Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 1904 Returning to Japan ([-]) It is difficult not to levy
Go to Hanyang?Hanyang must be going, but the matter at hand is still a little bit unfinished, and it seems a little early to go to Hanyang now.

If he wanted to go to Hanyang, Gao Wushi thought it should be after he completely recovered the Korean peninsula.At that time, he will take the great achievements of life and death, and with the power of defeating the Japanese pirates, he will come to Hanyang in the posture of a god descending.

At that time, no matter what decision he made, no one in the North Korean court would dare to question it, and no one would dare to disobey it, so as to truly achieve the respect and authority of the legendary "Heaven's constitution in his mouth, and the law in his words".

Therefore, it is not possible to go now; however, it is necessary to "be able to go" as soon as possible.

In this way, the Battle of Busan should be accelerated and cannot be delayed any longer—even if the safest plan that has been prepared before is abandoned, it is not hesitating to change to a storm plan that may increase the battle damage.

After all, war is a continuation of politics, not the other way around.For a more grand political purpose, the means of warfare need to be adjusted in real time and fully adapted.

But at this point, Gao Yushi must prepare for another thing in advance, which is to attack the Japanese mainland.

Gao Yushi knew that with the current strength of Ming Dynasty, not even the Ming Dynasty court, but only the strength of the Maritime Trade Alliance, the biggest problem in attacking the Japanese mainland was not how to fight the war, but how to fight the war.

The trouble here still lies in Zhu Yuanzhang's "Nation Without Conquest", which is a big trouble related to the basic thinking of the Ming court's foreign affairs.

The Hongwu Dynasty was the foundational period of the Ming Dynasty's diplomacy. People's understanding of China, the surrounding area and the world in the early Ming Dynasty directly affected the emergence and development of Sino-foreign relations in the Ming Dynasty.

The emergence and development of the foreign relations of the Ming Dynasty depended on many necessary conditions, the most important of which was the great turmoil, major reorganization and international order urgently needed to be rebuilt after the collapse of the Mongol and Yuan Empires.

On the one hand, it is the continuation of history and the inheritance of the system. On the other hand, there are also the choices and developments of the Ming Dynasty people themselves, which have a great influence on future generations.

Even in the original history of the Ming Dynasty, there were nearly 300 years. Except for conquering Annan during the Yongle period and withdrawing from it during the Xuande period, there were basically no conquests abroad.

This is enough to show that the foreign relations of the Ming Dynasty, which was established in the Hongwu Dynasty and characterized by "non-expropriation", is unprecedented in Chinese history. .

In the sixth year of Hongwu, "Zu Xun Lu" was completed.In May, Taizu personally wrote a preface, mentioning the process of compiling the "Zu Xun Lu" "established as the family law":

"...As for enlightening future generations, it was rewritten as the first edition of "Zu Xun Lu", which was established as the family law. The big book was published in the west verandah, and it was read day and night, in order to make it right. The first and last six years, all the seven manuscripts, have not been copied until now. Sure, isn't it difficult...

Today, the Ministry of Rites is ordered to publish it as a book to pass it on forever.All my children and grandchildren, honoring my orders, are not clever enough to mess with my established law, and a single word cannot be changed. "

Here, "the first and last six years, every seven manuscripts, until now have been finalized", which shows that the content of it has been deliberated after the founding of the Ming Dynasty, and it took six years to determine. , and cannot be changed from now on.

That is to say, by the sixth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang believed that the diplomatic thinking of the Ming Dynasty had fully matured, and foreign relations were established from this, and was published in a book to pass it on forever—as often mentioned in the previous chapters of this book, Zhu Yuanzhang’s biggest problem was The reason is that he doesn't seem to think that society is developed at all.

In the first chapter of the "Ancestral Precepts", "Proverbs", the content of diplomacy is as follows:

"All overseas barbarian countries, such as Annan, Zhancheng, Koryo, Siam, Liuqiu, Xiyang, Dongyang, and Nanman small countries, are limited to mountains and seas, and are secluded in a corner. The land is not enough to supply, and the people are not enough to support them. Ling, if he scratches my side without thinking, it will be ominous; he is not a trouble for China, and it is also ominous for me to raise troops and attack lightly.

