Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 1569: The Boots Landed (Part [-])
The label on Gao Pragmatism's head has long been that of radicals of practical learning reform, and there is one most basic question about reform, that is, what is the purpose or goal of reform.

It is obviously wrong to say that highly pragmatic reforms are aimed at "going to sea". Going to sea is a means and a process, but it is by no means the goal.

The goal of reform is only two words, and two words can form one word, namely: prosperity and strength.

Before the reform, Daming was actually rich and powerful to some extent: its wealth production capacity was second to none in the world, and its army of one million was still second to none in the world.

But this kind of prosperity is a kind of puffiness, and there are many manifestations in it.For example, the folks do have money, but the wealth is concentrated in the rich and powerful, and the gap between the rich and the poor in different regions of the country is very huge—in Suzhou, Liangjing and other cities, you can earn [-] taels to [-] taels of silver a month for just doing part-time jobs in cities such as Suzhou and Beijing. However, the vast majority of farmers in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan may have never touched what a "silver" is in their hands.

As for a powerful army, it depends on how you compare.In terms of scale, Da Ming is indeed invincible, but unfortunately, scale sometimes does not represent combat power.

Gao Wuji made an estimate about 20 years ago, during the Longqing period. He believed that at that time, the number of troops in the Ming Dynasty that barely had the field capability to fight abroad was no more than 20, and among them, no more than half of them were truly elite, that is, about [-]—almost all It is a servant or servant-style army.

Therefore, from this perspective, the so-called prosperity of Ming Dynasty is in the final analysis only based on the huge size of the country, and it is definitely not the prosperity and strength that Gao Pragmatically agrees with.To some extent, the huge volume and poor actual efficiency mean that the country's ability to transform basic national strength is too poor.

In other words, the imperial court had serious problems with the system, so Gao Pragmatism chose to reform the system.

The reforms are aimed at the current situation, and he relies on the dissatisfaction of the emperor and the court with the current situation, so that he can smoothly promote those reforms.However, only facing the present but not the future, this kind of restructuring is in the final analysis just brainstorming on the "end", not on the "essential".

What is this "book"?In other words, what is the future?For Daming, which was called the "infancy of capitalism" period by later generations, it was of course industrialization.

What is industrialization?It's not that he sent people to open a lot of mines, and built advanced ironworks, shipyards, etc. to be industrialized, that's too superficial and superficial.

The essence of industrialization is to establish a large-scale market, and then establish and develop an industrial ecology on this basis.Here, the word "ecology" needs to be especially emphasized, which means that these industries need to form a system and have close internal connections to form an organism.

However, to establish a large-scale market, in later generations, it requires expensive infrastructure construction, such as repairing railways and roads to reduce logistics costs.This is actually a huge "sunk cost" and the income is not high, so these are not things that private capital is willing to do.

With such strong financial resources as the highly pragmatic Jinghua, it is almost necessary to tighten his belt to build a Dingnan city. Wouldn't it be fatal to expect him to build a highway in this era?

As for the railway, there is not even a steam engine at the moment, and the production capacity of steel cannot reach that level. It is simply because the basic industry is not up to standard, so it is not necessary to mention it now.So at this time, Jinghua's external expansion and stronghold construction are all carried out by relying on the seaport. This is the reason-Gao Wushi can't afford such a huge "sunk cost".

According to the economic theory of later generations, to establish and develop an industrial ecology, it is necessary to enable the real industry to have profit space for the original accumulation of capital, and to obtain the ability to further develop through capital densification, which includes the accumulation of human, financial, and material resources. .

In later generations, it is also a huge expense to quickly establish an industrial ecology by introducing a complete set of technologies. Of course, this is generally not considered a sunk cost, because the input and output are still very considerable.After the founding of the Red Dynasty, the four economic crises from the teacher era to the beginning of the reform were basically related to this.

The situation Gao Yushi faced was slightly different from that time, because when the Red Dynasty was established, not only was the economy poor and white, but it also did not expand abroad—of course it did not meet that condition, so it was impossible to complete capital accumulation through the plundering model of European powers.

Fortunately, the situation faced by Gao Yushi is much better than at that time. He can use the technological advantages of the traversers to complete capital accumulation in China, and he can use his status and status advantages to combine with the previous capital accumulation to win over a group of old interest groups, and then form Heli began to expand outward.

However, the purpose of expansion, in terms of Europe, is only plunder, and in terms of high pragmatism, there is a higher demand. What he needs is not colonial expansion, but "establishment of bases".

