Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 1331 The Nancha Disturbance ([-])
In the Ming Dynasty, the Beijing inspection was divided into the northern inspection and the southern inspection, and it was divided into two categories: self-censorship above the fourth grade and court inspection below the fifth grade.That is to say, for officials of different ranks, the methods of investigation are also different.Therefore, it was said at the time: "Ministers are different from junior ministers, and their origins have their own rules for advancing and retreating."

And this law is that "above the fourth rank and a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy should report on their own; the other officials of the fifth rank in the yamen hall and the officials below the fifth rank, according to the festivals, the headquarters will work with the Metropolitan Procuratorate and the officials of the yamen hall. Inspect, and play separately, please decide."

Officials above the fourth rank and Hanlin bachelors completed the Beijing inspection procedure by submitting a self-report to the emperor and waiting for the emperor's judgment; while officials below the fifth rank were jointly held by the Ministry of Officials and the Metropolitan Procuratorate. be inspected.

Yang Wei’s Beicha and Hai Rui’s Nancha are essentially “retire and leave inspections” of officials below the fifth rank of the chief secretaries (provinces) under the administration of the two Beijings. The reason why Wang Xijue is worried about Hai Rui is not Worried about what Hai Rui would do to him directly, but worried about being implicated.

I have said many times before that the officialdom in the Ming Dynasty was characterized by both teacher-student relationship and township party relationship, and even now there is factional relationship.Wang Xijue is one of the pillars of the Mind School, so it is normal for many disciples to be arranged in the yamen managed by Nanjing.

If a large number of Wang Xijue's disciples are deposed in the Jingcha, it will definitely attract the attention of the government and the public.And at this point, the Practical School will probably strike while the iron is hot and start violently impeaching Wang Xijue himself, and then things will get out of hand.

However, the inspection of officials below the fifth rank has always been complicated, and there are still many procedures to go through, so I won't go into details at this time.Let's talk about the most convenient "minister" Zichen, especially the first "battle" of the Dinghai Jingcha caused by the Beicha Zichen.

The so-called self-reporting means that "the officials of the two capitals will be inspected once every six years, and they will be ordered to self-report (resigned) if they are above the fourth grade. Those who are professional will be retained, and those who are ineffective will be dismissed."

All the officials' self-reports were "not to be reported by the subordinates, but to the superiors", that is, the officials directly submitted their self-reports to the emperor.

There is a certain order of self-reporting. The procuratorial officials self-report before the trial, in the order of "first the headquarters, then the main hall of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, then the left and right halls".And other officials usually make self-reports after the court trial is over, which is the so-called "self-report after inspection, first the cabinet, next to the second-rank officials in each yamen, second to third-rank, and second to fourth-rank".

But here it must be said that regulations are regulations, but in fact, since the Wanli period, some cabinet scholars and other ministers in the Ming Dynasty did not strictly follow the regulations of "self-report after inspection", but submitted self-reports before the inspection.

As in the original history of the Jingcha in February 21st year of Wanli, as early as the 23rd of the first lunar month, the cabinet minister Wang Xijue presented his self-Chen Shu.Another example is the Beijing inspection in February of the third year of Tianqi, and Ye Xianggao, a cabinet minister, submitted his self-Chen Shu as early as the eighth day of the first lunar month.

But this year is especially different. The Beijing inspection, which is usually held in February, was delayed until almost Mid-Autumn Festival due to the Northwest Rebellion and other incidents.

In the Ming Dynasty, the reason why the officials above the fourth rank and the academicians of the Hanlin Academy were ordered to be self-reported and selected from the upper class in the Jingcha was because the officials above the fourth rank were almost all officials of the nine ministers, big and small, and they could stand in the court at ordinary times. The emperor discussed government affairs face-to-face with the emperor, so the emperor had a preliminary understanding of all officials.

In addition, officials of the fourth rank and above who have already belonged to the body, in order to show respect for high officials, cannot be tried in the same room with middle and low-level officials below the fifth rank.The scholars of the Imperial Academy are themselves "selected by Tsinghua University", and "the official is a bachelor, and his job is to discuss and think", so he does not need to participate too much in the handling of government affairs; The emperor knows it, so there is no need to be inspected by the Ministry of Officials and the Metropolitan Procuratorate.

