Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 1682 Cutting Yuan (Thirty-six) Only One Plan

"It's been half a day, what's the Ming army doing in the afternoon?" Buyan Taiji, who ordered the people below to set up tents for the night, hurried to Brihatu and asked about the latest situation.

Brihatu was contemplating in front of the map at the moment, but he didn't care about someone breaking in. After all, this army is mainly Buyan Taiji's headquarters, and no one else would dare to break in directly except this Huang Taiji his camp.

But Burihatu didn't reply immediately, but waved without looking back, saying: "Huang Taiji came just in time, let's look at this map of the Ming army...it's really fine."

Buyantaiji stepped forward in some surprise, took a look, and quickly compared the surrounding situation, pondered: "Could it be that this map was collected from the corpses of the Ming army at night? It's fine, it's just the area. Smaller."

"Small dots are natural." Brihatu didn't take it seriously, and explained: "The Ming army has a map of a wide area, which is as detailed and accurate as this one. got it.

As for this map, it is obvious that the Ming army deliberately took only a small part of the big map, that is, the area that Yebushou might investigate. This was done to prevent the map from falling into our Mongolian hands.By the way, does Huang Taiji know who made these pictures? "

"Could it be that Grand Master Gao too? This guy is really good at everything, it's annoying." Bu Yantaiji frowned immediately.

"It's not important whether Gao Rixin made it himself, but as far as I know, the new map of the Ming army was provided by Jinghua. It can be regarded as the culmination of thousands of years of experience in map drawing by the Han people. It is really amazing." Brihatu Thumbs up.

Buyantaiji curled his lips: "Drawing a map is nothing more than thousands of years of success. It is nothing more than sending more people to do it."

Although Brihatu didn't look back, he sighed softly, hesitated to speak, and endured it.After a while, he regained his composure and said: "Smartness may be born, but wisdom needs to be passed down."

Buyantaiji thought of the meaning of Burihatu being sent by his father Khan to his side, so he had to lower his figure, and said: "Then what's the point of this Mingren's Kanyu map?"

"When did the Han people learn to draw geomancy maps? I haven't studied this point in detail, but there is a record in "Historical Records Xia Benji": "Left guideline, right rule, at four o'clock to open Kyushu, pass through nine roads, Pei Jiuze, Du Jiushan'. It can be seen that as far back as the Xia Dynasty, the ancestors of the Han people already knew how to use yardsticks and rules to survey and map terrain."

Buyan Taiji was silent for a while, and couldn't help but said: "It's just a good ancestor." After thinking about it, he felt that it was not right to say this in his mouth, and he himself was only because of a good ancestor. What is your current status?So he coughed again and said nothing more.

Brihatu is also a descendant of the Jin family, so he pretended not to hear what he said just now, but said: "The book "Historical Records" is sometimes too mysterious, and it records that the Xia Dynasty measured mountains and rivers. You can believe it. However, the standard, rope, rule, and moment mentioned in this sentence are indeed the four tools used by the Han people to measure mountains and rivers at that time."

Buyantaiji didn't think much of it, and said "oh" out of necessity, indicating that he heard it.

Brihatu didn't care about it, and continued: "The matter of Xia Shi is too mysterious, and it is difficult to distinguish the truth from the false, so let's not talk about it. There are a lot of documents that can prove that the Han people drew maps and records, and they can be found in the records of the Warring States Period.

For example, it is said in "Zhou Li·Diguan Situ": The position of the great Situ is to control the land map of the state and the number of its people, and to assist the king to disturb the state.With the map of the world's land, we know the number of Kyushu's regions and broad rounds, and identify its mountains, forests, rivers, hills, and graves from the original Xie. "

Brihatu was originally talking about the map, but Buyantaiji reacted greatly this time. Hearing the words, he changed his face and said, "Lord official, Da Situ? Isn't that exactly Gao Rixin's job at the moment? I will It is said that this picture is so different from the ones seen in the past, it is indeed made by this person. Hmph, it is different."

Burihatu said indifferently: "Instead of being unconventional, I think it's better to introduce the old and bring forth the new and form a family of its own." But before Buyan Taiji could say anything else, he waved his hand and said, "Let's not talk about this first, let me put the map of the Han people in the The previous development of Gao Rixin is over."

