Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 478 Gao Wen Zhenggong (Part [-])
In the past six years, because the emperor was young, and although the two palaces did not oppose each other, they also formed a check on each other, so in fact Gao Gong was in charge of governing the government, and his achievements in various aspects were the result of his posthumous posthumous title of "Wen Zheng". the main reason.

At the time of Mu Zong Longqing's death, the imperial court's revenue and expenditure were barely equal, and six years later, the imperial court was already in surplus - but this does not mean that Gao Gong simply controlled the loss.

In the sixth year of Longqing, the imperial court's annual revenue was 330 million taels of silver, and its expenditure was similar; but in the fifth year of Wanli, the imperial court's annual revenue had reached 510 million taels, but its expenditure had also increased to 460 million taels.

Why is this?The revenue growth came from several sources.

The first is Qingzhang Tianmu. This is what Zhang Juzheng has done in history, and Gao Gong has also done the same. But in this regard, their efforts are actually similar, and the results obtained are not much different from Gao Yushi's point of view. Skip it, in short, it slightly increased the imperial revenue.

The second is to continue to open the port.Zhang Juzheng resisted this, but Gao Gong was happy to do it.The Gao family's so-called economics and practical learning, if you don't talk about those big principles, can be simply summed up in one sentence: see practical results.Therefore, Gao Gong's financial management idea is also in the same line: making money is the most important thing.

In the past six years, in addition to Yuegang, which had been opened during the Longqing period, the imperial court has successively opened four major ports. From south to north, they are Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Ningbo, and Tianjin.

Of course, the opening of the port at this time is different from the understanding of many people in later generations. It is not to allow foreign merchant ships to dock at these ports at will, but to allow Ming Dynasty merchant ships in these ports to go to sea. Tariffs received by several ports have also been greatly increased.

Gao Yushi played a little role here. Since the imperial court's previous system for negotiating taxes in Hong Kong was very bad, Gao Yushi made a simple and easy suggestion to Gao Gong: only calculate the tax based on the size of the cargo ship.

The customs duties of the Ming court, before Zhengde... had no taxation, it did not levy taxes.During the Zhengde and Jiajing years, the scoring system was adopted.

The so-called point-taking system means that [-] percent of the goods shipped are collected as a tax. The specific value was variable at first, but later it was gradually set at two-tenths.

In the Gaogong period, the situation changed and became a three-tax system: introduction tax, export tax, and water inflow tax.

Among them, taxation refers to the fact that maritime merchants need to pay a tax when they apply for a pass to enter and exit the seaport. Only ships that apply for this tax are regular and legal merchant ships. This tax is paid annually according to the size of the ship, but the tax is not high.

The two terms of import tax and export tax were "created" by high pragmatists. The names originally reported by the local government and the Municipal Shipping Department were "water rate" and "land rate".The water rate is the import tax, which refers to the tax on imports from outside to the port; the land rate is the export tax, which refers to the tax on imports from the port.

It turned out that the local yamen and the Shibo Department listed very complicated taxation rules, such as "per 2 catties of pepper, the price is 5 yuan and [-] cents", and there are hundreds of commodities. At least it is inconvenient to calculate.Therefore, Gao Pragmatism suggested to Gao Gong that the tax should only be levied according to the size of the ship, but the destination should be divided into the ocean.

For example, merchant ships traveling to and from the Western Seas (actually Southeast Asia), with a width of more than one foot and six feet, will be charged ten taels of silver; for each additional foot, one tael will be charged.However, due to the relatively small size of ships traveling to and from Dongyang and Luzon, the overall tax amount is reduced by [-]%.This tax rate is nearly half higher than the tax rate in history, but in fact, it is very clear from the high pragmatism that this tax rate is not high at all, because it has been collected too little in history...

After the opening of the four major ports one after another, although it was only a few years, by the fifth year of Wanli, it was able to provide the court with an additional tariff of nearly one million taels a year, with an average of more than 20 taels per port.

