Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 2089 Zhengguoben (Wei [-]) Leading the Way

"These problems have deep roots, and after more than 200 years, they have already become intertwined. It is very difficult to get rid of the cocoons. And if you want to cut the mess quickly, it may be a strong medicine that will burn out the oil and burn it to death. People, there is a high probability that the medicine will cure the disease and the people will disappear at the same time.”

Gao Yushi rubbed his eyebrows in a rare way, shook his head and said: "So you see, my work these years is actually like doing a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. List various diseases and prescribe the right medicine one by one.

On the whole, my treatment methods should be said to be relatively gentle, but from a local point of view, each time I do it vigorously and vigorously, it seems very intense.The "degree" in the middle is not so easy to grasp, so I can only start with the easy ones and gradually start to solve more difficult problems according to my own prestige in the officialdom, scholars and even the army.

But now, most of the vassal ban has been lifted by me, but at the same time, it has also caused the problem that the landlord class has the opportunity to expand, so I have to go back and give these landlord class a channel to improve their social status, so as to avoid their power expansion. There is nowhere to vent, and then become a factor of social instability. "

Liu Xin smiled wryly and said, "I always feel like you're kneading noodles. If there's too much dough, add water, if there's too much water, add noodles, if there's more dough, then add more water...the cycle goes on endlessly."

"Although this sounds a bit ironic, I don't think it is ironic." Gao Wushi said seriously: "You have never worked in a government agency in your previous life, and you may lack experience in some things. In fact, many times what a government does is essentially In the face.

However, you have to know that kneading dough is not an easy task—if you add too much water, the dough will become thinner, and if you add too little water, the dough will become stiff, not to mention kneading. There is also a problem with the technique.

Are you kneading more, or kneading lightly?Knead faster, or knead slower?When should it be heavy, when should it be light, when should it be fast, and when should it be slow?Hehe...it's all particular, and there's a reason for it. "

Liu Xin shrugged her shoulders and said, "So, what is Master Gao going to do with this situation? According to what I know about you, you don't really want to cultivate a powerful landlord class, do you? But now that you have lifted the feudal ban, And give these local landlords who are bound to grow slowly a channel to improve their social status, so what's next?"

Liu Xin murmured: "Then it's not easy to get this 'Lu Yin'? I mean, is it possible that we only need to find a workaround, which may cause less trouble?"

Liu Xin was taken aback for a moment, then hesitated and said, "What are the restrictions?"

Gao Wushi smiled and said: "Simply speaking, the corvee economy is basically that the peasants cultivate the landlord's land for the landlord, and at the same time cultivate their own land; they work for the landlord part of the time, and work for themselves the rest of the time... Is that easy to understand?"

Gao Wushi laughed and said comfortingly: "It stands to reason that you have also learned Mazhe Maogai, I thought you could understand it to some extent."

"I still have a little understanding of the capitalist economy, what kind of landlord corvee economy... I have never heard of it!"

Alright, so let me go back and ask: If you want to promote the so-called "bourgeois sprout" in Ming Dynasty, of course, you must first develop industry and commerce, so that the number of people engaged in industry and commerce will increase day by day, and then form the first batch of so-called bourgeoisie.

"It's easy to understand, but... there are many farmers who don't have their own land at all." Liu Xin said.

Liu Xin nodded in thought, and asked, "And then? What difference will it cause?"

"Of course." Liu Xin nodded and said, "That's why Jinghua rarely recruits farmers with a small amount of self-cultivated land, and even long-term workers who are well paid by landlords. Jinghua rarely recruits. Most of what Jinghua recruits They are all bankrupt farmers who lost their land for various reasons, or people who became refugees because of disasters or other reasons.”

Since I want to push it towards capitalism, I must change all the 'systems' in the direction required by capitalism, and then it is possible to realize the ideal state of 'productivity and production relations'.Otherwise, even if I use power and violence to force it, I can only create a deformed monster in the end. "

But after all, people sometimes have to leave the place where they belong. For example, society always needs people to go out to do business, and ordinary people will inevitably have the need to visit relatives and friends, so "Luyin" appeared.

Liu Xin Hao Ran said: "You're right. I admit that I'm a bit 'out of the crowd' on this point, because I've never been restricted by road guides. In the past, when I went out, as long as the servant reported my father's name, Nature is unimpeded.