Buyantaiji could only give a muffled "hmm".

"From what I said just now, we can see that the Han people already had a certain understanding of the importance of the map during the Zhou Dynasty, and assigned it to an important responsibility of Da Situ." Brihatu said: "However, when it comes to the method of drawing maps, Let’s talk about a person first, this person is called Pei Xiu.”

"Oh..." Buyantaiji thought for a while, but quickly gave up, shaking his head and said, "I haven't heard of it."

"It's okay, I'll explain it for Huang Taiji." Of course, Brihatu knew that it was impossible to know this person with Buyan Taiji's level, so he quickly explained to Huang Taiji.

The Pei Xiu he was talking about was active in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a native of Hedong, and the son of Pei Qian.Almost everyone who has read Romance of the Three Kingdoms knows him.This person was originally a willful young man who indulged and loved freedom all his life, and really indulged and loved freedom... Well, the kind of celebrity with a strong character in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, he understands everything.

Later, he, Jia Chong, and Xun Yi were active as Sima's troika at that time. The most impressive thing he did was after Cao Mao died, he proposed to welcome Cao Huan.

In fact, when he was a teenager... well, Pei Xiu was a bit like a keyboard warrior, and he liked to express opinions on current affairs.At that time, there were guests at home, and for his father's sake, he would listen to Pei Xiu's high-spirited talk.

But then something happened that made Pei Xiu, who knew nothing about mechanical design, to spray the catapult designed by Ma Jun.Ma Jun, a technical tycoon, is a typical engineering man. He can do things but is not good at debating, so he doesn't pay much attention to him.

Of course, although Pei Xiu is rather defiant and likes to express opinions, he is an extremely conceited troll, but there is another reason why he dares to do this besides his good background, that is, he has a really high IQ.

In the fourth year of Taishi, Pei Xiu served as Sikong of the Western Jin Dynasty; in the seventh year of Taishi, Pei Xiu drank cold wine after drinking a large bag of five stone powder, and made herself alive to death.However, this is not the point. The point is that there were only three short years between his tenure as Sikong and his "death".However, in just three years, Pei Xiu became one of the most important cartographic experts and geographers in the history of China.

Why is it concluded that he only spent three years?Because Pei Xiu's previous work had nothing to do with drawing.There was an opportunity to get in touch with cartography in front of him, only during the few years when he worked as a small staff officer for Sima Zhao, and most of the time he was by Sima Zhao's side helping and harming others.

However, to introduce Pei Xiu's achievements and contributions, it is necessary to introduce the tools used by ancient Chinese to draw maps.Including the four mentioned by Brihatu just now, there are several kinds of map drawing tools that can be determined: gauge, moment, guide, rope, watch; pole, compass, telescope, and pole; Ligu car, measuring scooter.

The ancients basically relied on these eleven tools for surveying and mapping terrain. Among them, the compass, telescope and watch were used to measure directions, and the remaining eight had different functions.

Of course, it is well known that the compass was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty, so it didn't exist in Pei Xiu's time. They used the relatively more primitive Sinan and the site.

What is the territory?It is a stone slab with four dimensions, eight stems, twelve branches, and 24 directions.Then there is a spoon-shaped magnet called Si Nan, put it on it, and then...then just hit it.Draw it until it spins and stops, and the direction it points to is south.

This sounds familiar, right?People of later generations have basically seen it in science and education programs.But in fact, this thing has too much friction, and there are errors, and the errors are quite large, so it was replaced after the compass appeared.

By the way, among the eleven tools mentioned above, one was not invented until the Ming Dynasty, that is, the last measuring step car, which is another design combined with a rope ruler.To put it simply, you can walk forward with this car, and you can record how far you have traveled more accurately.

Digging away, back to brother Pei Xiu just mentioned, what specific contribution did he make?What qualifications do you have to become one of the most important cartographic experts in China in three years?

The first achievement of this old man is that he drew [-] chapters of the "Map of Yugong Area" based on "Yugong"; body".

