Video Clip: Opening Inventory of the Ten Emperors

Chapter 195 Guan Yu, Yue Fei, Who Matches Martial Saint
Although Yue Fei died, he was remembered by the world, and he was also called a martial saint.

But some people will say that the Wu Sheng is Guan Yu.

Regarding this topic, Yue Fei and Guan Yu, who is qualified to be a martial sage, the public says the public is right, and the mother-in-law has the right.

The term Wu Sheng is the opposite of Wen Sheng. In the history of China, where there is literature, there is martial arts.

For example, in a dynasty, the civil and military officials were divided in half, so that the country could be governed well.

The concept of Wu Sheng was originally a temple built to commemorate outstanding military talents in ancient Chinese history. It was first built by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and eleven people were enshrined in the temple, that is, the ten philosophers of Wu Temple.

The chief priest is Jiang Ziya, a hero who assisted King Wu of Zhou in establishing the Zhou Dynasty, and also the founding king of Qi during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods.

The ten philosophers of the Wu Temple are: Bai Qi, Lord Wu'an of the Qin Dynasty, Han Xin, Marquis of Huaiyin in the Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, Li Jing, the Duke of Shewei, the Minister of the Tang Dynasty, Li Ji, the Duke of Sikong in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Liang, the prince of the Han Dynasty, and Zhang Liang, the prince of the State of Qi. Da Sima Tian Rangju, General Sun Wu of the State of Wu, Wu Qi, Governor of Xihe County of the State of Wei, and Le Yi, Lord Chang of the State of Yan.

Among the ten people, the first five are listed on the left side of the temple, and the last five are listed on the right side of the temple.

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"Ok?"

"Han Xin and Zhang Liang have such high status in later generations?"

Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, looked a little unnatural when he saw this.

After all, Han Xin was wrong, but he never expected that Han Xin's status in later generations would be so high.

"Who is Tang Xuanzong?"

"What is the reason why he put these people into the Wu Temple?"

"What's the reason for all this?"

…………

Five of the ten philosophers of the Wu Temple were from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Two of them were from the Han Dynasty, one was from the Three Kingdoms period, and two were from the Tang Dynasty. The chief priest, Jiang Ziya, was from the late Shang and early Zhou dynasties.

The purpose of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to build Wu Temple was to form a sacrificial culture, to show his image of respecting talents, and to attract talents from all over the world for his own use.

But in that era, the Wu Temple was not called Wu Temple at that time, it was called Taigong Shangfu Temple.

Until the Tang Suzong period, Jiang Ziya was granted the title of Wucheng King, and the Taigong Shangfu Temple was renamed Wuchengwang Temple, referred to as Wu Temple, and Jiang Ziya's status was raised to the same status as Confucius, the chief worshiper of the Confucian Temple.

It means that Confucius has the deepest knowledge in literature, and Jiang Ziya has the deepest knowledge in military affairs.

Although Jiang Ziya was the chief priest of the Wu Temple at this time, he was not called Wu Sheng, but Wu Cheng Wang.

During the period of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, 64 famous generals from ancient and modern times were added to the Wu Temple. These 64 people were all famous military talents in history or people with military achievements from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty.

Among them, during the Three Kingdoms period, there were Zhang Liao, Guan Yu, Zhou Yu, Lu Xun, Deng Ai, Zhang Fei, Lu Meng, Lu Kang, Yang Hu, Du Yu and others.

At this time, the Wu Temple was formed: a sacrificial structure of one chief priest, one deputy priest, ten philosophers, and 72 famous generals.

This corresponds to one sage king, one sub-sage, ten sages, and 72 sons of the Confucian Temple.

Therefore, the addition of 64 famous generals to the Wu Temple is actually to correspond to the Confucian Temple.

Both civil and military are required. The so-called holy kings, sub-sages, ten philosophers, and seventy-two sons are all objects of sacrifice, which demonstrates the status of sacrifice.