Gao Wushi nodded and said, "In a nutshell, it is to let the landlords transition from a corvee economy to a capitalist economy."

"That's natural." Gao Wushi sighed, and said: "That's why I said that once reforms are required, many problems are intricate and complicated. If you move one, it will lead to that, or even lead to many... Daming originally It is an agricultural country, so its various systems must be designed to maintain the production system of this agricultural country.

"This... sums it up."

However, if farmers in the countryside cannot leave the countryside at all, then how can it be possible to attract farmers to change careers and become workers through the income difference that I conceived? "

"Okay, so let me ask you, what are the necessary conditions for this economic system to survive?"

But can an ordinary farmer do this?Obviously he can't, because even if he just leaves the county to do something, he needs the county government to issue a guide for him.If there is no guide, he can't go anywhere, otherwise it is illegal.

"Uh..." This question seemed a bit out of line for Liu Xin. She thought for a while before she said, "I think first of all, landlords must have land, and farmers must farm for landlords to make a living because of poverty... Uh, it seems that they should What else?"

In other words, if the landlord does not have the power to control the peasants, it will be difficult for him to force the peasants to work for him-but note that in this regard, there is a difference between the Ming Dynasty and the serfdom of Tsarist Russia. Unless the peasants of the Ming Dynasty signed Otherwise, the landlord does not have the power to directly control them. "

"Don't worry, I haven't finished the next few points." Gao Wushi ignored Liu Xin's sudden realization and continued: "Secondly, in this kind of economy, farmers must be tied to the land, otherwise the landowners cannot be guaranteed Access to labor. So you're thinking, isn't the capitalist economy demanding the exact opposite of that?
That is, the landlord must require the peasant to be attached to the land, and capitalism must require the peasant to be off the land, right? "

"That's true. After all, the prosperity of the world is for profit; the world is for profit. If there is a relatively stable income gap, no matter how stupid people are, they will know how to choose."

"Do you want to listen to the details, or the summary?" Gao Yushi asked.

Gao Wushi said: "As I said just now, 'I have to remedy what needs to be remedied, and I have to guide what needs to be guided'." The "third-class system of foreign princes" is a remedial measure for lifting the feudal ban. It is to guide these landlord classes to evolve into the bourgeoisie."

Gao Yushi nodded and said: "Okay, then we can deduce the third, that is, the personal attachment of farmers to landlords is a necessary condition for the creation and maintenance of this economic system.

Gao Wushi nodded and said: "Although there is a difference, it is not a big problem for you to understand it this way. In short, one of the prerequisites for the existence of this kind of economy is: self-sufficiency is enough for the local people to maintain their lives - and Lenin said that once the landlord Producing food for sale is the harbinger of the collapse of the old system."

We must know that the most important taxes in the agricultural society of the natural economy are poll tax and land tax. If people run away and the land is barren, where will the tax be collected?Therefore, in order to tie peasants to the land, their mobility must be restricted.

"I think your statement is too abstract." Liu Xin shook her head and said, "Is there any clear statement?"

"That shows that you learned too superficially these political and economic things back then." Gao Yushi shook his head and said, "At least I can be sure of one thing, you must have never read Lenin's "The Development of Capitalism in Russia" The book, which has a very in-depth explanation of these issues. The specific issue of the transition from a corvee economy to a capitalist economy should be in its Chapter 3.”

Gao Wushi waved his hands and said, "Don't worry, I know about Daming's situation, but I'm just talking about the 'corvet economy' right now."

Liu Xin nodded and said, "I can understand this. It is the 'self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy' that is often mentioned in textbooks."

"I think you are almost divorced from the masses. Working in the city must earn more than farming or working in the countryside. Do you think farmers really don't know? At least some of them must have been heard of. Are these factories and mines headed by Jinghua, or farmers who rarely come to work?"

"Okay, okay, I won't quote Lenin's exact words. Although his statement is the most rigorous, it is indeed too rigorous to describe it in a long paragraph."