I am afraid that future generations will depend on the prosperity of China, be greedy for a moment's military exploits, raise troops for no reason, and injure lives.However, Hu Rong is approaching the northwest of China, and the world is a border trouble, so it is necessary to select generals to train troops, and be prepared at all times. "

Diplomatic thought has a gradual process of formation. Before the book was published in the sixth year of Hongwu, Taizu publicly announced his views on diplomacy at Fengtianmen in the fourth year of Hongwu, which can be regarded as the earliest time for the formation of his diplomatic thought.

In September of the fourth year of Hongwu, Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang convened his officials at Fengtianmen and solemnly expounded the general outline of his foreign policy:
"Overseas barbarian countries, if you have a problem with China, you must discuss it; if you are not a patient of China, you must not raise your own troops. The ancients said that a large land is not a plan for long-term security, and the labor of the people is the source of chaos... The lack of land is not enough It is not enough to get the people to make orders by supplying them. They only admire the false name, defraud the middle land, and record it in the annals of history, which will be ridiculed by later generations.

I block the mountains and seas with various small barbarian countries, secluded in a corner.He is not a Chinese patient, and I will never cut him down.However, Hu Rong in the northwest is a trouble for China in the world, so we must be careful.You should remember what you said and know what I mean. "

The Ming Dynasty generally issued edicts at Fengtianmen, and the "officials" here may include foreign envoys.What is important is that this is the first comprehensive discussion of Ming Taizu's foreign policy, which fully reflects Ming Taizu's realistic diplomatic thinking.

In fact, compared with the "Ancestral Precepts" published later, the main part here is the ancient saying: "A large land is not a plan for long-term security, and the labor of the people is the source of chaos." continue.

First of all, his foreign policy for the dynasty is "those who do harm to China must be punished", showing a firm stance on safeguarding national security.However, the tone of foreign policy is peaceful: "Don't raise your own troops." Here, the standard for raising troops and conscripts is clearly stated, which is "those who cause trouble to China."

Secondly, he quoted the words of the ancients to explain that he has no ambition to expand the territory, and believes that external expansion is not conducive to the long-term stability of the country, and it will cause disasters due to the labor of the people. "Owning the land is not enough to supply, and getting the people is not enough to make orders", while "only admiring the false name, detrimental to the middle land, recorded in the annals of history, and ridiculed by later generations" clearly expresses contempt for the expansion of the expedition.

In the end, Taizu divided the target into two, and once again mentioned the basic policy of "if he is not a Chinese patient, I will never cut him down" for overseas countries.

However, after announcing the important choice of foreign policy, he also stated that Mongolia in the northwest is the confidant's trouble, and he must be cautious.Directly explain that the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty going north are regarded as a major concern of the new dynasty, and the northern land is the focus of the dynasty's military defense.

In the evening of Sangyu, Taizu published the further revised "Emperor Ming Zu Xun" in the 28th year of Hongwu, and listed the foreign relations in the "First Chapter of Zu Xun". It is one of the basic national policies that must be followed by the descendants of the dynasty, and it is preserved in the form of a constitution.

In order to let future generations know the countries that will not be at war with each other for generations, which is what Ming Taizu said "do not conquer the barbarians", he listed their names one by one in the "Emperor Ming Zu Xun" according to their location.

Fifteen countries have been mentioned before, so I won’t list them anymore, but the most striking thing here is that even though Japan, which was not mentioned at all in the "Ancestral Precepts", although it was clearly listed as the severance of diplomatic relations at that time, it was not mentioned at all. Excluded, also included in the scope of non-expropriation.

This undoubtedly shows that the Ming Dynasty adopted an attitude of "no levy" towards foreign countries, regardless of whether they established tributary relations or not, and whether they were friends or enemies.This cannot but make people have a deep impression on the peaceful concept of foreign relations characterized by "no conquest" in the early Ming Dynasty.

