As a mage, I just want to pursue the truth

Chapter 316 Going directly from the moon to Mars
The launch cost of a Starlink satellite is unimaginable to the outside world.

Through the repeated launches of Falcon 9, the launch cost of each Starlink satellite can be achieved at only 50 meters.

(This is really 50)
But this does not mean that the cost of Starlink is low.

Fifteen thousand Starlink satellites have manufacturing costs in addition to launch costs.

Another critical issue is that due to the low production cost of the Starlink satellite, its normal use time is only five years.

And if it is affected by a magnetic storm, it will destroy Starlink satellites in batches.

The G1-class magnetic storm was triggered by the solar M-class flare before.

The magnetic storm lasted for more than four hours and was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection in the direction of the blue star.

The solar flare eruption directly caused the scrapping of forty newly launched Starlink satellites.

The comprehensive superposition of various factors has caused the cost of the Starlink satellite matrix to remain high.

From the perspective of civilian use, Starlink is much faster than previous satellite communications, and the rate is more stable.

At present, some flights on Bluestar can access the Internet, most of which are through Starlink satellites.

China flights are excluded.

Starlink can make Huaguo's GFW useless.

This is unacceptable to Huaguo, so none of Huaguo's airlines has purchased Starlink services.

Due to the high cost of using Starlink, and the need to purchase hardware equipment.

It is easy to intercept Starlink hardware devices at the customs stage.

Those who are really capable of obtaining Starlink equipment in Huaguo cannot stop him from surfing the Internet scientifically.

Musk is not an ideological fighter, he has a certain degree of interest binding with Huaguo.

It is also impossible for Musk to offend Huaguo for illusory things, and he insists on letting Starlink enter Huaguo through private channels.

The cost of Starlink in the civilian field is beyond the reach of most families.

Even the family of American will feel that the cost is a bit high, let alone Huaguo.

Spending more than 1 yuan a year on network fees is enough to buy N shadowrocket nodes.

This thing is not as serious as it is said on the Internet. If it is purely from the perspective of restraining GFW, it is not necessary.

People who can really handle this set of Starlinks will not lack similar means even in the territory of China.

The biggest role of Starlink is in the military, which greatly increases the communication capabilities of any location in the world under extreme circumstances.

Since Starlink is under the guise of civilian use, the governments of various countries, especially China and Russia, have no way to use military means to prevent the launch of Starlink satellites.

Even though everyone knows that the purpose of Starlink is not simple, spacex receives a large number of researchers from NASA and the American military every year.

Even though SpaceX is losing money, it has to push Starlink forcibly, with the support of American behind it.

The reason why Starlink satellites are easily damaged, and they can only be scrapped after a few years in the blue star orbit, is very important to avoid arousing the vigilance of other countries.

I am just a civilian satellite, but the number is a bit too much.

If the satellites used are even better, with remote sensing functions attached, this is absolutely unacceptable to other countries.

The lunar space station occupies the orbit built by American in the plan to build a lunar base.

The launch of the Starlink satellite group also occupies a large number of satellite orbits and frequency bands.

The impact on China is far more serious than the so-called restraint of GFW.

Another very important point is the integration of the industrial chain.

The large-scale launch of Starlink has enabled SpaceX to realize the manufacturing capabilities of the entire industry chain in the space field, including launches, satellite manufacturing, satellite operations, and terminal manufacturing.

With this, SpaceX has successfully created a closed loop of the industrial chain, and has achieved a balance of payments.

Of course, this balance of payments is only a balance of payments on the surface, but in fact there is still a long way to go.

On the surface, this means that, relying on the will of the American government, the airlines, firefighting companies, etc. in American, companies and SpaceX pay for the Starlink Internet, which is much higher than the normal price.

Being able to use normal ground communication services will also use Starlink to support SpaceX.

Similar administrative support has played a key role in SpaceX's balance of payments on the Starlink project.

Because American can affect not only the local people, but also many younger brothers, among which the two rich and obedient younger brothers, Nihong and Gao Li, are typical.

Huaguo is temporarily ahead of American in the space station around the moon and the moon base, but in the field of spaceflight as a whole, there is still a long way to go.

