Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 1280 Xiangfu Night Party ([-])
At the same time that Gao Wushi and Liu Xin were discussing world events, there were also guests in Shen Shixing's scholar's residence.

This guest is none other than Zhang Cheng, one of the eunuchs of the Si Lijian.

Shen Shixing and Zhang Cheng were seated separately, and the coffee table beside them both had top-grade tea, which was obviously fragrant, but they were not interested.

"There were no heroes, so Shuzi became famous." I don't know how long it took before Zhang Cheng broke the silence: "Yuanfu, our family said a long time ago, don't let Gao pragmatically win again, why don't you listen What? It's better now, let him make such a big contribution, and some people even let out the wind from the palace, saying that the emperor is going to give him a title... Yuan Fu, are you in a hurry?"

Shen Shixing was silent for a while, and said solemnly: "Gao Qiuzhen won the battle because of his own ability, and not because of my help. How can I say whether I listen or not?"

Zhang Cheng sighed: "It's this time, Yuan Fu is still so old, it really makes our family admire. It's just what Yuan Fu said, but our family can't understand it - it's not Yuan Fu's recommendation, but Gao pragmatic. How can Fan get the decree to lead the army to the west?"

Shen Shixing suppressed his dissatisfaction, and said calmly: "Gao Yushi's western expedition led less than 15 soldiers, but what kind of opponents did he face? [-] worship, [-] fire, Bo Shuo Ketu Although they have not done their best, there are still [-] to [-] elite troops, and the total of these three parties exceeds at least [-] troops.

Before I set off on the expedition, I said in secret, that this battle must be fought quickly, and one more day delay may cause the Tumen to take the opportunity to invade the west. What is the role of my foreshadowing?However, once Gao Qiuzhen can't quickly settle the northwest, every one of them will be turned into a noose around his neck, and the myth of his invincibility will be shattered.In this case, the pen should also blame today's events for my previous recommendation? "

Zhang Cheng thought for a moment and said, "Since Yuan Fu didn't intend to condone, why didn't Gao pragmatically do something after dispatching troops to ensure that he could not complete these tasks?"

"Do something?" Shen Shixing's tone was a little cold: "I am the first assistant of the imperial court. In order to restrict a certain person, I disregard the success or failure of tens of thousands of troops, and in order to restrict a certain faction, I disregard the safety of three provinces and four towns. This is what the first assistant should do. Yeah? What this culprit is supposed to do!"

"Huh?" Zhang Cheng also sneered: "The success or failure of the tens of thousands of troops, the safety of the three provinces and four towns, can't all these be placed on Gao Shishi alone? Yuan Fu, you should know that this is exactly what we are all about. The situation that must be avoided—the emperor must never be allowed to think that the prosperity of the world depends on this son alone! Otherwise... what is the benefit of the cabinet?"

Shen Shixing's eyelids twitched, and he took a deep breath: "The cabinet is wise and capable, strategizing, what is the point of being useless?"

Zhang Cheng waved his hand and said, "If only Gao pragmatism can be used by one person, wouldn't it be a joke to be able to excel? As for strategizing, our family does not know that Gao pragmatism won this battle because of which suggestion and order of the cabinet we listened to?"

Shen Shixing was at a loss for words, and after a while, he said, "In any case, the incident in the northwest is very big. Even if Shixing is inconvenient to take the initiative to help, at least he can't fall into the trap and set up obstacles for high pragmatism."

"Haha, what a selfless person with a wide heart, Yuan Fuzhi's mind is really admirable, but..." Zhang Cheng obviously didn't really want to praise Shen Shixing, and said sarcastically: "It's just that he is highly pragmatic and has made great achievements now, and he has even made The palace has the intention of conferring nobility, if this happens, and Yuan Fu wants to move him in the future, it will be a hundred times more difficult than it is now."

Zhang Cheng's remarks are not without purpose. As we all know, the rulers of the past dynasties will use the appointment of officials and titles as an important political means to win people's hearts during their rule.There is a big difference between a title and an official position. An official title represents the actual rights in the hands of an official, while a title represents status and treatment.According to the regulations, the title of nobility often goes beyond the official system, that is, it is higher than the general official position, and the same is true for the noble system adopted by the Ming Dynasty.

The title system of the Ming Dynasty has been relatively procedural, institutionalized, and legalized. The title system of the Ming Dynasty has both the similarities of the past dynasties and many of its own characteristics. The reasons for the formation of these characteristics are unique to the Ming Dynasty. are closely related to social conditions.

