From the dream-chasing showbiz to remake bad films

Chapter 30 Toning [2]

For color tone, adjustments and settings are often not made in the early stage, and "standard" shooting is provided as much as possible in the early stage. ——Because different picture materials may be used in different scenes and atmospheres in the later stage.It is impossible to judge all the requirements and operations of post-processing in the early stage. Therefore, it is more important to grasp the composition and exposure in the early stage, which are difficult to deal with in the later stage. As for the color tone, it is only necessary to provide accurate white balance.

Of course, the white balance of simulating night scene and sunset rendering can also be considered as preliminary work, which can appropriately change the color temperature of the color to make it roughly meet the requirements of the later stage.Do everything you can do in the early stage, but don't make too many changes, otherwise, it will cause trouble in the later stage.

After the early material is shot, in the later computer room, the producer will understand the director’s intention, determine the tone style according to the film style, and perform primary and secondary color correction on the early material. The purpose is to make the “vegetables” of the material into different flavors. "Dishes", it all depends on the "chef" to make the dishes

The first step in grading is to gain a deep understanding of the properties of color.

Although we can also change the color through the white balance shift, this is not a good way. The white balance change is obtained by the machine's incorrect restoration of the color.The side effect is that some color reproduction deviations from the real environment may be too large, and even serious noise may be generated.We should try our best to properly arrange the distribution of colors in the early stage of lighting, instead of relying on machines to artificially change, relying on different irradiation angles and strengths of lights, increasing or decreasing different color temperature filters, etc. to change the physical properties of light , so that the camera is in the standard subject color temperature range.

Light is determined by hue, saturation, and lightness as a whole to determine its own attributes.

Hue——It is an attribute that distinguishes a color from other colors. Although the colors in nature are extremely rich, the medium we watch movies is far from being able to restore so many colors. Early cameras can record a high color gamut range. Media such as televisions can only accept 8-bit colors, that is to say, the hues in the early stage are very rich, but in the post-production, they only provide more controllable ranges, and the color gamut that can really be appreciated by the audience has to be compressed a lot.

Saturation - a simple understanding is the size of the color concentration.The saturation is too low, the colors are dull and lack enough color punch.If the saturation is too high, it will show obvious color visual stimulation, which makes people feel the power of color more strikingly. However, if the saturation is too high, it will produce obvious noise in the dark part. This kind of noise interference is the main reason for video color adjustment. The bottom line is that in the process of processing saturation, it should not only maintain a certain saturation, but also be close to the threshold where noise cannot appear.

Lightness——It refers to the purity and transparency of a color. If the lightness is high, the color will be clean and accurate; if the lightness is low, the color will be chaotic.In toning, it is not necessary to pursue the brightness of all colors to be very high.When the subject that needs to be expressed requires high brightness, it must be compared with the low brightness of other auxiliary objects.Light plays a key role in the brightness of the color. The stronger the light, the higher the brightness, and the weaker the light, the lower the brightness. We must make full use of the lighting and change the brightness.

In addition to the physical properties of color itself, the subjective role of color is more important in video production.

In reality, we often see that different business environments have different color tones, which is similar to film and television production.

For example, we will feel that most hotels and restaurants use warm-toned lighting to create a sense of safety, warmth and relaxation. In restaurants, it can stimulate the appetite of diners.In environments such as cold drink shops, most of them use cool tones, emphasizing the refreshing and calm subjective feeling.

To grade a film, what are the specific steps?

1. Pre-shooting

It is impossible to judge all the requirements and operations of post-processing in the early stage. Therefore, it is more important to grasp the composition and exposure in the early stage, which are difficult to deal with in the later stage.
Original video material, the picture is based on the so-called neutral "standard" primary color. In the early stage of shooting, the basic indicators such as exposure, white balance, composition, angle of view and movement of the picture are mainly controlled.

2. Color correction to make up for the lack of early stage (also called first-level color correction)
It mainly depends on the following three indicators, whether it is appropriate
【1】Adjust screen contrast
【2】Saturation
【3】White balance color temperature setting
3. Local light correction

Correct partial exposure transitions or underexposed images, or locally increase/reduce brightness of the image as required.

4. Artistic color correction

This step is not necessary. It should be decided according to the theme you want to express. If you use it properly, you will have an eye-catching video effect. There are mainly three forms:

[1] Partial color replacement: For example, replace the color of the flowers or the color of the character's clothes in the picture.

[2] Decolorization or monochrome processing: In this case, it is mostly to express a certain past or dreamy effect.

【3】Overall color adjustment: Commonly used forms include adding optical filter effects (similar to soft light filter effects, which have a more obvious impact on the details of the highlight parts of the picture), vignetting (used to enhance the main object of the picture), stylization Processing (there will be a large change in the picture), simulated film texture (in order to simulate a certain film texture, the parameters such as black/white point and curve of the picture will change significantly, and the order should be lower), sharpening and frame correction ( The frame composition can be adjusted by Pan/Tilt/Scale, etc.)

As an important part of editing, color grading usually has five color grading methods.

1. Complementary color mode

Complementary colors refer to the contrast effect formed by two corresponding colors. Two colors of warm and cool colors are used to emphasize the contrast and enhance the bright and prominent effect.

The most common examples are orange, blue, and turquoise, which is why most Hollywood blockbusters use these two colors as film color effects.However, when using Complementary Color mode, its saturation should be adjusted moderately so that the contrast effect is pleasing to the eye rather than harsh.

Usually, two contrasting colors symbolize conflicting behaviors, and the appearance of complementary colors externally indicates that the character is in a state of conflict or exhaustion.

2. Similar color mode

Similar color refers to the composition of adjacent colors on the hue circle to present the overall color coordination in the movie.The combination of colors is relatively flexible, and similar colors are usually used as the landscape tone in movies to present a natural and soft feeling.

The most common mode is to choose a main color system, and choose colors similar to it to match, and finally use black, white and gray as a foil.

3. Three-level color distribution mode

Third-class color matching means that the three colors are separated by 120 degrees on the hue circle. Although the overall color saturation is not too high, it still gives people a sense of vitality.However, the third-level color distribution is the most unpopular color matching mode in movies, but it can still show amazing effects when used properly.

4. Complementary color split mode
Complementary color segmentation is similar to the corresponding relationship of complementary colors, but the difference between the two is that complementary color segmentation is based on the combination of the main color and its corresponding colors on both sides.The same strong contrast, but the effect of tension is less pronounced.

5. Rectangular color matching mode
Rectangular color matching is composed of two sets of complementary colors, usually colorful and colorful, but at least one main color to highlight its effect.

　29 and [-] can be skipped, it’s a bit too professional, and it’s a bit boring to read, but if you want to know more about color matching, you can read it carefully.

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(End of this chapter)