For example, space fuel and aero engines, the distance between these two aspects can be reflected intuitively.

It took only 75 hours for Apollo 50 to go from the blue star to the moon, and it took about [-] days for the Chang'e-[-] probe to go from the blue star to the moon [-] years later.

"According to the information released by the official NASA spokesperson at the press conference just now, American will make its first attempt to land on Mars next year.

And it is a real landing on Mars, not a simulated landing. "

"Lao Mei is anxious. At present, countries that cooperate with the traditional international space station, such as the Europa League, Russia, Neon, and Maple Leaf, are now talking to us about cooperation on the moon base.

They are used to the aerospace industry revolving around them, and they really want to lead us again in the aerospace field.

It is not a technological lead, but an obvious lead from the outside world.

It's as if now we have moon bases and American doesn't. "

The main players in the International Space Station program are the countries and alliances mentioned above.

However, Russia has withdrawn from the International Space Station project as early as 2022.

Regarding the withdrawal from the International Space Station, Russia mentioned it as early as 2021.

Mainly because of American's sanctions against Russia's Progressive Rocket Space Center and the Central Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Russia proposed to withdraw from the International Space Station.

Anyway, Huaguo's Tiangong series of space stations have also been built, and Russia thinks it is better to cooperate with Huaguo.

The two parties have already launched effective cooperation in the field of biological storage and large-scale quantum accelerators.

The development of subsequent events was faster than Russia's own mouthpieces.

Russia said it would withdraw from the International Space Station program in 2025. As a result, they withdrew from the International Space Station in 2022, and then reached a cooperation with CNSA at the end of 2022.

And after the construction of Huaguo's moon base is completed, not only Russia, but other countries with astronauts want to join in the fun.

It is also good to send someone to the moon to experience it and learn from the advanced experience of Huaguo.

It is no exaggeration for CNSA to describe it as a bustling crowd for a while.

"Haha I also wish NASA would act so emotionally.

Too bad they're unlikely to be because of us.

In other words, the successful opening of our Laurel base at most led to additional funding from Washington to NASA in the middle of the year.

With a wealth close to [-] billion yuan, he can recruit more people to do this.

I guess NASA should have made sufficient preparations and feasibility verification work. "

Inside CNSA, the two core members were discussing the latest NASA press conference.

CNSA and NASA regard each other as their biggest rivals.

NASA will use CNSA's progress and achievements to motivate the researchers below, and CNSA will also do similar things.

"Landing on Mars is not that simple, but it's about the same in terms of time.

The schedule that was originally released by NASA in 2020 shows that the landing on Mars will be completed in 2035.

It is also reasonable to advance to the middle of 2027 now.

If you miss the window period next year, NASA will have to wait until about two years later, which is 2029. "

Due to the limitation of aviation fuel and the power of aeroengines, if Blue Star wants to go to Mars, it is best to choose the closest distance between Blue Star and Mars.

It is difficult to achieve otherwise.

"Just don't know how NASA is addressing the EDL risk."

EDL is the abbreviation of Entry, Descent, Landing, and is considered to be the most difficult and dangerous stage in the process of landing humans on Mars.

"Probably still an ejection seat, a separate parachute and a small thruster."

"The problem lies in the accuracy of the Mars landing. Judging from our previous technical deduction of NASA, the opponent's optical navigation and guidance can only achieve an accuracy of 5-10 kilometers.

After landing, the astronauts of American could not find the landing module before their physical strength was exhausted, and they were finished. "

Landing with a separate ejection seat and parachute is the safest way.

It is equivalent to landing on Mars first with the least equipment, and then landing on Mars after the landing module is separated.

After the astronauts landed on Mars, they went back to find the lunar module.

This plan is the safest plan for landing, but the difficulty lies in whether the landing cabin can be found smoothly.

Due to the thin atmosphere of Mars, communication is difficult to guarantee.

Not to mention positioning.

"So this plan has higher requirements for landing accuracy. If NASA can achieve an accuracy of about 100 meters, then this plan will definitely be fine."

"It is too difficult to achieve 100-meter accuracy.