Eighteen chapters of "Yugong Territory Map" have all been lost and are no longer visible.However, the content of the six-body cartography can still be found in the literature.Pei Xiu standardized map making for the first time, providing a very reliable theoretical basis for latecomers.And his theory basically covers all the elements that need to be considered in map making, and there are traces to follow in map making since then.What's even more commendable is that these theories are all summed up and explored by Pei Xiu himself in practice, so they are extremely reliable.

The biography of Pei Xiu in "Book of Jin. Biography Fifth" has a long ancient description of the above content, and you probably don't bother to read it, so I won't quote it here.In short, the general meaning is that there are six key points in drawing a map, namely, the score, the accuracy, the distance, the height, the squareness, and the straightness.

Translating it a little bit in modern Chinese, there are six principles in cartography: the first is the ratio, which is used to distinguish distance and area; the second is accuracy, which is used to determine the relationship between features; Daoli is used to measure the mileage of the road; the fourth is high and low, the fifth is Fangxie, and the sixth is roundabout.The latter three need to be adapted to local conditions, mainly used to correct whether the terrain is dangerous, and can be clearly distinguished on the map.

However, although the above-mentioned things were of great significance at the time and were extremely advanced, they were not perfect and still had flaws, the most obvious of which was that they did not involve the relationship between latitude and longitude.

This is related to the Chinese people's cartographic thinking. One of the characteristics of ancient Chinese maps is that the closer to the center, the more accurate the drawing, and the farther the place, the more prone to errors.

why?Because the cultural center of China was always inland at that time, away from the sea, the ancient Chinese did not have the concept of terrain curvature.Originally, this point would not be improved until Matteo Ricci came to China and introduced European mathematical theories.

But now that Daming has Gao Pragmatism, everything is different.It was no longer improved because of the arrival of Matteo Ricci, but Gao Yushi took Jinghua as the starting point, and Jinghua Trading Co., Ltd. in charge of land commerce and the two ocean fleets in charge of sea trade jointly cooperated to directly improve it.

Jinghua’s map not only clarifies the rules of “up north, down south, left west, right east” familiar to later generations, but also creates such marking systems as “contour lines” and “latitude and longitude”, and even strengthens the stricter scale to avoid There are some problems with ancient Chinese maps in the past, such as cities appearing too big in the maps, and the proportions are completely distorted.

However, although Brihatu explained patiently, Buyantaiji obviously didn't appreciate it very much. He frowned and asked: "The map is drawn better. What a great feat... With all due respect, as long as Mongolia rises up again one day and defeats Ming, aren't these things all ours? They can draw pictures, so let them draw them for us, why be envious. "

Brihatu shook his head, feeling a little disappointed in his heart.Compared with Tumen Khan, Buyantaiji is still too naive, or it is too simple to see the problem.

Tumen Khan has clearly discovered the importance of learning during these years and his confrontation with Gao Pragmatism, and he has also begun to support his own reforms based on certain practices of Ming Dynasty.However, Buyantaiji's mind is still stuck in more than 200 years ago, thinking that the fast horse and sharp arrow can make the Ming people submit, and then rule them, and use their knowledge for their own use.

Now, only Da Khan knows about his big plan in the whole Chahar and has expressed his approval, but if Buyantaiji cannot be persuaded... Once Da Khan's body can't hold on, can the plan continue?
As the assistant minister appointed by the Great Khan to Buyan Taiji, although Buri Hatu was a little disappointed, he could only be persuasive and persuasive, so he suppressed his thoughts and asked, "Huang Taiji, what has changed in the past twenty years in the Ming Dynasty?" You can also see it, in what areas do you think they have made progress?"

"What's the progress? I think it's mainly because of Gao Rixin's good financial management, so now they can organize the army. Now the towns on the nine borders have taken on a new look in terms of weapons and equipment, and the morale of the army has also been guaranteed because of sufficient food and wages, so it has changed. It's a bad fight."

When Buyantaiji said this, he couldn't help sighing, and said: "Sometimes I always think, how about we train some dead soldiers and send them to Mingjing to lie dormant, and one day find a chance to kill Gao Rixin, Things might turn around.”

