Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 1997 "Three concessions" in the palace and outside the palace ([-])

Gao Yuan's going to southern Xinjiang was already planned, but he didn't want to leave right away, but he had to wait until the end of the new year before leaving.This is also the proper meaning of the question. After all, the Chinese New Year is a big event in this era, not to mention that it is almost the end of the year, and the last few days are not bad.

Before the end of the new year, the last major event of the imperial court has come, that is, Li Shanhai, the plenipotentiary special envoy of North Korea's request, finally arrived in the capital, and the Ming court finally made a final decision on the North Korean envoy.

It stands to reason that this incident has been clearly accepted by the high-level officials of the imperial court, and there should be no further incidents.

It's not that some people object to accepting internal enclaves, but some people suggest that the emperor should not simply agree to such a major event as internal enclaves in North Korea, but should perform "three concessions". When Emperor Wen succeeded to the throne, he first went through the "three concessions" ceremony, which made the world peaceful.

In fact, the reason why these people use Emperor Hanwen as an example is obviously not to say that the two events are very similar in themselves—Daming’s acceptance of North Korea and Emperor Hanwen’s ascension to the throne are not the same thing. match?In fact, these people's intentions lie in another way.

There is a saying about the ritual of "three concessions". In ancient times, important events such as the succession of emperors and the acceptance of ministers often paid attention to the courtesy of three words and three concessions.Leaving aside, Zhu Yijun's ascension to the throne was so legitimate, didn't he also go through this procedure?
Now some courtiers exemplify Hanwen Emperor Liu Heng's entry into Chang'an to ascend the throne. No matter how you look at it, it should correspond to the new emperor's ascension. What's the matter with North Korea?

Emperor Wen was originally the fourth son of Liu Bang, the great ancestor, and the half brother of Emperor Hui Liu Ying, whose mother was Bo Ji.In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu, he was granted the title of acting king.After the death of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, Empress Lu came to the court to rule, and Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty died young, and Zhu Lu took power in the court.After the death of Empress Lu, Taiwei Zhou Bo joined forces with Prime Minister Chen Ping and others to crush the forces of Lu, and welcomed Liu Heng, the acting king at that time, to Beijing to succeed him.

At that time, Liu Heng took Song Chang, Zhang Wu and other six confidants to Chang'an. When he came to Chang'an, he first sent Song Chang to investigate the situation.Song Chang had just arrived at Weiqiao, three miles north of Chang'an, and all the officials below the prime minister were waiting here for the arrival of Dai Wang.

When Liu Heng came to Weiqiao, all the ministers paid homage to him. Taiwei Zhou Bo wanted to talk to Liu Heng in another place. Song Chang was worried, so he said: "What you say is public, what you say is public. What you say is private, the king will not be private." Meaning It is to let Zhou Bo speak to his face when he has something to say, and not to hide it.

Zhou Bo had no choice but to kneel down and offer the Emperor's Seal Talisman.However, Liu Heng did not accept it immediately, but said to wait until he was in the Chang'an mansion.This one also.

When they came to Dai Wang's mansion in Chang'an, all the ministers followed. Prime Minister Chen Ping, Taiwei Zhou Bo, General Chen Wu, Royal Shifu Zhang Cang and other ministers knelt down to invite Liu Heng to be the emperor.Liu Heng declined again, saying that he was not capable enough to take on the important task, and the ministers could ask the King of Chu, Liu Jiao, to discuss this matter.This two let also.

Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and others knelt down and begged again: "My ministers plan: Your Majesty is most suitable to be called the Ancestral Temple of Emperor Gao, although all the princes and people in the world think it is appropriate. The ministers are for the sake of the ancestral temple and the society, so I dare not ignore it. May the king be happy to listen to the ministers and others." I would like to present the emperor's seal to worship again." Chen Ping and others persuaded Liu Heng, not only for the ministers, but for all the people in the world, and the whole world thinks that you are the most suitable to wait for the position of emperor!These three concessions also.

Only then did Liu Heng say, since the clan and the princes and generals all think that I am the most suitable, then I dare not refuse any more, so I accepted the position of emperor and entered Weiyang Palace that evening.

Liu Heng entered Weiyang Palace in the evening, and that night he worshiped his confidant Song Chang as the General of the Guard, in charge of the Northern and Southern Forbidden Army, and took Zhang Wu as the Lang Zhongling to ensure his personal safety as soon as possible.He issued an imperial edict overnight to amnesty the world.

After the enthronement ceremony, Liu Heng welcomed Empress Dowager Bo to the Weiyang Palace, and returned all the territories of the princes from all walks of life that the Lu Clan had invaded, rewarded the meritorious officials of Lu, granted ten thousand households in Zhoubo Shiyi, and gave five thousand catties of gold; Prime Minister Chen Ping, General Three thousand households in Guanying each received two thousand catties of gold; Zhuxuhou Liuzhang, Xiangping Houtong, and Dongmouhou Liu Xingju each had two thousand households and received a thousand catties of gold; Dianke Liu Jie was given a thousand catties of gold as Marquis of Yangxin...

