Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 896
Mongolia is the predecessor of Dayuan, and it is also a remnant.

With the approaching of the Kuritai Conference, the most important Mongolian wedding has come to an end quietly. Dacheng Taiji married Alta's widow Zhong Jinhatun.The reason for "quietly" is that although this wedding has important political significance, the man is not married for the first time, and the woman is remarried. It is unreasonable to make a fuss.

In addition, it is necessary to take care of the face of Da Chengbiji and Erde Mutu.

"Teacher, the envoy of the Wala people has also arrived today." Erdemutu appeared in front of Gao Yushi with some excitement, cupped his hands at Gao Yushi with his eyes closed, and said, "Father said that even when Lao Khan was in power, The Oirats have been beaten and migrated several times, but they are not as grand as they are today, so he asked me to come and thank the teacher again."

Gao Wushi didn't open his eyes. He has been working hard recently. Although he is young, he is quite tired. He has been very tired these days. He has hardly participated in the organization of the Curry Taiwan Conference. He has left it all to Han Naji and Zhong Jinhatun The newly... er, remarried couple disposes of themselves.

"Great Qianyuan, congratulations on the prosperity of Mongolia again." Gao Yu said calmly, and then changed the subject: "Erde Mutu, have you ever thought about why the Yuan was so great, why it fell so quickly? "

Isn't this a sub question?Erdemutu immediately said: "The Mongols don't know the truth that they can win the world immediately, but they can't rule the world immediately."

Unexpectedly, Gao Yushi shook his head and said: "In Yuan Dynasty, culture was very prosperous." He slowly opened his eyes, looked at the half-grown Mongolian students in front of him, and smiled slightly: "Even, many Han people benefited from this culture." The place."

Erdemutu was stunned for a moment, then hesitantly said, "Really?"

"Don't you believe it?" Gao Wushi smiled slightly and said, "The culture of the Yuan Dynasty is a combination of Persian culture, Mongolian culture, and Han culture. Hue is one of the main colors in China. Before the Yuan Dynasty, there was no blue and white in China. In the Yuan Dynasty, this blue pattern was brought from Persia, which can be painted on porcelain.

Before the blue-and-white porcelain, no matter how Chinese ceramics changed, they all took the lead, but after the blue-and-white porcelain was born, it immediately became the mainstream, and no one has shaken its position for two or three hundred years. "

There is indeed no problem with Gao Yushi's example. From the Yuan Dynasty onwards, the Ming and Qing dynasties, the folk kilns and official kilns occupied the first place, and blue and white porcelains were all used.In the late Qing Dynasty, famille rose challenged its position, but lost to it in the end.

But just a piece of blue and white porcelain is not enough to convince Erdemutu, his expression is obviously skeptical.

So Gao Wushi said again: "There is also cloisonne, a handicraft of Yuan Dynasty that had a great influence on Ming Dynasty, and cloisonne. It is mainly based on blue tone, and it was created in the Yuan Dynasty. It has nothing to do with Jingtai (the name of the Ming Dynasty). In fact, cloisonne is also a typical foreign culture. In the final analysis, it is the craft of filigree enamel, which was passed down from the Arabs—that is, back to back. In the "Gegu Yaolun" in the early Ming Dynasty, it was said that it was a craft from "Da Shi". And the smart Chinese craftsmen learned this craft, and then put Chinese decorations into it, carried it forward, and became a unique court culture in China.”

Erdemutu hesitated for a moment, then whispered: "But... this is all a small story."

"Then what is the great way? Does the study of astronomy count?" Gao Wushi chuckled, and said again: "In terms of the study of astronomy, Yuan Ting presided over the translation of Ptolemy's "Astronomical Collection". Astronomer Zamarudin presided over the "Huihui Sitianjian" and made polyrings, azimuths, obliquities, flatodolites, celestial globes, globes, and observatories. Guo Shoujing, a local scientist in China, absorbed the essence and improved and manufactured Jianyi, Yangyi, Guibiao, Houjiyi, Armillary Sky, Liyunyi, Jingfu, and Kuji, etc., and cooperated with Wang Xun and Xu Heng and others jointly compiled the most advanced and longest-performing calendar in China, the "Shoushi Calendar". The compilation of this calendar benefited from the 27 astronomical observatories set up all over the country.

At the same time, the compilation of "Shoushi Calendar" not only listed three interpolation formulas ("recruitment method"), but also used the "stacking, recruiting, Pythagorean, and arcuate methods" to carry out careful calculations. The arc trigonometry method invented was applied to the circle cutting technique to obtain the "sagittal cutting circle technique" (that is, the spherical right-angled triangle solution). Subsimultaneous equations), and proposed the solution of 'elimination', which is better than... Well, this is still the pinnacle of mathematics. "

Gao Yushi almost blurted out just now: 300 years ahead of Europe.

Erdemutu has been taught Hanaji to believe that only the Han people have the strongest culture. Although Gao Wushi said so, he still insisted: "But these learnings are not practical."

Gao Wushi thought for a while and asked: "Then, is medicine practical? In medicine, there are four (Jin) and Yuan schools, and the "Huihui Prescription" which synthesizes Chinese medicine and Arabic medicine is a comprehensive Hui medicine. There are 36 volumes in total, including internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, orthopedics, and dermatology. There are about six to seven thousand prescriptions. Many of the prescriptions we are familiar with now, such as aroma volatile medicine, nasal drops, and liquor Potions, oils, syrups, etc. are not from Bian Que and Hua Tuo, but from the 'sea medicine' brought by Arabic medicine."