This means that he cannot just plunder blindly. He must assimilate the local aborigines and use the "naturalized household registration system" to transform the aborigines into "Han people" who can serve as the basis for ruling.It also means that he needs to build the local area instead of just using the local area as a "single raw material production base".

Why did the vast majority of countries that became independent after World War II fail to complete industrialization in the end?Because their economic base is a "single raw material production base", which is not comprehensive, cannot form their own industrial system, and there is no such thing as an industrial chain.

All their production is actually arranged by Midi, and it is part of Midi's own world empire system. As long as Midi is dissatisfied with their performance, or when it is time to cut leeks, Midi can It's easy to get their throats stuck, and they can only be slaughtered.

The reason why Hongchao was able to get rid of this most tragic situation was because Hongchao almost became an orphan in the world after the war known as the Battle of the Founding of the Nation, but it just persisted and did not collapse. "De-attachment" and formed its own complete and independent industrial system.

As for Mao Xiong's collapse later, Hong Chao used great strategic wisdom to keep a low profile...

But that model obviously doesn't last long, so ten years later... everybody knows.

The situation that Gao Wushi faced was also much better than that of Hongchao at that time. At least he didn't have to face a real dominant opponent, and he didn't have to make compromises because he couldn't challenge for the time being.Behind him, Daming still has the largest body in the world, and he can also use this body to a large extent.

However, due to worries about the politics of Ming Dynasty, it is difficult for him to fully integrate his power with Ming Dynasty wholeheartedly. He needs to have his own more independent power, so the concept of "Southern Xinjiang" appeared.

The emergence of the concept of Southern Xinjiang does not mean that Gao Yushi thinks that Southern Xinjiang has been able to be independent of the Ming system, not to mention that there is no substitute for such a huge market as Ming Dynasty. He would never accept any "gift to the country" right now, and go to be the Dingnan Protectorate.

Fortunately, the emperor didn't really plan to do this now, so after the emperor and the cabinet reached a compromise, Gao Yushi was relieved.You must know that Jinghua's rule in southern Xinjiang seems to be stable now, but it is not only Jinghua's own force that is at work. The Ming Dynasty's "Millions of Heavenly Soldiers" itself is a powerful deterrent to the countries in southern Xinjiang.

The original Ming Dynasty did not interfere in the affairs of the countries in southern Xinjiang. If it really intervened, which country would think that it could really resist it?Therefore, although Jinghua's current rule cannot be said to be a fake tiger's power, it is true to use power to bully others.

However, the emperor's action also reminded Gao Wushi. He felt that since the emperor and the queen mother had already paid attention to him, and he would inevitably be remembered by officials of other factions in the court, it seemed that it was impossible to continue to expand force for the time being.Even if you want to expand, you can only find another way.

He discussed with Huang Zhiting, Liu Xin, and Gao Mo, and all three of them made some suggestions.

Huang Zhiting's proposal is a bit interesting. She thinks that local militias can be formed to suppress bandits. The ruling systems of the countries in southern Xinjiang are mostly learned from Chinese dynasties, and they are also in the style of "imperial power does not descend to the county", so folk wealthy and tribal bandits are quite common.

Therefore, Huang Zhiting suggested that by selecting militiamen and dispatching them as the main force to suppress bandits, we can achieve the best of both worlds.Doing so can not only strengthen Jinghua’s rule over various places, allowing the ruling power to penetrate into the roots of the countries in southern Xinjiang, but also cultivate advanced elements in these small-scale wars, allowing them to obtain the status of "naturalized Han people" and strengthening the basic base of ruling power.

Liu Xin may have already considered that Huang Zhiting's proposal would be biased towards the military aspect, so her proposal is biased towards the political and economic level. She has three suggestions:

The first is to use the emperor's power to release the news that the emperor "almost" appointed Gao Yushi as the Dingnan Governor, so that the countries in southern Xinjiang will have such a psychological preparation.Then Jinghua quietly started to establish a unified administrative system in southern Xinjiang - the name can be set smaller, but the real power needs to be laid out. In the future, if the emperor is really canonized, Nanjiang can directly become the Dingnan Protectorate without any delay.

Next comes the construction task.Since sooner or later in the future, it will become "Dingnan Protectorate", that is to say, "Southern Xinjiang Integration", so it can also be deployed in advance.

For example, the chaotic road system among countries in southern Xinjiang can be planned in a unified way to build a suitable road traffic network.