As for the meaning of the "three concessions" in this matter, in the eyes of later generations, it is probably just Emperor Wen's show.After all, everyone else has arrived in the capital, and they persuaded him to succeed him. Why would he invite the King of Chu to discuss it together? Even a three-year-old child would not believe this!
However, the problem is that some "shows" must be done. Only after doing this show can a certain procedure be considered complete and legal, and in the end people have nothing to say.

Of course, it is not the new king who came to the throne in North Korea, but it happens that there are similar hidden dangers to the time when Emperor Hanwen succeeded to the throne.

This hidden danger is the great change in the world and the uncertainty of people's hearts.

Of course, "the world has changed drastically, and people's hearts are uncertain" is naturally not Daming, but North Korea.

As we all know, in the first year of Tang Zongzhang (668), the Tang army destroyed Goguryeo. The Tang divided its territory into nine capital governors, 42 prefectures, and one hundred counties. General Xue Rengui served as the guard of Anton, and led [-] troops to guard his land.

Gao Zang, the 27th king of Goguryeo, was captured by the Tang Dynasty. According to Sima Guang's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", Goguryeo nobles and most of the wealthy households and hundreds of thousands of people were moved to various parts of the Central Plains and integrated into various ethnic groups in China.Some remained in Liaodong and became subjects of the Balhae Kingdom, while the rest were integrated into Turkic and Silla.Since then, the Goguryeo state no longer exists in the world, and it officially returned to the rule of the Central Plains dynasty for the first time after the Han Dynasty.

So here comes the question, since it is said that the Goguryeo country has since disappeared, where did the later Goryeo come from?The answer is Silla.

At the end of the ninth century, Silla gradually declined due to the peasants' struggle against the cruel feudal exploitation.During this process, Zhenxuan in the southwest and Gong descendants in the north established the post-Baekje state and the post-Koguryeo state respectively, and the Korean peninsula was thus split into the "post-three kingdoms".

The latter three countries expanded their territories and competed with each other, which intensified feudal exploitation and oppression unprecedentedly.What followed was land reform, the formation of a new bureaucracy, the weakening of Buddhism, the formation of Confucianism, etc., all of which occurred in the early 15th century as part of the birth of the New Kingdom.

The chaotic world on the Korean peninsula slowly came to 918, when Wang Jian of Goguryeo was proclaimed king by the generals, and Goguryeo died.

Wang Jian immediately moved the capital to Kaesong (called Songyue at the time). In order to facilitate the rule and make all the ministries subordinate, Wang Jian claimed that the Koryo Dynasty he built would inherit Koguryo, and changed the name of the country to "Koryo". Inheritance relationship!

A country that has been destroyed for 250 years, its people have been scattered to various places.The word Goryeo actually comes from the attachment of "high mountains and beautiful waters" in the Analects of Confucius.Goryeo's later English name "Goryeo" was derived from Goguryeo's English name "Goguryeo".The English name "Korea" of Samhan is a deformation of Goryeo's English name "Goryeo".In fact, both "Goryeo" and "Goguryeo" are the pronunciation of Chinese characters introduced to Silla in the Tang Dynasty, and they all come from ancient Chinese historical books.

In the early days of the founding of Goryeo, the north was probably facing Balhae on the Yongheung River north of the Daedong River in later generations. From 936 to 943, Goryeo expanded to Wonsan City in North Korea. In 993, the northwestern part of Goryeo reached the Yalu River.

After the Goryeo-Mongolian War, the eastern border and the northern border of the northern part of Goryeo were occupied by Mongolian Yuan, and became the Shuangcheng General Administration Mansion and Dongning Mansion of the Yuan Dynasty, which belonged to the Liaoyang Province of the Yuan Dynasty.Jeju Island has also long been the direct jurisdiction of the Mongols, the "Tamna Military and Civilian General Administration Office", responsible for Japanese defense and Korean overseas Chinese affairs.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Goryeo actively expanded to the north and recovered the land occupied by Mongolia in the north. In 1388, the first year after the Ming Dynasty defeated the Northern Yuan Army in Northeast China, Ming Taizu established Tielingwei to replace the Kaiyuan Road of the Yuan Dynasty in Northeast China and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

Since Koryo claimed sovereignty over the northern part of the Korean Peninsula on Kaiyuan Road, the Ming Dynasty, which was focused on continuing to crusade against the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty at that time, did not intend to cause extra trouble, so it gave up the territory in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula on Kaiyuan Road and relocated Tielingwei to Liaodong. Jibao (later Fengjibao in the southeast of Shenyang, Liaoning).In the 26th year of Hongwu (1393), Tieling Guard moved from Fengji Fort to Yinzhou (later Tieling City, Liaoning Province).

In the last years of Goryeo and the early days of the Joseon Dynasty, Li Chenggui strengthened the management of the Tumen River basin on the Korean peninsula, recruited the Jurchens living in the area, and finally made the Tumen River and the Yalu River the boundary rivers between Daming and North Korea.