Later generations are like this, Ming people can only make it worse.

However, although Zhu Yuanzhang's subjective consciousness is very beautiful, the development in reality is not so smooth. Annan and Goryeo (the predecessor of the Joseon Dynasty Li Dynasty) had problems one after another, and they all had fierce conflicts with Daming.

However, the problems between these two countries and Ming Dynasty at that time have already been mentioned in the previous article of this book, so I will skip it here, and directly talk about the third country with problems, which is the current Gao Pragmatism believes that due to the restrictions of the "country without conquest" Japan is the most troublesome for him.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty’s exchanges with Japan, the initial experience was the same as that of other countries, that is, the Ming Dynasty established relations with the “Siyi Kingdoms” through diplomatic documents.However, the interaction with Japan is different from other countries in two points:

One is historical, that is, the shadow of the failure of the Yuan Dynasty to send troops to conquer Japan persists;

After Zhao Zhi, the Tongzhi of Laizhou Prefecture, went to Japan in the fourth year of Hongwu, according to "Ming Shilu", it appeared that "the king of Japan, Lianghuai, sent his ministers, monks and ancestors, to come to the court to pay tribute to horses and square objects, and nine monks came to court. , and sent back more than [-] captive men and women in Mingzhou and Taizhou", this is the result of Ming Dynasty diplomacy.

Therefore, in May of the fifth year of Hongwu, Taizu took Zhong Youzuchan, a monk from Tianning Temple in Mingzhou, and Wuyi Keqin, a monk from Waguan Temple in Nanjing, as envoys, and the Japanese monk Chun Ting Haishou who studied in the Ming Dynasty and the Tibetan monk in Zhongzhu Temple in Hangzhou were sent as envoys. Sovereign Zhong Xun acted as a general manager and escorted the envoys back to the country and went to Japan.

Not only this time, but several times before and after Ming envoys went to Japan, mainly talking about pirate intrusion.But at that time Japan was in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Ming Dynasty contacted the Lianghuai of the Southern Dynasty, who was actually powerless to solve the pirate problem.

In the ninth year of Hongwu, "Ming Shilu" recorded: "The Japanese King Lianghuai sent Samana Keitingyong and others to present tribute horses and square objects." He is obsessed with the issue of Japanese pirates' invasion at sea.

Since Zu Chan and Keqin returned from their missions in May of the seventh year of Hongwu, Japan sent envoys to make contributions in June, but they were paid tribute because there was no expression.It can be seen that Zu Chan and Keqin's missions were successful on the surface, but in fact they did not completely improve the relationship.In April of the ninth year, the tribute was paid, and the tribute was paid if the language was not sincere; then in May, the Japanese businessman contributed.

This shows that Taizu's intention was mainly to establish official diplomatic relations, not to contribute things.In the 12th year of Hongwu, Taizu accepted the contribution of the envoy sent by the Japanese king Lianghuai, and it seemed that things were moving in a good direction.However, in the following year, it happened that "the Japanese sent monks such as Mingwu and Fazuo to pay tribute to the party. They had nothing to show, and they stopped holding General Yoshiman Minato who conquered the barbarians and sent a letter to the prime minister. His resignation was arrogant. The superior ordered him to pay the tribute."

Now, Zhu Yuanzhang was angry.In December of this year, Taizu issued an edict to the Japanese king, saying:
"In the past, the Song Dynasty was out of control, and the middle land suffered. The Jin and Yuan came into power for more than two hundred years, changing customs and changing customs, and the Huaxia was tainted. Every gentleman with aspirations, who would not be angry. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, heroes stood up, and there were many voices. When I control The string is 30, sharpen the blade to see. Not long after, the general ordered the nine expeditions. In less than five years, the Central Plains will be settled.

Stupid Dongyi, the monarch and his ministers are unreasonable, harassing neighbors everywhere.The year before last, the rhetoric was provocative, but this year people come, whether it is true or not.If you doubt it, but ask, the result is more inevitable than the outcome, and the actual gap is false.