Of course, in fact, the self-reports of officials above the fourth rank and academicians are not always the same, but have been customized for a period of time.

There are no related records of officials' self-reports in Jingchao four years before Chenghua.It was only in the fourth year of Chenghua that there was a record of "Ministers of the Two Capitals Xuling from Chen Xiuzhi". Not stated.

"In February of the tenth year of Hongzhi, the Ministry of Officials inspected the officials in the capital. Please, together with the Metropolitan Procuratorate, inspect the officials below the fifth rank in the capital...then follow it. Also, the censor Zheng Weiheng and others played. If you want to test the ministers, please pass through the two capitals. Officials of the fourth rank and above are ordered to report themselves. The Shang said: "The officials of the two capitals do not need to report themselves."

It can be seen that until the tenth year of Hongzhi, the ministers were still outside the Jingcha, and since Chen was still not a fixed program of the Jingcha, even if the officials asked for it, the emperor would not accept it.It was not until the fourth year of Zhengde that there was a clear stipulation in the edict of Xingjingcha: "The order of officials above the fourth grade in the hall is self-reporting."Since then, officials of the fourth rank and above have been customized from Chen Fang in Jingchao.

Unlike the officials above the fourth rank who changed from not self-reporting to self-reporting according to the rules, the academicians of the Imperial Academy went through a process from being inspected officials to self-reporting officials.As early as the fourth year of Chenghua’s Beijing inspection, Ke Qian, who was in charge of the Hanlin Academy at that time, demanded that only the officials of the Academy be inspected with the cabinet on the grounds that the officials of the Academy had “no record of achievements to test”, and obtained constitutional approval. Zong approved, but this year's inspection, none of the officials of the Imperial Academy was demoted.

The 13th year of Chenghua also followed the old rule of the [-]th year of Chenghua.However, or because the results of the Beijing inspection hosted by the Imperial Academy in conjunction with the cabinet were not very obvious, the Ministry of Officials began to participate in the inspection of the officials of the Imperial Academy in the first year of Hongzhi.However, this move aroused objections from the academicians of the Imperial Academy. During the ten years of Hongzhi's Beijing inspection, Yang Shouzhi, an academician in charge of the Imperial Academy, sent a letter to Emperor Xiaozong:

Both the minister and Wang Jia, the scholar in charge of Zhan Shifu, should be inspected by the listening department.But the ministers and others have their own subordinates, and they will sit in the hall when they enter the examination of the Ministry of Officials;I was a bachelor of You and Fake, served a banquet in Qingcheng, attended the class of the fourth rank, drove to Linyong, sat in the Yilun hall, and regarded the third rank, this story also.If the four grades are not accepted for inspection, the bachelor should not be accepted either.Ministers and other positions lecture, read and write, whether they are in the holy mirror or not, there are those who need to be investigated.

Xiaozong felt that what he said was true, so he followed Yang Shouzhi's advice and adopted Yang Shouzhi's suggestion. Since then, "all officials to scholars will report themselves when they are inspected." "History of Ming Dynasty" also said: "Scholars don't study with them, they start by keeping their shame (site)".

Since the high-ranking officials are the first to present themselves this year, then follow the remaining rules, that is, the order of "the cabinet first, the second-rank officials in each yamen, the third-rank, and the fourth-rank". It's all the same: self-declaration.The emperor's reply was also very routine, all of which were "warm words of comfort, no resignation".

When the "Second Grade Hall Shangguan of each yamen" self-reported, Gao Wushi also made a self-report.

"Gao Wushi, Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, would like to play:
In order to self-report his incompetence, he begged to be dismissed in order to investigate the affairs of the court.The Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Officials.In order to follow the old rules, the headquarters strictly conducts inspections to encourage official affairs, and the inspections of the fourth rank and above by Beijing officials should be self-reported.