At this time, Jiang Ziya in the martial arts temple was called the holy king, and Zhang Liang was the sub-sage, so from the Tang Dynasty, Jiang Ziya was called the holy king of martial arts. It is the origin of Wu Sheng, Jiang Ziya is also known as the first Wu Sheng in Chinese history.

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"I see."

"The descendants of the later generations are really interesting. To make these things, civil sages and martial sages, are quite majestic."

Emperor Shihuang smiled.

However, he had nothing to say about Jiang Ziya's status.

After all, this one is indeed a strange person, there is nothing to say.

…………

Guan Yu entered the Wu Temple for the first time during the Tang Dezong period. At that time, 64 famous generals were added, and Guan Yu was one of them.

At that time, Guan Yu's status was average. After the Song Dynasty, the imperial court still used the sacrificial system of the Wu Temple in the Tang Dynasty, but increased or decreased the number of people worshiped in the Wu Temple.

In the early years of the Song Dynasty, 23 famous generals were added to the Wu Temple, compared with Guan Ying and Ban Chao in the Han Dynasty, and Qin Shubao in the Tang Dynasty, all of which were added at this time.

At the same time, 23 famous generals were removed, including: Bai Qi, Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Lian Po, Han Xin, Peng Yue, Zhou Yafu, Deng Ai, Zhang Fei, Li Guangbi and others.

The reason why the Song Dynasty did this was to select famous generals based on its own standards. Guan Yu was excluded from the Wu Temple in the early years of the Song Dynasty, which was still the time when Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin was in power.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, when Emperor Huizong Zhao Ji was in power, the list of famous generals in the Wu Temple changed again. The original ten philosophers were removed and changed to 72 famous generals. , Le Yi, Zhuge Liang, Li Ji, Tian Rangju, Fan Li, Han Xin, Li Jing, Guo Ziyi.

This is a slight change from the ten philosophers of the Tang Dynasty.

Then the number of 72 generals has also increased. People like Bai Qi, Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Lian Po, etc. who were removed from Zhao Kuangyin's period have been added. At the same time, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Deng Ai from the Three Kingdoms period have been added to the famous generals. So Guan Yu entered the Wu Temple again at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The 72 generals in the Song Dynasty were divided into three grades, among which Zhang Liang was in the first grade.

Guan Zhong, Sun Wu, Le Yi, Zhuge Liang, Li Ji, Tian Rangju, Fan Li, Han Xin, Li Jing, and Guo Ziyi are the second rank.

Everyone else falls into third gear, including Guan Yu.

Song Huizong Zhao Ji valued Guan Yu very much, not only rejoined him in the Wu Temple, but also granted Guan Yu four times in 20 years.

Guan Yu was named: Zhonghui Gong, Chongning Zhenjun, Wu'an King, and Yiyong Wu'an King.

When Guan Yu died, he was only the Marquis of Han Shouting, but at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was suddenly named the King of Yiyong Wu'an.

Pay special attention to two words: righteousness and bravery.

This shows that Song Huizong Zhao Ji added the title to Guan Yu because he considered Guan Yu's righteousness and courage. Yi means loyalty and benevolence, and brave means bravery and heroism.

After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty was established. It basically inherited the arrangement of the Wu Temple in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and also granted Guan Yu twice. .

Guan Yu has been a king since the Song Dynasty, and the most used one is King Wu'an, and then added various posthumous titles, but Guan Yu is still only one of the third ranks of the 72 generals in Wu Temple.

During the Song Zhenzong period, the Guansheng Temple with Guan Yu as the main sacrifice began to appear.

After the fall of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty also inherited the sacrifices of the Wu Temple of the Song Dynasty, and granted Guan Yu twice, and reduced the number of famous generals in the Wu Temple many times, but the main priest of the Wu Temple is still Jiang Ziya.

After the Ming Dynasty, at the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang put Jiang Ziya in the temple of emperors of all dynasties and abolished the Wu Temple, so the Wu Temple in the early Ming Dynasty did not exist, and the famous generals enshrined in it no longer offered sacrifices.