Yu play!Living in the dark and ignorant of the wonderland bestowed by the emperor, being arrogant and disrespectful, allowing the people to do wrong, will surely bring disaster!Therefore, this is an edict, I think it is better to know. "

The imperial edict is full of accusations, the most important of which is "monarchs and ministers go against the law and harass neighbors everywhere".As a result, a deep impression of no integrity was formed, no wonder the tribute had to be withdrawn, that is, the relationship was severed.

In the 14th year of Hongwu, he was still the king of Japan, and sent monks such as Yao to pay tribute, namely horses. This time, Taizu had two documents given to Japan in the name of the Ministry of Rites, and he severed contact with Japan since then.

These two documents, one is "Setting the Ministry of Rites to Ask the King of Japan" and the other is "Setting the Ministry of Rites to Ask the General of Japan".The two diplomatic documents both focused on accusations, which marked the abrupt end of official exchanges between the Ming Dynasty and Japan.

Especially the latter one, while expressing strong dissatisfaction with "the Japanese monarch and his ministers indulged the people to be robbers, and the four bandits are neighbors, harming the good people", at the same time, it revealed the emergence of the idea of ​​conquest in the Ming court.However, this argument was denied by Taizu with "what is the crime of living people".

Although the accusation clearly implied the threat of war, Gao Yushi later checked the historical records and found that Taizu only threatened with words, and did not actually prepare for war.

In fact, it was Taizu who resisted the proposal of conquest by the officials and adopted the method of severing communication by diplomatic means.Even so, in the "Emperor Ming Zu Xun" compiled by Taizu in his later years, Japan was still placed in a "non-conquest" country.This proves that Taizu consistently took "no conquest" as the established national policy of diplomacy.

Zhu Yuanzhang is a very stubborn person. What he believes is difficult to change, just like he only recognizes the prince Zhu Biao for his heir. Zhu Yunwen is the grandson of the emperor.

Similarly, his insistence on the country of non-conquest is also confirmed by his own persistence. Even though the Japanese pirates invaded him, he still refused to conquer, and even wrote the status of the country of non-conquest of Japan into the ancestral teachings. It is also required that the descendants of future generations must abide by it, and it is not easy to say a single word.

Many things in the Ming Dynasty were broken by the ancestral precepts. Although many of them have actually been changed, it should be known that most of those changes were "accommodated" under the guise of temporary measures.

For example, neither the governor nor the governor was created by Zhu Yuanzhang, so even though they have already become permanent positions, they still have the attribute of "temporary dispatch" from an institutional point of view.

But what is Gao Pragmatic going to do?In essence, it is external expansion, which is difficult to be temporary and can only find another way.

In Annan, Gao Wushi attacked Thang Long, the capital of the Mo Dynasty, with his private army and chieftain army, and then used the power of Mo Dynasty to pacify the Li Zheng family, and finally invited Annan to attach himself in the name of Mo Maoqia.

In North Korea, Gao Wushi took the opportunity of sending troops to aid, intending to control the King of Joseon and the Joseon court and let them "voluntarily attach themselves" to avoid being imprisoned by the "Nation Without Conquest".

But what about Japan?Could it be that they can only send troops and money to take it down, and then force the Japanese in power at that time to become puppets and submit a petition to the Ming court?

It can be done, but it's not cost-effective, and the teacher is unknown.

If the Ming Dynasty sent troops to Japan, it could be said that it was to punish Japan for disrespecting Ming Dynasty by invading North Korea.

It's obviously a national hatred, but it can't be forced to be a family hatred.

What's more, Japan is different from Annan. Although Annan rebelled, at that time Daming fought it like a game.

Japan is different. It sent troops twice to beat North Korea, the first vassal state among the vassals, to the point of being helpless, and the Ming court now knows that Japan "has 50 soldiers."Although it is not as good as Ming Dynasty, it can be called a powerful country.

Such a "powerful country", if Gao Yushi doesn't need the help of the imperial court, it can be cleaned up only by Jinghua or the Maritime Trade Alliance... This may be a big bad thing for Gao Yushi.
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(End of this chapter)