Because of the question, I asked Qinyi to consult with my ministers. Except for the officials in Beijing who were supposed to be inspected, and the Qin Zun Council to inspect the instruments, the ministers should report on their own.

The minister is an official of Xinzheng, Henan, and was recorded as a Jinshi in the eighth year of Wanli.It was first compiled and compiled for the Hanlin Academy, and it gained a lot of merit by being the main writer; because of the lack of care at the beginning, it was sent to Guangxi to patrol; They, captive Xin Ai, were promoted to the military preparations in southern Liaoning; they were promoted to the governor of Eastern Liaoning with the great victory in southern Liaoning; North Korea, changed to his present position.

It is not the first time that the subject has been met with personal interests. He is so lofty and powerful, and he doesn't know what to repay.Bi Zhi Sangyu, embracing Puzhong in vain, and contemptuous of short and long, he is like a scholar, and his faith is not worthy of receiving greatness.

Chen Li can't, so the banquet should be stopped.The magistrate is only in his twenties and fifty, and he is in charge of the state's wealth, and the world is suspicious.What the ancients sighed at all and didn't know what to do in the end, the negative will deepen day by day, it is to use great vigilance.

The minister is young, has little virtue, and has little talent and experience, so he is impeached when he is appointed for the first time.What Kuang Chen thinks and thinks is that today's wealth and taxes are all related to the farmers, which is not the original intention of the second ancestors, but paying more commercial taxes and ignoring the farmers' taxes is the right thing to do.This heart and thought cannot be broken easily, so it is difficult to be united with colleagues.

If the superiors cannot solve the worries of the sages, and the inferiors cannot get the forgiveness of their colleagues, then those who are more concerned today will not call them. Please start with the officials.

It is not uncommon for Fu Qichen to cut off the bestowal, so that China and foreign countries can know the rules and regulations of the Ming court, and they will not be punished.The minister has no responsibility to wait for the crime to come to an end. For this reason, He Chenlian, the special official who sent the official, heard the news and Fuhou's decree. "

This highly pragmatic "Self-Reporting and Not Working" is very typical in terms of format.

From the first sentence of Chen Shu, first report your name and official title, which is not much different from ordinary memorials, so I won’t repeat them.From the second sentence, it began to reveal the characteristics of Jingcha.

Taking Gao Yushi's article as an example, the second sentence is "Being self-reproached, begging to be dismissed to investigate the affairs of the court", this sentence begins to show differences according to the different identities of officials.

Because Gao Yushi himself was already a senior official of the Hubu Hall, he had the right to fill in the comments for the headquarters in the inspection code, so his memorial said that "begging for gifts and dismissal" was to re-examine the code—because if even the official in charge Yidu was demoted because of his self-report, which obviously can play a role in re-examining the code system.

Here he is different from the self-reporting of inadequacy of the previous cabinet ministers. The reason for the cabinet minister's "begging for dismissal" is usually written in the "Qingzheng Ben".

For example, Shen Shixing, the chief assistant of the cabinet, said in his self-report yesterday: "In order to comply with the law, I begged to be dismissed with the ability of the Qing government", Wang Xijue also said in the self-chen that "in order to comply with the law, I begged to be dismissed with the ability of the Qing government", Zhang Xueyan, Wu Dui, Wang Jiaping and others are also in the same case.

The reason for this is that the cabinet is "the place where politics is based", and the cabinet members must mention in their self-reports that they begged to be deposed because of their own incompetence. The role of the "Qing Dynasty Government Version".

Officials such as Gao Wushi, ministers, ministers, etc., "begged for gifts and dismissed" because of "strict inspection", "strict planning code", "public inspection" and so on.Because such officials are high officials in the imperial court, if the high officials are deposed, they can naturally achieve the purpose of motivating the small officials and imitating others.

The above is the regular pattern from the beginning of Chen Shu, but if there is a Jingcha held because of the new emperor's ascension to the throne, the beginning will be "begging for the dismissal of new political affairs with light", "new political affairs with strictness", etc., to highlight the reasons for The sense of renewal in Vientiane brought about by the ascension of the new emperor.