For example, it shows that the nobility system in the dynasty adopted two systems: the clan nobility system and the heroic and foreign relatives system.The separation of kings and dukes, marquis, uncles, sons, males and fifth grades is a major feature that distinguishes the nobility system of the Ming Dynasty from the past.

And the lord only has the title and salary, and no longer has the fiefs of other dynasties, but the emperor will give "Pill Book Iron Voucher" to show his merit and show his kindness. In addition to the symbol, the "Pill Book Iron Voucher" also enjoys the privilege of immunity.

Among these two systems, the clan nobility system was established in the early days of Hongwu, and the main titles established in the system were princes, county kings, generals of Zhenguo, generals of Fuguo, and other eighth-rank titles.These titles are assigned to royal family members.

Different titles enjoy different salaries. For example, the prince's annual salary is [-] shi, which was later reduced to [-] shi.However, the salaries of these royals and nobles were still much higher than those of the officials who were awarded titles under the system of heroic and foreign relatives.

In addition, there is the system of heroic relatives.In order to win over the relatives of heroic officials, and to prevent the situation where the king with different surnames dominates and threatens the rule, the royal family of the Ming Dynasty established the five-waiting system outside the Zong clan system.In June of the third year of Hongwu, an imperial decree was issued, which stipulated the main titles and salaries of the five princes.

According to the regulations: the first grade is the prince of the country and the prince of the county, and the first grade is the prince of the county.Zheng, from the second rank to the Jun Bo, etc. - these titles have no fiefs, and no matter how the credit is calculated, one thing is certain: those who have no military merit cannot be awarded.

In terms of salary, the salary of the duke is from [-] to [-] shi, and the main salary of the marquis is from [-] to [-] shi.

These titles are divided into two types, one is for life, that is, it cannot be inherited, and the title is cut off when I die. This category is called Liu Jue; And do not engage in "push grace", always maintain, this is Spyker, which is usually called "rest with the country".As for which one to seal, there is no doubt that it also depends on the size of the military merit.

I mentioned just now that the "Pill Book Iron Voucher" system in the Ming Dynasty has its particularity. This is not a lie. Compared with the previous dynasties, this system is indeed different.

In the third year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang rewarded ten dukes and 20 marquises for his meritorious deeds.In terms of the system, it is stipulated that "those who have not made military contributions to the country shall not be knighted."However, some heroes gradually appeared, holding "Danshu iron coupons" as an excuse to disrupt social order. In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang was suspicious in his later years and massacred heroes, so the system of nobility was destroyed.

During the Yongle and Jiajing years, the two emperors revised the system, but the general pattern remained the same.After the Ming Chengzu Zhu Di seized power, he was rewarded for his merits according to the "change of Jingnan".But at this time, there are also very few people who do not rely on military merit to be awarded titles. For example, Xu Cheng, the uncle of Yongxin who dealt with the death of his concubine and resolved the feud between Ming Chengzu and Princess Ningguo's brother and sister - of course, this is an isolated case and does not have the universality.

Time advanced to the Jiajing period. At that time, due to the willful actions of the former emperor Zhengde, the court began to have a situation where titles were overflowing and military attaches were difficult to seal.In order to solve this kind of problem, Emperor Jiajing imposed strict restrictions on the standard of enfeoffment. On the one hand, he reiterated that "non-military workers shall not be awarded titles";

So far, the nobility system in the Ming Dynasty was basically defined.

Although the Jiajing Emperor became a "Daojun Emperor" in the later period, it is undeniable that he was relatively wise in the early stage of his rule. To a certain extent, he was somewhat similar to Tang Xuanzong Li Longji.If I have to say a different point, it is probably that the late Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was more famous for his infinite love for Concubine Yang Guifei, while Sejong Jiajing was obsessed with Taoism.

Then, in the early years of Jiajing, why did Jiajing once again reiterate that "non-military people cannot be awarded titles", and once again emphasized the privilege of "danshu iron coupons"?
Emperor Jiajing is most recognized by later generations for his intrigue. The above two things are actually intriguing.

"No military meritorious person shall be awarded a title." This seems to be just a reiteration of the ancestral system. There is nothing special about it.

actually not.

"No one who is not a military meritorious person shall be awarded a title." Basically, it is suppressing the civilian group that has gained an absolute advantage in the imperial court, and putting shackles on the civilian group.This is for a seemingly upright reason, basically shackles the civil service group outside the lord system, so that they cannot continue to expand the "sphere of influence", and completely overwhelms the lord line.

Why do you say that?If other merits other than military merit can also be knighted, then the civil service group in charge of the imperial court has all kinds of reasons to find civil ministers who can be knighted, and let these civil ministers become lords. , and most of the lords will be awarded by civil servants.