In the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Wu Temple was rebuilt. Emperor Shenzong Wanli of the Ming Dynasty not only conferred Guan Yu as "the Great Emperor God Weiyuan Town Tianzun Guan Shengdi Jun of the Three Realms of Subduing Demons", but also designated Guan Yu as the chief priest of the Wu Temple.

The accompanying sacrifices are Zhou Cang and Guan Ping.

This is because Guan Yu's title is "Guan Shengdijun" and he was the chief priest of the martial arts temple in the Ming Dynasty, so Guan Yu replaced Jiang Ziya as the new martial saint since the Ming Dynasty.

Therefore, it was in the Ming Dynasty that Guan Yu became a martial saint, and then the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Ming Sizong Chongzhen, granted Guan Yu the title of "True Yuan Xian Ying Zhao Ming Yi Han Tianzun". Confucius' status as the main god of the Confucian Temple began to be worshiped together, and the worship of Guan Yu reached a peak in the late Ming Dynasty. There were nearly [-] Guandi temples inside and outside Beiping City at that time.

After entering the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu's sacrifice reached its peak again.

In the eighth year of Yongzheng, Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty officially named Guan Yu as a martial saint, and established a sacrificial system of the Wu Temple with Guan Yu as the main sacrifice, that is, the Guandi Temple, which was juxtaposed with the Confucian Temple of Confucius, collectively called the Wenwu Temple. In the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu's status was quite high, and he replaced Jiang Ziya as the new martial saint.

In the nearly 300-year history of the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was granted ten times, and the last one was granted by Emperor Guangxu.

Emperor Guangxu granted Guan Yu the title of "Loyalty, God, Martial Spirit, Youren, Courage, Prestige, Protection of the Country, Protection of the People, Sincere Appeasement, Praise of Xuande, Guansheng Great Emperor".

The names are getting longer and longer, and there are more and more posthumous titles, all of which are conferred in order to cooperate with the sacrifices of the Wu Temple, so Guan Yu is also the chief priest of the Wu Temple, and he is also a martial sage.

Guan Yu is indeed a martial sage, so there is a problem, what about Yue Fei?
Yue Fei is both civil and military, not only outstanding in personal force, but also first-class in training and leading troops in battle. At least in the early Southern Song Dynasty, no one could match him.

Yue Fei was killed because he was convicted of treason under the auspices of Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, but many people knew that he was wronged. It was not until 20 years after he was killed that Song Xiaozong issued an edict to rehabilitate him and gave Yue Fei his posthumous title. The title was "Wu Mu, Zhong Wu", and he was also titled King E, but Yue Fei did not enter the Wu Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the period of Emperor Lizong of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Earth Temple in the Taixue of Lin'an Prefecture, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, was renamed "Zhongxian Temple" to commemorate Yue Fei.

At the same time, Yue Fei was named the temple god "Lord Wen Wang". This is a kind of sacrifice to Yue Fei, but it is not a sacrifice in the Wu Temple, and has nothing to do with the Wu Temple.

After the fall of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty reorganized the Wu Temple, only kept the ten philosophers, and deleted all others, so there was no Yue Fei in the Wu Temple in the Yuan Dynasty.

However, during the period of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty, the title of Yue Fei was added to the title of "Baoyi" on the basis of the title of Song Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, due to the abolition of the Wu Temple by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Wu Temple did not exist anymore, and Yue Fei was worshiped in the temple of the emperors of the past dynasties.

During the reign of Emperor Wanli of Ming Shenzong, Yue Fei was named "Emperor of Jingmo of the Three Realms", and Guan Yu at that time was also named "Emperor of Subduing Demons of the Three Realms". Sacrifice, but Yue Fei did not enter the Wu Temple.

Rather, there are many Yuefei temples in the folk, also called "Song Yue Zhongwu Temple" or "Zhongwu Temple". The most famous one is in Tangyin County, AY City, Henan Province. It is said that it was built in the first year of Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty. Shenzong conferred Yue Fei more than 100 years earlier.