Then there is "Anyone who has no quotations and passes through Guanjin privately has eighty sticks, and if the gate cannot be closed, and the ferry cannot be crossed by crossing, the stick is ninety."If one crosses border fortresses, one hundred rods will serve three years.Therefore, those who go out of the country are strangled, and those who guard the guard know it and let it go, it is the same crime.Those who lose the cross-examination will be reduced by three grades, and the crime will be stopped by one hundred sticks. 'You see, how strict these regulations are. "

"Let me just say the conclusion." Gao Wushi shook his head and said, "First, the natural economy must dominate. In other words, the economic cycle within a certain geographical area must be a self-sufficient and closed whole. There is very little contact with the outside world, and there is not much need for contact.”

"Oh, that's it! You took such a big turn because you want to say that the road guide system must be abolished, so as to create prerequisites for farmers to work in cities, right?"

Liu Xin was silent for a while, and said angrily, "Did you do it on purpose? You know I don't understand what it means, don't you?"

Gao Wushi smiled and did not continue, but said: "In short, the so-called Luyin is a measure of the feudal society to restrict population movement and tie the population to the land. Although the Ming Dynasty did not have extensive serfdom, there is no doubt that the Luyin system played a similar role.

Later, when I arrived at Gao's house, let alone any prefecture or county along the way, if it wasn't for the fact that I was a woman, the local officials would have rushed to greet me in person, and even invited local celebrities to arrange a banquet. It's a treat to feel at ease.

"The difference is that in Tsarist Russia, if we want to transition from a corvee economy to a capitalist economy, we must first abolish serfdom. In Ming Dynasty, we can basically omit this step, and almost only need to do one thing to get the peasants off the land, Get rid of the personal attachment to the landlord - that is to let the peasants realize that it is indeed easier to earn money by 'working' than farming."

Gao Wushi snorted and said, "For example, even if I don't become an official, I don't have any titles, so I can run around all over the country. Why? Because I am a scholar, even if I am not an official, I am still a scholar." A member of the human group, I have such power.

"Okay, okay, I understand, you continue to talk."

I have compiled the "Da Ming Hui Dian", and I know these rules very well, for example, "If the soldiers and civilians are not cited when they travel hundreds of miles away, the army will be regarded as fleeing the army, and the people will be regarded as passing through Guanjin privately." '

Liu Xin gritted her teeth and said viciously, "Are you showing off that you went to a party school? If you have something to say, explain the truth to me clearly, but don't use those technical terms to bully me!"

Gao Wushi smiled and said, "It's not that simple. There is a systemic problem that you haven't noticed. Although Daming didn't have serfdom, it wasn't just any peasant who could freely choose to 'work'."

Alas, this Ming Dynasty is indeed divided into three, six, and nine ranks, and I have almost formed a habit of it... I think, you should feel more strongly about this situation, right? "

Liu Xin's heart skipped a beat, and she said, "Oh! So you want to..."

Even now, when I pass by a certain place, although it is not easy for the local officials to come to see me in person, they will definitely send someone to check it out, deliver some fresh fruits and vegetables, and then send someone to arrange board and lodging for my group or lead the way.

"Of course it's not easy to get." Gao Wushi shook his head and said, "It's actually very troublesome for ordinary people to apply for a road guide. First, they have to apply to Lijia in their hometown, and then submit it to the prefecture and county for review. After approval, they will be sent to the road guide. The name of the road guide must be indicated. , age, address, reasons for travel, start and end locations, and return deadlines.

To make it so complicated, there is only one reason, to put it bluntly, the land at home is still waiting for you to plant, so hurry home and plant the land, there is nothing to worry about!
Oh, by the way, the Ming Dynasty was not the only one who engaged in road guidance. This kind of road guidance system was actually the inevitable choice of all feudal dynasties, but the Han and Tang Dynasties were called "Fu Chuan" and "Guo Suo", and the Song Dynasty called it "by reason". ', anyway, the purpose is to restrict personal freedom, bind people to the land, and stabilize social order, but it's just a different name. "

Hearing what he said, Liu Xin couldn't help feeling worried, and asked, "Since it's so important, what reason are you going to find to change it?"
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Thank you book friend "Cao Mianzi" for your support, thank you!
Thanks to the book friend "Single Riding Photo Bixin" for the 8 supports, thank you!

PS: I originally planned to go for a driver’s physical examination this morning, but before I left, I saw, oh well, it’s okay on Saturdays, and the hospital doesn’t do this business on Sundays, so I had to go on Monday tomorrow.

(End of this chapter)