At present, our integrated navigation solutions can only achieve an accuracy of about two kilometers.

It is still the theoretical accuracy of the laboratory, which has not been verified by the real environment. "

In response to the problems of unknown disturbances and measurement anomalies during the Mars landing phase, they mainly developed three integrated navigation schemes that conform to the division difference filter.

The best effect among them is the integrated navigation scheme based on Huber's first-order division difference filter.Adaptive Huber first-order divider filter and adaptive Huber second-order divider filter.

The cost function of the standard Kalman filter is modified by taking the predicted state estimation error covariance and the measurement noise covariance as a function of Huber's case.

Specifically, the first-order division difference filter is obtained by embedding the latest error covariance and measurement noise covariance into a general first-order division difference filter.

To more specifically improve the performance of the filter under significant deviations, an adaptive forgetting factor is introduced in the first-order partitioned difference filter.

On this basis, a first-order subtraction filter is derived.Also, an adaptive Huber second order divider filter is generated.

(The above plan comes from "International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing", which was published in February this year. I forgot the specific issue, and I read it several months ago.)
"If American has a full live broadcast, we can see a clue from their live broadcast process."

CNSA does not shy away from learning from NASA's good experience.

Follow the path that others have walked, and avoid stepping into the pit.

"If we follow the current progress, it is possible for us to catch up with the next window period between Blue Star and Mars."

That is, landing on Mars in 2029.

"There is still not enough time. If you don't rush and take your time, build the moon base first.

In the future, it would be nice to launch rockets directly from the moon to Mars. "

"There's no way, even Big Boss Ouyang can't resist the will of the above."

The proposal of going from the moon to Mars has been proposed a long time ago.

During the public interviews with CNSA, academician Ouyang Ziyuan thought this plan was very good.

He is not only an academician of the Huaguo Academy of Sciences, but also the chief scientist of the Huaguo Lunar Exploration Project, that is, the big brother Ouyang just mentioned above.

This is the suggestion of the most professional academician.

When he was interviewed, he roughly meant that the moon’s gravity is small, and the energy needed to launch a rocket from the moon to Mars is only one-sixth of that of the blue star.At the same time, the distance between the moon and the blue star is short, so it is very convenient to transport materials.

This is what he said in an interview in 2022.

In 2026, after Huaguo has its own moon-orbiting space station and moon base, internally it is about building a rocket launch base on the moon.

The follow-up voice of going directly from the moon to Mars has never stopped.

Everyone thinks this plan is feasible, the only problem is that it takes a long time to build.

From the preliminary project demonstration to the construction, and then to the launch, it is optimistically estimated that it will be more than five years but less than ten years.

But the advantage of going from the moon to Mars is that, regardless of the window period, only one-sixth of the energy of the blue star is needed, and the window period becomes less important.

"I personally think that going from the moon to Mars is the best solution. It doesn't make much sense to blindly pursue the comparison with NASA's landing on Mars."

As the middle-level personnel of the R&D team, the two have no access to the magic brain.

Therefore, they do not fully understand the urgency of landing on Mars.

"Okay, almost stop, there are considerations above.

And it didn't say not to be a lunar rocket launch base.

Aren't two legs parallel now?

While preparing for the launch of landing on Mars in the next window period, they are also preparing for the construction of the lunar rocket launch base. "

"Lunar rocket launch base? At present, we are making a feasibility report and formulating a plan. There is still a long way to go before we can actually do it."

"Actually, it may not be as long as you think, we can directly use the resources of the moon.

Chemical propulsion using liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. "

Regarding the issue of insufficient fuel, Musk had mentioned the idea a long time ago.

It is to rely on SpaceX's ultra-low launch cost to launch a reusable spacecraft to a designated orbit.

There is extra fuel in the spacecraft to dock and refuel the spacecraft passing through the orbit.

It is equivalent to the gas station concept in space.

When the spacecraft runs out of fuel, it will return to the blue star, refuel and return to its designated orbit.

This is only possible with ultra-low-cost launches and reusable spacecraft.

Of course, there are still many problems to be overcome.

(End of this chapter)