua was stunned when he heard the words, and instantly reacted to his own problem.

It's not that there is no suitable compression structure, but that his mind didn't react, and he still stayed at the level of relying on reference materials. When he lost reference materials, or even had no reference materials, he suddenly felt a little overwhelmed.

This rigid thinking reaction is extremely normal for an ordinary traveler, but for Yu Hua, who is engaged in basic science and applied scientific research, it is a completely low-level mistake.

"Haha, this is normal, because you are still in the learning stage. However, it is only now that I feel that you are a student and I am a professor. Otherwise, I would have thought that you are a senior scholar who has been engaged in mechanical research for many years."

Looking at Yu Hua who was giving the student etiquette, 35-year-old Zhuang Qianding laughed heartily and said, "What are you going to do next?"

"The students would like to invite you to join the new air separation equipment research project, and get the air separation equipment as soon as possible to lay the material foundation for the oxygen top-blown converter technology. Compared with the current open hearth steelmaking, the oxygen converter has a full range of rolling, a 2T grade oxygen converter steel The annual output is theoretically up to 3-3.5 tons, and this technology is extremely important to China." Yu Hua looked respectful and serious, bent down, saluted again to Professor Zhuang Qianding, and expressed his thoughts.

Invite Zhuang Qianding to join the air separation plant project and the follow-up oxygen blowing furnace project.

This is Yu Hua's idea.

However, the whole idea is not complete.

In fact, Yu Hua's final thought is...

Dig the wall!
Dig the foothold of your alma mater!

Professor Zhuang Qianding's academic level and comprehensive strength are terrifying, spanning important fields such as machinery, chemical industry, metallurgy, and aviation power. The importance is self-evident. If the base area is dug up, it will greatly help the industrial establishment and development of the base area.

The reason why Yu Hua revealed the secret of the oxygen converter to Professor Zhuang Qianding was because of this calculation.

As the old saying goes: as long as the hoe swings well, there is no wall to dig down.

The oxygen converter is Yu Hua's golden hoe.

As for the failure of the digging, whether there is a leak of the oxygen converter, Yu Hua is not worried. He believes in his own judgment, and even more in Professor Zhuang.

Sorry, my alma mater, the base area needs Professor Zhuang even more.

"Join the air separation plant project?" Zhuang Qianding was stunned for a moment, glanced at Yu Hua, and fell into thought.

(End of this chapter)