Brihatu didn't bother with the second half of the sentence, but said: "To tell the truth, Huang Taiji, I also thought that the root cause of the changes in the Ming Dynasty was Gao Rixin's good fortune."

"Really?" Buyantaiji was a little happy, but immediately thought that there seemed to be some problems with these words.What is "before", don't you see it that way now?
If Brihatu could detect people's hearts, he continued, "That's right, my thoughts have changed a bit recently. I think the changes in the Ming Dynasty are not just Gao Rixin's good financial management, but his great knowledge and great wisdom."

He finally turned around, looked at Buyantaiji seriously and said: "He is trying to change the old theory that Ming people value virtue and not weapons, set an example, promote the innovation of utensils with knowledge, and make the Ming country comprehensively improve in all directions .”

Buyantaiji frowned, and asked with obvious disbelief: "Is it so mysterious?"

"In the north of the Ming Dynasty, there are now cold-resistant rice, tussah silk, coal kang, and corn, and there are new methods of iron smelting, drawing, firearms, military formations, and carriages; in the south, there are sweet potatoes and new methods. The methods of shipbuilding, sugar, weaving, and papermaking. Looking at the Ming Dynasty, what new things like soap and cement are there. Where did the above come from?

I think all these things come from knowledge.Although Gao Rixin was very knowledgeable, I thought that he was not the only one who did all the above, so I investigated carefully and finally found something. "

"What discovery?" Buyantaiji asked immediately.

"Jinghua Craftsman School." Burihatu sighed: "Many new things in Jinghua come from this school, so even if we really killed Gao Rixin with dead soldiers, as long as his craftsman school is still there, the Ming Dynasty will be in great power." It won't be overwhelmed.

What's more... Huang Taiji thought I hadn't considered killing Gao Rixin?I've thought about it, I've tried, but I just can't figure it out.There are a group of servants around him who are responsible for his security. According to the investigation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Jinghua is responsible for the management.The head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is called Gao Mo, who has been with Gao Rixin for more than [-] years. He can neither be bribed nor intimidated. "

"Government is just looking at a map and thinking about it. Would it be a bit of a fuss? It's just a craftsman school, how can it be so capable?" Buyan Taiji originally wanted to say that Buri Hatu was a man of his ambition , to destroy his prestige, but considering that offending him is not enough, he had to change the word.

Brihatu said: "In the past, when we went west in Mongolia, if we hadn't captured a large number of craftsmen in Khwarazmo and other places, would there be return artillery?"

With just this one word, Buyantaiji was speechless when asked.The return cannon played a huge role in the Mongols' conquest, and Central Asian and Arab craftsmen not only brought the return cannon to the Mongols, many technologies have played a role in fueling the expansion of the Mongols, but this is pride Buyyantaiji, who was once glorious in Mongolia, knew it well, so it is impossible to refute it.

Since he couldn't refute this, he naturally couldn't refute the core point of "knowledge brings progress" mentioned by Brihatu earlier, so he had to keep silent, and even started to think in silence.

Seeing that the time was basically ripe, Brihatu said again: "Gao Rixin has great knowledge, great wisdom, and such an accurate map in his hands. There must be arrangements...he is probably not in a hurry to clear the siege for naturalization, but hopes that I, Chahar, will concentrate our forces and take the initiative to meet him along the way."

"The ruling is saying that this is Gao Rixin's treacherous scheme, and he really wants to use himself as a bait to gather and annihilate our army?" Although Buyan Taiji has limited other awareness, he still seems to have some sense in the military, at least he can listen to it after reminding him. understand the meaning.

Burihatu nodded heavily, and said: "Gao Rixin can't tolerate us in the northern border of the Ming Dynasty. This is obvious. Even if the Ming army has not been found three hundred miles away, I am still sure that as long as our army attacks its troops , there must be at least ten thousand Ming troops around, and they will rush over immediately, trying to encircle and suppress our army in the vicinity of Tumed Guihua."

Buyan Taiji was annoyed: "If you fight and you can't fight, if you go and you can't go, what should you do now?"

Brihatu said in a deep voice: "There is only one plan: as he wishes, fake a fight to create opportunities for 'going'."
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(End of this chapter)