Medicine must be the most practical, and Erde Mutu couldn't refute it, so he had to say: "But Dayuan is still dead." Why did the Yuan Dynasty prosper so vigorously and die so suddenly?"

Gao Wushi said: "There is a saying in "Zuo Zhuan": 'The king will prosper with this, and he will die with this'. The Yuan Dynasty, which embodies its "big" everywhere, only existed for a hundred years and then collapsed, but it also fell under the "big" superior."

Erdemutu was surprised and said, "If you are big, you can also subjugate the country?"

Gao Wushi said: "Nature can be said to be broad, broad, majestic, and strong, but on the other hand it is also rough, crude, scattered, and vertical. The main area of ​​Yuan Dynasty ruled was Han, but it did not regard Han Confucian culture as the basis for ruling the whole country. Ideology, it is a good thing for the ruler to implement freedom of belief for the whole country, but the ruler himself is also wandering between various beliefs, and he has never been able to establish the most fundamental concept of governing the country, which will make the foundation of the country completely based on powerful force , that is to say, 'the world will be ruled immediately' as you just said, it is bound to be easy to loosen."

Gao Wushi did not discuss this issue with Erdemutu. In fact, the laws of the Yuan Dynasty were a mixture of Mongolian Zhasa and Tang and Song codes, and there were many contradictions in themselves. "For honor", "Cao Mu Zi" written by Ye Ziqi at the end of the Yuan Dynasty mentioned that "the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty ordered the world to be punished, and the cane cane was strangled five times. The crime of caning the cane is established, and the sky will spare him once, and the earth will spare him once, and I will forgive him." Let him give you a slap. Since the caning is 47, the caning is 80.... The trial of the death row prisoners in the world has been decided, and there will be no additional punishment. Once the head dies, one will be horrified. It can be said that the victorious and disabled will kill, Li Yuan is in the middle of Haihan Chunyu."

When Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Taizu who replaced the Yuan Dynasty, summed up the previous dynasty, he believed that "its failure lies in galloping".Treating the common people lightly can win the hearts of the people, but the same is true for officials, which will inevitably lead to the prevalence of corruption and the disadvantage of corruption control.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there was no main body ideology. It was ruled by a foreign race, and its usage was lenient. It is conceivable that the spark of resistance can never be prevented before it happens. Once the central government weakens, it will be a prairie fire.

In addition, people in the Yuan Dynasty were divided into four classes, and the policy of ethnic oppression was legally determined. The Han Chinese and southerners who accounted for the vast majority of the population naturally often harbored resentment.

On the contrary, because of loose rule and developed social economy, the hierarchical system cannot guarantee that the Mongols and Semu people who are in the first and second ranks are in a strong position in many cases.In fact, in the end of the Yuan Dynasty, ordinary people of Mongols and Semu people became slaves of Han people and southerners everywhere due to poverty. As a foreign regime, the people of this ethnic group would inevitably weaken their centripetal force towards the imperial court due to these circumstances.

The Mongols are rough and forthright, happy to be kind and enmity.Such a personality can be regarded as an advantage as an individual, but as the ruler of a large empire, he will inevitably lack careful thinking and shrewd calculations.

There were eleven emperors in the Yuan Dynasty, and almost every time the throne was changed, there would be brutal killings and even large-scale wars.Tacticians design in the secret room and make trouble in the court. It is rare that one or two people can determine the big position, so they confront each other with open swords and guns at every turn.

The internal friction among the royal family, nobles, and important ministers often leads to restlessness in the whole country, and the country loses its vitality.And such a blatant struggle to seize power will inevitably lead to a decline in the royal family's prestige among the people.

In addition, the Yuan people called themselves "major events in the state, called conquest, hunting, and feasting."After Chengzong, foreign wars basically stopped, and the only three major events were hunting and banquets.From top to bottom, the imperial court was full of enjoyment, with a wide variety of games, such as hunting, playing polo, chuiwan (playing on foot), Cuju (football), Sheliu, Shepu, Jiaoqi, Shuanglu, chess, Go, throwing orchid, throwing pot, thimble, Xuma, Zaibai, Daozi, etc., and so on, even reached the point where "in Yuan Dynasty, there were many people dancing and singing, and there was no production".

The fundamental affairs of the country have not yet settled down, so it is conceivable what kind of results will be produced if such aspirations are eliminated.By the time of the last emperor Yuan Huizong, the super licentious game of "Great Joy" was prevalent in the palace, and he was helpless in the face of "thousands of red scarves".

However, after all, Gao Wushi did not really teach Erdemutu to govern the country. He just told Erdemutu in this way: China is strong because it firmly implements the Confucian system, so... you should also in the future So do it!

Erde Mutu understood and nodded vigorously.

Gao Wushi smiled, closed his eyes again and meditated, but couldn't help muttering in his heart: Confucianism... It's good to promote it to you.
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The anti-piracy in this chapter is charged at 2K, but in fact, I update more than 3K, and more is considered a gift~
(End of this chapter)