Therefore, during the Ming Dynasty, Yue Fei did not enter the Wu Temple, but more folk sacrifices. In the Qing Dynasty, the main priest of the Wu Temple was still Guan Yu, without Yue Fei, but there were some folk temples that put Yue Fei and Guan Yu side by side, called Guanyue Temple. But the number is small, and it is not a mainstream sacrifice.

Later, someone rebuilt the Wu Temple again, and put Guan Yu and Yue Fei into the Wu Temple together. Only then did Yue Fei really enter the Wu Temple, and it was the only time he entered the Wu Temple.

The Wu Temple at this time was called Guanyue Temple.

But soon this person fell from power, and there was no further information about this matter, and because this person was not recognized by others, it was very embarrassing for Yue Fei to enter the martial arts temple, and he was not recognized by others.

So to be precise, Yue Fei has never entered the Wu Temple. There are only two main priests in the Wu Temple in Chinese history, namely Jiang Ziya and Guan Yu.

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"Guan Yu is actually a Martial Saint, but Yue Fei is not. Why?"

"What is the selection criteria for this Martial Saint?"

"Why do so many emperors like Guan Yu more?"

"Yes, I personally feel that Yue Fei is very powerful. Guan Yu is just a myth in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Logically speaking, Yue Fei is better."

"Of course, Jiang Ziya's position is too stable."

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Who is more qualified to be a martial artist, Yue Fei or Guan Yu?
First of all, what is the standard of Wu Sheng?
The first martial sage was Jiang Ziya, who was also known as the originator of military strategists.

In fact, the earliest ancestor of military strategists was not Jiang Ziya but Chi You. Chi You’s image was not very good in Confucianism. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has become the mainstream thought in China. Therefore, when Tang Xuanzong set up a martial arts temple, Jiang Ziya was elected as the chief priest, that is, Wu Sheng. .

Jiang Ziya was a hero who assisted King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou to create the Western Zhou Dynasty. He had great achievements in military, political and state governance. Therefore, Jiang Ziya was chosen as the Wu Sage for two reasons:
First, Jiang Ziya had military talents and ideas, which was unmatched at that time.

Second, Jiang Ziya assisted Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang two generations of monarchs to achieve the great cause of the Zhou Dynasty, and his loyalty is commendable.

Besides Guan Yu, Guan Yu was named Wu Sheng mainly by three people, namely: Song Huizong Zhao Ji, Ming Shenzong Wanli Emperor, Qing Shizong Yongzheng Emperor.

Guan Yu's original position in the martial arts temple was not outstanding, not even Shizhe, but he could be promoted by the emperor from many famous generals to become a martial arts saint. Naturally, he has his reasons. The main reasons are:
Guan Yu's loyalty, bravery and Confucianism's five constants, namely benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness are very consistent.

Guan Yu's benevolence, he treats soldiers very well.

Guan Yu's righteousness, he has a clear distinction between good and evil.

Guan Yu's gift, he and Liu Bei, Zhang Fei are siblings.

Guan Yu's wisdom, he can distinguish right from wrong.

Guan Yu's letter, he was loyal to Liu Bei all his life.

For the monarch, Guan Yu is an example to set.

For ministers, Guan Yu is the object of respect.

For the common people, Guan Yu is an idol of worship.

Guan Yu met the needs of all strata of the feudal society. Even in Taoism and Buddhism, Guan Yu was worshipped. In the folk, Guan Yu evolved into the god of martial arts and the ancestors of various industries, becoming a kind of cultural worship.

Guan Yu's military talent was one of the best in that era, he created the record of beheading the enemy's main general Yan Liang in the war, and at the same time he also had the record of Megatron China.

In comparison, Yue Fei's comprehensive ability surpassed Guan Yu's. Not only Yue Fei surpassed Guan Yu, but many famous generals in the martial arts temple surpassed Guan Yu in talent.

Refer to Jiang Ziya and Guan Yu to know that the selection criteria for Wu Sheng are mainly two aspects, one is talent, and the other is whether it conforms to Confucian values.

(End of this chapter)