You must know that at this time, Daming Maritime Trade has just begun to "recover", and it is only in its infancy in Gao Pragmatic's view!

The opening of the port has become the single item with the largest income from Gao Gong's wealth management.

Another aspect is to attach importance to industrial and commercial development.

As early as the end of the sixth year of Longqing, Gao Wushi secretly ordered civil and military officials from the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Industry, and some important towns on the nine borders to go to the evacuation repeatedly to create momentum for the military industry.In the first year of Wanli, the imperial court officially adopted a new system of private and parallel procurement of military industry.

Under this system, the imperial court continued to maintain the official manufacturing sector, but allowed some qualified "private enterprises" to participate in military manufacturing, and also reformed the ordnance distribution and procurement system.Under the secret manipulation of high pragmatism, the "contractor bidding system" was finally formed.

What is going on with this system?For example, if the defenders of the Xuan Mansion need to replace [-] firecrackers right now, the Ministry of War and the cabinet will also approve it.

Then, first of all, the Ministry of War will issue a list, informing various government departments, such as the Ordnance Bureau, the Military Military Bureau, and private military enterprises, how long after that they will hold bidding.Then put forward the requirements set by the Xuanfu garrison and the Ministry of War after discussion, such as shooting distance, shooting accuracy, firepower intensity, barrel cooling time and other technical indicators, and then start bidding.

The bidding meeting was presided over by the Ministry of War, and the department and the province sent personnel to participate in the supervision at the same time.The meeting is not just a meeting, but must also be displayed on the spot, and then compare the results, and finally make a comprehensive consideration, report to the cabinet, and finally publish the list, so that the bidding department or enterprise can be determined.

In order to ensure the advantages of the government-run sector or to ensure that the government-run sector can be maintained, if a private military enterprise wins the bid, it must also pay one-tenth of the total amount of the winning bid as a deposit. After winning the bid and completing the transaction, the deposit will be directly converted into taxes. , will not be returned.

If the transaction cannot be completed due to the reasons of the winning bidder itself, the deposit will be fully deducted and liquidated damages will be charged according to the contract.The "reasons of the bid-winning company itself" here include but are not limited to the company's difficulties and inability to complete the project, product quality not up to standard, etc.

As for the so-called "qualified" private enterprises in the military industry, the requirements they need to meet are not low.

First, you have to pay 10 taels of silver as an "operating deposit" to the Yamen of the Ministry of War to confirm that you have the strength to carry out military manufacturing; Rebels are not allowed to be the owner of the enterprise or participate in the shares; secondly, in the private military enterprises, there must be an official sent by the Ministry of War to supervise the flow of products. operation, limited to twice a year)...

Anyway, all these things add up, and there must be more than a dozen restrictions.

However, it is a little embarrassing that after the private military industry system came out, until now, only Gao Yushi has opened two private military enterprises in the entire Ming Dynasty: Jinghua Gun Factory and Jinghua Artillery Factory.

It's not that Gao Pragmatic is the only person who can meet the conditions in the entire Ming Dynasty, but that other people are still cautious about it.

But even for these two companies, Gao Wushi paid 7 taels of tax in just five years and one year of Wanli!
And the second town of Jiliao, which was the first to get a change of clothes, achieved the "Splitting the Mountain Victory" under the decisive attack of Li Chengliang, the general soldier of Liaodong, in the first month of the sixth year of Wanli!
That month, Su Bahai, the leader of the left-wing Mongolian Taining Department (Kalkabalin Department), invaded massively and camped in Pishan.Li Chengliang, the commander-in-chief of Eastern Liaodong, supervised the troops to go out for 130 miles overnight, smashed the mountain camp, killed and injured more than [-] people including Hai, Li Chengliang's troops killed [-] people, and seized tens of thousands of their equipment and livestock.

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(End of this chapter)