The next few sentences are to tell the reason from Chen Shu.

Because the Ming Dynasty had stricter regulations on Jingcha’s self-reporting, officials had to wait until the emperor’s imperial decree about Jingcha was issued before they could report themselves.Therefore, when Ye Xianggao was prime minister in the original history, he once said: "The officials, the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the ministers all wait for this decree and then dare to report themselves."

Therefore, after clarifying the purpose of the self-reporting officer, name and description, Gao Wushi began to explain the background of his self-reporting.

Since this year is the year of the regular Beijing inspection, Gao Yushi quoted the official speech and the emperor's imperial decree on holding the Beijing inspection in full. It was only after receiving the edict that he made his own statement, and there was no suspicion of presumptuousness.

If it is not a year of Beijing inspection, such as the Beijing inspection because of the new emperor's ascension to the throne, another "template" will be used for the explanation of self-Chen Yuanyuan.For example, the Jingcha in the first year of Longqing was established because of the new emperor's ascension to the throne. Gao Gong said at the beginning of Chen Shu: "In the edict of Fujian, the two capitals, the six departments, and other officials of the fourth rank and above are written by Chen. , taken from the superior judge, Qin this. Chen Gong respectfully obeys Chen Zhe".

The third step in self-reporting is to introduce relevant information about yourself in detail.Because all the officials, especially those far away in Nanjing, were not well known to the emperor, and some old ministers from previous dynasties had never even met the emperor, the emperor knew little about the situation of the officials.

The self-chen does not require several months of preparation in advance like the court trial, so the officials can only report to the emperor their native place, time of ascension and official resume in the self-chen Shu, so that the emperor has a preliminary understanding of himself. To understanding.But because the emperor was familiar enough with Gao Yushi, he "reported his resume" very simply, and he finished his seven or eight years of official career, which can be called legendary, in just a few sentences.

This is him, and when someone else has made so much credit, why don't they write a special book, lest the emperor forget?
After reporting your resume, the preparations for self-reporting have been completed.Officials can enter into the core content of the self-report according to their actual situation and their different political demands.

The core of self-reporting generally revolves around the sequence of "talking about kindness - talking about duty - complaining about infidelity - discussing meaning".

There is no exception to this high-practical routine. It first explains the emperor's "great kindness to himself, and no one knows how to repay it", and then talks about himself, "The minister is only twenty-five years old, and he is in charge of the country's wealth"; Immediately afterwards, he told himself that he was "young and virtuous, with little talent and experience, so he was impeached at the beginning of his appointment"; and then he made a self-report, saying that the significance of deposing himself was to "make the Chinese and foreign know the Ming court's rules and regulations, grasp the rules and escape punishment, and forge ahead." It is not uncommon for ministers to work." So far, the core content of Zichen has come to an end.

However, this high-practical self-statement has caused trouble.

The reason is not elsewhere, but that he clearly mentioned the current political situation in this autograph:

"What Kuang Chen thinks and thinks is that today all the wealth and taxes belong to the peasants, which is not the original intention of the second ancestors. Only paying commercial taxes and ignoring the peasants' taxes is what should be done by emphasizing the peasants. With this heart and mind, Breaking is not easy, so it is difficult to be united with colleagues.

If the superiors cannot solve the worries of the sages, and the inferiors cannot get the forgiveness of their colleagues, then those who are more concerned today will not call them. Please start with the officials. "

Good guy, you have stated your incompetence since you were not in office, but you want to link this "incompetence" with your administrative methods of insisting on collecting commercial taxes, and you also said that you can't get an agreement with your colleagues, so you ask the emperor to depose you ?
what does it mean?Are you blackmailing the emperor and making a choice between you and your "colleagues"?
Therefore, as soon as Chen Shu arrived at the General Administration Department, the officials of the Outer Court Mind School were in an uproar when they learned about it.
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PS: Civilian political disputes started from articles, which was a common occurrence in history at that time, but I am not sure if such "realism" would be "too deep", let's try the water.

(End of this chapter)