You must know that no matter how the military officials and nobles fell, the imperial system also stipulated that the world's guards needed them to be named.In other words: the loyalty of military officials and nobles means that the military power in the world is always in the hands of the emperor, and he is always a strong supporter of the imperial power.

So once Xungui has become one of the strongholds of the civil service group, how much of the emperor's imperial power is left?
Emperor Jiajing saw through this essence very keenly, so he reiterated the ancestral system of "non-military people who are not allowed to be awarded titles", which is actually one of the specific manifestations of his imperial power.

As for the reason for the award of the title, there are two main reasons.

The first is to give relief to the hero.In the feudal dynasties, conferring titles and certificates was the highest treatment, and the main reason for the emperor to do so was to comfort the heroes to consolidate his ruling needs.As long as officials use knighthood as an extraordinarily noble incentive, such a measure must have greatly boosted their political activism.

The second is peace of mind.For officials in the court, the "Pill Book Iron Voucher" is equivalent to a "heart-protecting pill", because obtaining it can exonerate the emperor. In order to maintain his rule, the emperor needs to use this method to win over important officials.

On the whole, however, the privileges of the Lord have been slowly diminishing.

For example, in the Hongwu Dynasty, although the clan aristocrats and heroes at that time enjoyed many privileges, they were often influenced by the emperor's will when they conflicted with the imperial power. At this time, the law lost its original effect in the past. "Pill book iron coupons" as a privilege to avoid death, but in fact their personal safety is also not guaranteed, otherwise how could Zhu Yuanzhang kill the hero indiscriminately?

But later on, especially before Emperor Jiajing reiterated that "people who are not in military service and society shall not be awarded titles", the title system was no longer in accordance with the previous standards, but was often directly determined by the emperor's will, and even influenced by powerful ministers and eunuchs. ——For example, during the Zhengde years, Liu Jin controlled the government. Although the governor Shenying did not have the credit for opening up the land, he was directly named Wugong Bo because he had bribed Liu Jin and had a good relationship with Liu Jin.

In addition, the privilege of immunity from death has also been reduced. Especially after Jiajing, when the emperor issued the "Iron Coupon of Pill Book", the number of immunity from death was greatly reduced compared with the beginning of the country. Punishment - Avoidance of death is, in some cases, really just absolution of death.

But no matter what, the "Pill Book Iron Voucher" is still the "Pill Book Iron Voucher", and its effectiveness is still huge.

It doesn't matter if the general holds this thing in his hand. At most, he will put it on it when he is defeated, or take it out after an incident of corruption, plundering, etc., to ensure that his head will not move, and there is no other big use.

But if it is in the hands of the civil servants, it will make a big difference.Some privileges are usually written directly on the iron coupons of the Danshu, such as "except for the rebellion, if the rest is committed, you will not be punished once for yourself."

Most of the crimes committed by military generals are defeated, and they usually have little to do with the change of power in the imperial court, but what kind of serious crime can a civil servant commit that needs to be exonerated with a pill book iron coupon?It was almost nothing more than a change of power caused by political disputes.

In other words, if Gao Wushi got a piece of Danshu iron coupon, it would mean that even if Shen Shixing found an opportunity to get him down directly, the opportunity would be almost for nothing - just hand in the Danshu iron coupon.

It is already difficult to find Gao pragmatic for one chance. Shen Shixing has not seen the shadow until now, and he still expects to find him twice to kill him?So Zhang Cheng said, "If Yuan Fu wants to move him in the future, it will be a hundred times more difficult than it is now." This is by no means alarmist.

In the final analysis, the military generals are not those who are in power, and that is the case with the iron coupons in their hands; and the civil officials are in power, and holding the iron coupons in the Danshu is basically equivalent to an extra life, which is too difficult. (The above refers specifically to after the Jiajing Dynasty reaffirmed the privileges of Danshu iron coupons.)
It is precisely because of Jiajing's reiteration that when the Apocalypse Dynasty arrived, the nine thousand-year-old Wei Zhongxian, who covered the sky with only one hand, could only stare at the uncooperative people such as the British public.

Because its function is not only to avoid death, but also to become a unique symbol of power, making "rest with the country" truly a thought that everyone agrees with, forming a routine, possessing inertia, not only Just a slogan.

Faced with Zhang Cheng's straightforward words, Shen Shixing was silent for a moment, and finally made up his mind, saying: "The Northwest Rebellion has become a reality and cannot be undone. For today's plan, we can only do our best to prevent it from going smoothly. Noble ear. I wonder if there is a clever trick to teach me?"
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(End of this chapter)