Both she and Gao Wushi grew up under the red flag. Of course, she knew the truth that roads should be built before getting rich. In addition, she was born as a general in this life, and she had personally led troops to fight in southern Xinjiang. She was very concerned about the situation in southern Xinjiang. Familiar with them, they quickly planned several "backbone road networks" on the map for the reference of the highly pragmatic couple.

Gao Wushi asked her what to do with the funds, and she even proposed a plan that was unimaginable at first glance, but amazing on closer inspection. She said: "Why does Jinghua pay for the construction by itself? Isn't road construction a proof of submission and proof of Is it a kind of vote for naturalization that I yearn for?
In my opinion, those big and small forces that take refuge in us can get things like 'naturalization points' through road construction.As long as they pass the inspection and acceptance of our Jinghua Infrastructure, we will record points for them, and after accumulating a certain number of points, they can obtain the qualification of naturalized Han Chinese according to the standard. "

Gao Yushi's eyes lit up, but he quickly thought of a question and asked, "However, the naturalized Han people a family needs are always limited. For example, a local nobleman may only need a few or dozens of members of his own family to obtain There is no need for the serfs under his command to qualify as naturalized Han people. This will not require too many 'naturalization points', so he naturally does not need to build too long a road."

Liu Xin said: "This is not the case. Under the naturalized household registration system, the taxation of various countries in southern Xinjiang is not an unlimited reduction in the proportion of households. We can adjust many levels. For example, if the head of the household is a naturalized Han, the tax reduction is 5 ( 1%), and if there are [-] serfs in his family, they can obtain the status of naturalized Han Chinese—of course, naturalized Han Chinese cannot be slaves, they must at least be promoted to tenant farmers—at this time, based on the proportion of the [-] naturalized Han Chinese tenant farmers, Give another one hundred ([-]%) reduction to his family, so would this noble householder not be happy?"

This is really a good idea, Gao Wushi agreed immediately.However, Gao Yushi also proposed a supplement, that is, the proportion of "naturalized Han tenants" required for this proportional reduction must be incremental, such as an additional reduction of 1%-5%, based on 100 households, to 6% At the level of -10%, it is necessary to increase the size to 200 or even 300 households.

At the same time, two restrictions were added: one is that the maximum reduction rate is 15% of the land tax, and the commercial tax is another, which is not included; the second is that the household registration of Han tenant farmers can be changed freely, that is to say, tenant farmers can leave on their own. For the former head of the household, the head of the household will not enjoy the reduction and exemption effect brought by the tenant in the next year after leaving.As for the specific method of voluntary separation, Nanjiang will formulate guidance.

Liu Xin's third suggestion is to restructure the economic structure of southern Xinjiang, especially the structure of "emerging industries"—that is, the ones Gao Yu implemented in Daming.According to Liu Xin, since sooner or later it will be self-contained, it should be built in advance now, and it can't always rely on the mainland of Ming Dynasty.

Not only that, she also suggested that Gao should think about it pragmatically and ask Jinghua Porcelain to send people to inspect various places in southern Xinjiang to see where there are high-quality kaolin suitable for porcelain bases and establish its own porcelain industry in southern Xinjiang.The same is true for textiles. Let's see if we can set up a "sub-center" in southern Xinjiang outside of Daming.

However, for the time being, Gao Wushi only accepted the first half of this series of suggestions, and the second half is the porcelain and silk part. Gao Wushi said that he still needs to consider it carefully, but he agreed with the part of establishing cotton and linen textile bases.

When Gao Mo made a suggestion, he said that Madam mentioned that Portugal might be forced to hand over the city of Malacca. Once this matter is really successful, Nanjiang may be able to use Ming's original influence in Nanyang to enter Nanyang without using force. The archipelago, not to mention the immediate and full occupation, at least a few bridgeheads can be obtained first.

This idea is highly pragmatic and he appreciates it. He himself has thought about this approach before, but at present, due to the rapid expansion of Jinghua, he couldn't think of a suitable general to lead the strategy of the Nanyang Islands, so he didn't take the initiative to propose it.

Gao Mo has a suggestion at this time. He believes that the early strategy of the Taiwan strategy has basically been completed, and the next step is basically a construction task, so the fourth master (Gao Wujian) can be transferred to the south to be in charge of the strategy of Nanyang - Nanyang and Taiwan There are quite similarities, and the relevant experience of fourth master can just play a role.
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(End of this chapter)