Daqin Fusu: It is difficult to start the battle

Chapter 132 On the Law
Fu Su straightened his clothes, straightened his back, and asked solemnly, "Are there different types of Dharma? Sir, can you explain in detail?"

Although he has been supplementing legalist classics such as "Han Feizi" and "Book of Shang Jun" these days, he knows that Legalism is divided into three schools: Fa, Shu, and Shi, but how to distinguish them requires too much energy.

As an emperor who controlled the entire world, Fusu did not, and could not devote too much energy to carefully study the legalist classics accumulated over hundreds of years.

Hou Feng cupped his hands and bowed again, pondered for a while and said: "My teacher once said that although Legalism is divided into three schools: Fa, Shu, and Shi, but its origin is from Li Kui's reform in Wei State."

"Li Kui, a native of Anyi (now Xia County, Shanxi), studied under the Confucian Zixia, advocated the abolition of hereditary aristocratic privileges, and called those who did not make meritorious deeds as prostitutes. "."

"Secondly, implement the 'Equivalent Purchase Law', which advocates that the state buy large quantities of grain at a fair price in good years, and sell it to farmers at a fair price when there is a famine, and take the surplus to make up for the shortage, so as to prevent the grain from being too expensive and disturbing the people, or cheap and hurting the farmers. . "

"Thirdly, he advocated the rule of law and compiled six chapters of the "Fa Jing". The Qin Law of Shang Jun's reform was born here..."

Fu Su mused to himself, Li Kui's reform was a matter of Wei Wenhou's period, and Wu Qi at the same time created a Wei soldier, whoever was arrested beat whomever!

However, Wei Guocheng is also Wei Wuzu, and Wei Wuzu is also defeated.

As Xunzi said, if you try, you will restore your households and benefit your fields and houses.It has been declining for several years, but it is not possible to seize it, and it is not easy to reform it. Even though the old land is large, its taxes must be low, and it is a soldier who endangers the country.

That is to say, the selection of Wei Wuzu was produced through examinations, which means that this system was produced by internal competition.

Well, every entry must take the exam...

But the fief of the country is limited. When Wei Wuzu gets old and loses the courage of his youth, or dies in battle, the land is still hereditary!

Li Kui's reform, while weakening the old nobles, also cultivated a new batch of military nobles.

The most important thing is that the Wei State does not suppress land annexation. After the military nobles become the rentier class, naturally the rich will be connected to the fields, and the poor will have no place to stand.

The specific method is that when the country is fighting abroad, the nobles actively carry out military mobilization, let civilians become soldiers, and obtain fields from the country.

In this way, no matter whether the war is won or lost, a large number of military families will lose their males, which will create more favorable conditions for land annexation.

Therefore, during Li Kui's reform period, Wei Wenhou led the three Jins, destroyed Qi, defeated Qin, and defeated Chu, forcing Zhou Tianzi to recognize the three Jins as vassals, presenting a powerful scene of "soldiers spread all over the world, and the power is in the crown of the country". .

But soon, with the massive annexation of land, the country became poorer and poorer.

In the end, as Xunzi said, the soldiers of the Wei family should not meet the elite soldiers of Qin.

Xunzi, perhaps the earliest Qin Chu in the world... After Fusu complained about this old Confucianist, he suddenly felt that Legalism seemed to be born out of Confucianism. Taught Han Fei...

Hou Feng obviously didn't know Fusu's inner thoughts, and he was still racking his brains to say:

"My family teacher once said that the law, the constitution is enacted by the government, and the punishment must be in the hearts of the people. The reward depends on prudent law, and the punishment is imposed on the adulterer."

"The so-called 'law' refers to the decrees made by the government. The criminal law must be known to everyone. Those who abide by the law should be rewarded, and those who violate the law should be punished."

"The law of the Qin State implemented by the Shangjun Reform is one of the 'laws' of the Legalists, which focuses on the formulation of legal provisions and the implementation of rewards and punishments."

Fu Su nodded slightly, and asked: "The school of 'skills' should be Shen Buhai who was at the same time as Lord Shang."

Hou Feng echoed Fusu's words, and then carefully said: "The artisan is appointed to the position because of his appointment, and he is responsible for the truth according to the name. He is the one who kills and teaches the ability of the officials. This person is the master. "

"The so-called 'skill' is to confer official positions according to personal ability, to hold accountable for what one does according to the position one occupies, to control the power of life and death, and to test the ability of officials. This is what His Majesty should be in charge of."

"My teacher once said that if the ruler is incapable, he will harm the superiors, and if the ministers are incapable, the inferiors will be in chaos. This is indispensable, and they are all the tools of the emperor."

"If the monarch doesn't know 'art', he will be in a high position but be deceived by his subjects; if the subjects don't know 'law', they will make chaos. Therefore, both 'art' and 'law' must be possessed by the monarch."

"Take my state of Qin as an example. Qin used the law of the Shang monarch to make the country rich and strong, but because of incompetence and knowledge of traitors, the achievements of the country's prosperity and strength were used by the ministers as a tool to expand their personal power."

"For example, when Ranghou Wei Ran successfully attacked Qi, he obtained Taoyi as a private seal, and Yinghou Fanju captured Runan as a private seal when he attacked Han victory, which shows the disadvantages of having 'law' but not 'skills'."

"Therefore, even after Shang Jun's reform, although Qin is overlord, he is not king."

Seeing Fusu was a little puzzled, Hou Feng just smiled lightly, and continued:

"When Shen Zi assisted South Korea, he had 'skills' but no 'laws'. Although Han Zhaohou could identify traitors, but there were no officials to implement the laws, the majority of subjects did not have enough strength to support South Korea. No way!"

"Shang Jun pays attention to 'law' and not to 'skills', but because of the implementation of laws and regulations, rewards are rewarded, and punishments are punished, so that the people of the country can be inspired and a hole can be made, so there is the first emperor, Liuhe. Inner, the land of the emperor. It crosses the quicksand in the west, ends in Beihu in the south. There is the East China Sea in the east, and Daxia in the north. Wherever people go, there are no ministers!"

Fusu nodded and smiled. The following passage was the original text on the Langya Stone Carving. In later generations, Fusu had seen it in the National Museum, and it was exhibited together with the Liye Qin Bamboo Slips.

Hou Feng went on to say: "The teacher once said that Shenzi is not perfect in art; Shang Yang is not perfect in law. The two sons are not perfect in magic."

"The 'power' faction, represented by Shen Dao, focuses on maintaining and utilizing the power and position of the monarch."

"My teacher said, if a virtuous man subjugates an unworthy one, his power will be despised and his position low; if an unworthy man can submit to a sage, he will have power and dignity. Yao is a husband and cannot rule three people; Jie is the son of heaven, and he can disrupt the world. : From this, I know that power is enough to rely on, but virtuous wisdom is not enough to admire."

"A virtuous person submits to an unworthy person because his power is small; an unworthy person submits to a virtuous person because the virtuous person has power. If Yao was a commoner, he could not govern a few people, but Jie, as the son of heaven, could The world is in trouble, so I know that power and status can be relied on, and talents and talents are not to be envied."

Fusu nodded, and said solemnly: "This is the origin of the phrase 'he who is powerful is the abyss of the king'."

Hou Feng said: "For this reason, the family teacher advocated the use of the three, and the former emperor adopted his theory, so he was able to annex the six countries!"

Fusu was a little puzzled, thinking that he had never heard of this, and asked again: "Can you explain it in detail?"

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(End of this chapter)