In short, Goguryeo was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty a long time ago, and later Goryeo was split from Silla, and then changed to North Korea and gradually unified the Korean peninsula.

Investigating its history, it can be said that the current Lee Dynasty and even its ancestors were never part of the direct rule of the Central Plains Dynasty. [Note: It should be noted that here it is said that there was no direct rule, but Silla was a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty. ]
That is to say, the Ming Dynasty accepted the internal attachment of Korea, which was essentially the first time that the Central Plains Dynasty fully ruled the Korean Peninsula directly.Therefore, these courtiers who believed that the Ming Dynasty should make "three concessions" were actually worried that the Korean people would be dissatisfied with the internal attachment. Without this process, the subsequent rule may be unstable, and it would take more energy and time to consolidate it.

It can also be said that they believed that when Emperor Hanwen succeeded to the throne, he made three concessions to gain legitimacy, and at this time, Ming needed three concessions, also for the purpose of gaining legitimacy.

This way of thinking is actually not difficult to understand: North Korea is also a country of Confucianism, and now you want to be attached, my Emperor Ming will make three concessions according to tradition, and after the three concessions, you still insist on enclosing, then naturally you should recognize me from now on. legality?
Zhu Yijun was quite annoyed by this, but it was not easy to refute the truth, so he had to call in the six cabinet scholars again for the Wenhua call.

On the subject of summoning, Zhu Yijun couldn't express what he meant, so he could only suppress his dissatisfaction and ask the ministers what they thought about it.

Wang Jiaping first expressed his objection. His point of view is simply that although the three concessions are theoretically helpful to strengthen the legitimacy, North Korea is not far from the capital, nor is it close. You can only go by land, and it takes two or three months to go back and forth (the envoys are not marching, so they walk slowly).

In this case, if there is still a three-way ceremony, even if it is not a full year, it will be delayed for no reason, it is completely unnecessary.

However, Zhao Zhigao, who has always had no sense of presence in the cabinet, has his own opinion this time for some reason. He and Shen Yiguan are firmly on the side that should give way.

Zhao Zhigao's point of view is that North Korea's internal attachment is a big deal, and North Korea has always called itself a small China—whether it is or not, it is a country that worships Confucianism.That being the case, my Yangyang Dynasty has always paid attention to a "junjun, ministers and ministers", so it is natural not to lose the etiquette, and there should be these three concessions.

Shen Yiguan was a little more straightforward than him, and said clearly that he did this to stop the mouths of North Korean officials and people, proving that the attachment was not forced by me, Da Ming, but that your king insisted on enclosing it, and I, Da Ming, reluctantly agreed. down.

The subtext is that you should be more honest in the future. It is my emperor’s benevolence to take you in. I don’t want to see the suffering of the Korean people, and I don’t want to see your king lament day and night because he is worried that he will not be able to "die in the kingdom of the emperor". Mu Podi, you don't know good from bad.

It should be said that these two arguments are not unreasonable, but although Zhu Yijun is inclined to Wang Jiaping's point of view, it is still not good to disregard Zhao Zhigao and Shen's consistent opinions just because he is afraid of delaying time. It's hard to object to this stuff in Daming.

Therefore, Zhu Yijun had no choice but to pin his hopes on Gao Yushi, hoping that Gao Yushi could understand what he meant, and come up with a proper solution, so as not to let him be in a dilemma.

Gao Wushi is indeed a person who is good at solving problems. He first pondered why Zhao Zhigao and Shen Yiguan insisted on making the emperor "three concessions".

After thinking about it, I guess it's still a matter of school philosophy.Whether it is practical learning or mental learning, they usually say that their school is developed from Neo Confucianism, in other words, they all think that they are the orthodox Confucianism.

However, the School of Reality emphasizes that a person who manages the world and the people has practical effects, and essentially returns to the early tradition of Confucianism; the School of Mind also believes that Confucianism at the time of Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism has gone astray, but what they advertise is that they must first solve people's thoughts The problem is that only when the moral level is fully improved, can other things be solved in one go.Therefore, not only the Practical School considers itself to be "Practical Learning", but also the Mind School also considers itself to be Practical Learning - Moral Practical Learning.

Since it is a practical study emphasizing morality, etiquette must be followed in everything, because etiquette is the manifestation of morality, so "three concessions" must be present.

After thinking about this, although Gao Yushi rolled his eyes in his heart, he didn't have the face to object directly.Wang Jiaping dared to object now, because he had planned to retire a long time ago, and the time was tight and the tasks were heavy, and he was busy with rectifying the foundation of the country after finishing his work in North Korea. Naturally, he didn't want to delay, and he was not afraid of direct opposition.

It's a pity that Gao Yushi doesn't plan to retire yet, so he can't do this, he can only make peace: "I think that etiquette cannot be abolished, but the procedure can be accommodated due to reality. In my humble opinion, 'three concessions' is feasible, but it doesn't have to be Let Li Shanhai go back and forth three times...Anyway, he is a special envoy with full powers, so it is enough for him to ask the King of Korea three times and the emperor to give up three times...At most three days will be enough."
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(End of this chapter)